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Water Erosion in the Donga Soils in Subhumid Zone in West Africa

Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第12期11卷 1073-1088页

作者： Julien Avakoudjo félix alladassi kouelo Valentin Missiako Kindomihou Pierre Irénikatché Akponikpe Anastase Hessou Azontonde Brice Augustin Sinsin Tobi Moriaque Akplo Mahugnon Socrate Agonvinon Laboratory of Applied Ecology of the faculty of Agronomic Sciences of the University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Soil Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Research Unity of Soil Physic and Environmental Hydraulic Faculty of Agronomy University of Parakou Parakou Benin Laboratory for Soil Science Water and Environment Agricultural Research Centre of Agonkanmey National Institute for Agricultural Research of Benin Abomey-Calavi Benin

The runoff and soil loss were assessed in situ at the scale of 2.12 m2 plots during the rainy season of 2010 to better understand the determinants and magnitude of the massive soil loss and land subsidence (donga) in the sub-humid zone of Africa in Karimama, North Benin. The experimental design was a split plot with two factors: the topography in 3 modalities (upstream, center and downstream of the donga) was assigned as main plot factor and the degree of degradation of dongas in 2 modalities (beginner dongas and advanced dongas) was assigned as subplot factor. Runoff water was collected through a storage system composed of two tanks. Data were collected on 36 plots (9 plots per donga × 4 dongas). The runoff varies significantly from one site to another for the rainy episode of October 10, 2010. It is twice as high in land use areas (5.87 mm) as in W Park (2.32 mm;l.s.d. = 1.81 mm). from upstream to downstream, runoff and soil loss increased from 2.4 mm to 85.3 mm and 80 g·m-2 to 197 g·m-2, respectively. Runoff is high in the early dongas (7.60 mm) and low in the advanced dongas (5.68 mm) in contrast to lower soil loss in the early dongas (34 g·m-2) and high in the advanced dongas (237 g·m-2). The low value of soil loss with respect to the magnitude of the phenomenon suggests the probable occurrence of other soil loss mechanisms to be elucidated.

关键词： W National Park Land Use Areas Dongas Runoff Erosion Soil Loss

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Resistance to Abiotic Stress and Effectiveness of Native Rhizobia on Bambara Groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] in Benin

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第6期12卷 193-215页

作者： Mahougnon Carmelle Charlotte Zoundji Agassin Martinien Arcadius Ahoglé Tobi Moriaque Akplo Sèmèvo Oslo Gangnon Diorel Montéiro Yves Zanvo félix kouelo alladassi Pascal Houngnandan Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales Horticoles et Forestières Université Nationale d’Agriculture Kétou Benin Ecole de Gestion et de Production Végétale et Semencière Université Nationale d’Agriculture Kétou Benin Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Sols et d’Ecologie Microbienne Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Department of Spatial and Environmental Planning Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya faculté d’Agronomie Université de Parakou Parakou Benin

Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.], as a legume, can establish relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Rhizobium. However, Rhizobium efficacy is not always optimal due to the lack or poor efficient strains in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate symbiotic efficiency of endogenous Rhizobia nodulating Bambara groundnut and their resistance to abiotic conditions. Root nodