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Quantum nonlocal effects in individual and interacting graphene nanoribbons

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Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 513-517页

作者： Ivan Silveiro Juan Manuel Plaza Ortega f javier garcia de abajo ICfO-Institut de Ciencies fotoniques Mediterranean Technology Park08860 Castelldefels(Barcelona)Spain ICREA-Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanc¸ats Passeig Lluis Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain

We show that highly doped graphene ribbons can support surface plasmons at near-infrared frequencies when their width is in the nanometer range,leading to important nonlocal and finite quantum-size corrections,such as sizable *** magnitude of these effects is assessed by comparing classical and quantum-mechanical models to describe graphene *** precisely,we examine individual and interacting 6–8 nm wide zigzag and armchair ribbons doped to 0.4–1.5 eV fermi *** find a strong influence of nonlocal effects on the orientation of graphene edges,with plasmons in zigzag ribbons undergoing strong quenching when their energy is below the fermi *** is also affecting the hybridization between ribbon plasmons in dimers and arrays for separations below a few ***,the removal of a single row of atomic bonds in a ribbon produces a strong plasmon frequency shift,whereas the removal of bonds along an array of rows separated by several nanometers in an extended sheet causes a dramatic increase in the *** the fundamental interest of these results,our work supports the use of narrow ribbons to achieve electro-optical modulation in the near infrared.

关键词： graphene graphene plasmons graphene ribbons metamaterials plasmonics

free-electron interactions with van der Waals heterostructures: a source of focused X-ray radiation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第7期12卷 1370-1380页

作者： Xihang Shi Yaniv Kurman Michael Shentcis Liang Jie Wong f.javier garcia de abajo ldo Kaminero Solid State Institute and faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 32000Israel School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798Singapore ICfO-Institut de Ciencies fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCastelldefels 08860Spain iCREA-lnstitucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avangats Passeig Lluis Companys23Barcelona08010Spain

The science and technology of X-ray optics have come far,enabling the focusing of X-rays for applications in highresolution X-ray spectroscopy,imaging,and *** spite of this,many forms of tailoring waves that had substantial impact on applications in the optical regime have remained out of reach in the X-ray *** disparity fundamentally arises from the tendency of refractive indices of all materials to approach unity at high frequencies,making X-ray-optical components such as lenses and mirrors much harder to create and often less ***,we propose a new concept for X-ray focusing based on inducing a curved wavefront into the X-ray generation process,resulting in the intrinsic focusing of X-ray *** concept can be seen as effectively integrating the optics to be part of the emission mechanism,thus bypassing the effciency limits imposed by X-ray optical components,enabling the creation of nanobeams with nanoscale focal spot sizes and micrometer-scale focal ***,we implement this concept by designing aperiodic vdw heterostructures that shape X-rays when driven by free *** parameters of the focused hotspot,such as lateral size and focal depth,are tunable as a function of an interlayer spacing chirp and electron *** forward,ongoing advances in the creation of many-layer vdw heterostructures open unprecedented horizons of focusing and arbitrary shaping of X-ray nanobeams.

关键词： optics integrating arbitrary

Spontaneous and stimulated electron-photon interactions in nanoscale plasmonic near fields

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第5期10卷 867-880页

作者： Matthias Liebtrau Murat Sivis Armin feisto Hugo Lourenco-Martins Nicolas Pazos-Pérez Ramon A.Alvarez Puebla f.javier garcia de abajo Albert Polman Claus Ropers Center for Nanophotonics AMOLF1098 XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands th Physical Institute-Solids and Nanostructures University of GÖttingen37077 GÖttingenGermany Max Plank Institute for Biophysical Chemistry 37077 GottingenGermany department of Physical Chemistry and EMaS Universitat Rovira i Virgili43007 TarragonaSpain ICREA-Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avangats 08010 BarcelonaSpain ICfO-Institut de Ciencies fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology08860 Castelldefels(Barcelona)Spain

The interplay between free electrons,light,and matter offers unique prospects for space,time,and energy resolved optical material characterization,structured light generation,and quantum information ***,we study the nanoscale features of spontaneous and stimulated electron–photon interactions mediated by localized surface plasmon resonances at the tips of a gold nanostar using electron energy-loss spectroscopy(EELS),cathodoluminescence spectroscopy(CL),and photon-induced near-field electron microscopy(PINEM).Supported by numerical electromagnetic boundary-element method(BEM)calculations,we show that the different coupling mechanisms probed by EELS,CL,and PINEM feature the same spatial dependence on the electric field distribution of the tip ***,the electron–photon interaction strength is found to vary with the incident electron velocity,as determined by the spatial fourier transform of the electric near-field component parallel to the electron *** the tightly confined plasmonic tip resonances,our calculations suggest an optimum coupling velocity at electron energies as low as a few *** results are discussed in the context of more complex geometries supporting multiple modes with spatial and spectral *** provide fundamental insights into spontaneous and stimulated electron-light-matter interactions with key implications for research on(quantum)coherent optical phenomena at the nanoscale.

关键词： photon quantum coupling

Radiative loss of coherence in free electrons:a long-range quantum phenomenon

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 294-301页

作者： Cruz I.Velasco Valerio Di Giulio f.javier García de abajo ICfO-Institut de Ciencies fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology08860Castelldefels(Barcelona)Spain ICREA-InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Passeig Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain

Quantum physics rules the dynamics of small objects as they interact over microscopic length ***,quantum correlations involving macroscopic distances can be observed between entangled photons as well as in atomic gases and matter waves at low *** long-range nature of the electromagnetic coupling between charged particles and extended objects could also trigger quantum phenomena over large ***,we reveal a manifestation of quantum mechanics that involves macroscopic distances and results in a nearly complete depletion of coherence associated with which-way free-electron interference produced by electron-radiation coupling in the presence of distant extended *** is a ubiquitous effect that we illustrate through a rigorous theoretical analysis of a two-path electron beam interacting with a semi-infinite metallic plate and find the inter-path coherence to vanish proportionally to the path separation at zero temperature and exponentially at finite *** investigated regime of large distances originates in the coupling of the electron to radiative modes assisted by diffraction at material structures but without any involvement of material *** the fundamental interest of this macroscopic quantum phenomenon,our results suggest an approach to measuring the vacuum temperature and nondestructively sensing the presence of distant objects.

关键词： temperature quantum macroscopic

An optical fiber network oracle for NP-complete problems

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Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 304-308页

作者： Kan Wu javier garcia de abajo Cesare Soci Perry Ping Shum Nikolay I Zheludev Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK IQfR-CSIC 28006 MadridSpain

The modern information society is enabled by photonic fiber networks characterized by huge coverage and great complexity and ranging in size from transcontinental submarine telecommunication cables to fiber to the home and local *** world-wide network has yet to match the complexity of the human brain,which contains a hundred billion neurons,each with thousands of synaptic connections on ***,it already exceeds the complexity of brains from primitive organisms,i.e.,the honey bee,which has a brain containing approximately one million *** this study,we present a discussion of the computing potential of optical networks as information *** a simple fiber network,we provide a proof-of-principle demonstration that this network can be treated as an optical oracle for the Hamiltonian path problem,the famous mathematical complexity problem of finding whether a set of towns can be travelled via a path in which each town is visited only *** of a Hamiltonian path is achieved by monitoring the delay of an optical pulse that interrogates the network,and this delay will be equal to the sum of the travel times needed to visit all of the nodes(towns).We argue that the optical oracle could solve this NP-complete problem hundreds of times faster than brute-force ***,we discuss secure communication applications for the optical oracle and propose possible implementation in silicon photonics and plasmonic networks.

关键词： Hamiltonian path problem NP complete optical oracle

Double-layer graphene for enhanced tunable infrared plasmonics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 761-768页

作者： Daniel Rodrigo Andreas Tittl Odeta Limaj f javier García de abajo Valerio Pruneri Hatice Altug Institute of BioEngineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland ICfO-Institut de Ciències fotòniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology08860 Castelldefels(Barcelona)Spain ICREA-InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats 08010 BarcelonaSpain

Graphene is emerging as a promising material for photonic applications owing to its unique optoelectronic *** supports tunable,long-lived and extremely confined plasmons that have great potential for applications such as biosensing and optical ***,in order to excite plasmonic resonances in graphene,this material requires a high doping level,which is challenging to achieve without degrading carrier mobility and ***,we demonstrate that the infrared plasmonic response of a graphene multilayer stack is analogous to that of a highly doped single layer of graphene,preserving mobility and supporting plasmonic resonances with higher oscillator strength than previously explored single-layer ***,we find that the optically equivalent carrier density in multilayer graphene is larger than the sum of those in the individual ***,electrostatic biasing in multilayer graphene is enhanced with respect to single layer due to the redistribution of carriers over different layers,thus extending the spectral tuning range of the plasmonic *** superior effective doping and improved tunability of multilayer graphene stacks should enable a plethora of future infrared plasmonic devices with high optical performance and wide tunability.

关键词： graphene infrared nanophotonics optoelectronic plasmonics

Quantum-mechanical effects in photoluminescence from thin crystalline gold films

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 783-794页

作者： Alan R.Bowman Alvaro Rodríguez Echarri fatemeh Kiani fadil Iyikanat Ted V.Tsoulos Joel D.Cox Ravishankar Sundararaman f.javier García de abajo Giulia Tagliabue Laboratory of Nanoscience for Energy Technologies(LNET) STIÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland ICfO–Institut de Ciencies fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCastelldefels(Barcelona)Spain. MBI–Max-Born-Institut BerlinGermany. POLIMA–Center for Polariton-driven Light–Matter Interactions University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. Danish Institute for Advanced Study University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. department of Materials Science&Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. department of Physics Applied Physicsand AstronomyRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. ICREA–Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats BarcelonaSpain

Luminescence constitutes a unique source of insight into hot carrier processes in metals,including those in plasmonic nanostructures used for sensing and energy ***,being weak in nature,metal luminescence remains poorly understood,its microscopic origin strongly debated,and its potential for unraveling nanoscale carrier dynamics largely ***,we reveal quantum-mechanical effects in the luminescence emanating from thin monocrystalline gold ***,we present experimental evidence,supported by first-principles simulations,to demonstrate its photoluminescence origin(i.e.,radiative emission from electron/hole recombination)when exciting in the interband *** model allows us to identify changes to the measured gold luminescence due to quantum-mechanical effects as the gold film thickness is ***,such effects are observable in the luminescence signal from flakes up to 40 nm in thickness,associated with the out-of-plane discreteness of the electronic band structure near the fermi *** qualitatively reproduce the observations with first-principles modeling,thus establishing a unified description of luminescence in gold monocrystalline flakes and enabling its widespread application as a probe of carrier dynamics and light-matter interactions in this *** study paves the way for future explorations of hot carriers and charge-transfer dynamics in a multitude of material systems.

关键词： luminescence quantum crystalline

5Ws of Green and Sustainable Software

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2020年第3期25卷 401-414页

作者： Coral Calero javier Mancebo felix garcia Maria Angeles Moraga Jose Alberto garcia Berna Jose Luis fernandez-Aleman Ambrosio Toval the Institute of Technology and Information Systems University of Castilla-La ManchaCiudad Real 13071Spain. the department of Informatics and Systems University of MurciaMurcia 30003Spain

Green and Sustainable Software has emerged as a new and highly active area in the software *** several years of research and work,we believe that it is now necessary to obtain a general snapshot of how the research in this area is *** do so,we have applied the 5 Ws(why,when,who,where,and what),a formula for getting the complete story on a *** have therefore carried out a study,using 542 publications related to Green and Sustainable Software research;these were recovered using *** results obtained allow us to conclude that it is important to identify key elements of the research to allow researchers be fully aware of the state of the research on Green and Sustainable Software(why);the study uses papers published between 2000 and the beginning of November 2018(when);the most prolific authors are mainly from Europe,although the USA is the most active country,Green and Sustainable Software being a very interactive area with a good number of multinational publications(who);the top five keywords related to sustainable aspects are Green Software,Green IT,Software Sustainability,Energy Consumption,and Energy Efficiency(what);finally,as regards the places authors prefer to publish in,there is almost a complete balance between conferences and journals,with a trend towards an increase in the number of publications(where).

关键词： Green Software Sustainable Software Software Engineering Software Sustainability Energy Efficiency Energy Utilization

Identification of colorectal cancer metastasis markers by an angiogenesis-related cytokine-antibody array

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第7期18卷 637-645页

作者： Ana abajo Nerea Bitarte Ruth Zarate Valentina Boni Ines Lopez Marisol Gonzalez-Huarriz javier Rodriguez Eva Bandres Jesus garcia-foncillas Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics Division of OncologyCenter for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of NavarraAvda Pio XII 5531008 PamplonaSpain department of Oncology University Clinic of NavarraUniversity of NavarraAvda Pio XII 5531008 PamplonaSpain

AIM： To investigate the angiogenesis-related protein expression profile characterizing metastatic colorectal cancer （mCRC） with the aim of identifying prognostic markers.METHODS： The expression of 44 angiogenesis- secreted factors was measured by a novel cytokine antibody array methodology. The study evaluated vas- cular endothelial growth factor （VEGf） and its soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor （sVEGfR）-I protein levels by enzyme immunoassay （EIA） in a panel of 16 CRC cell lines, mRNA VEGf and VEGf-A isoforms were quantified by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction （Q-RT-PCR） and vascular en- dothelial growth factor receptor （VEGfR）-2 expressionwas analyzed by flow cytometry.

关键词： Colorectal cancer metastasis Cytokine-an-tibody array Angiogenesis Vascular endothelial growthfactor Biomarkers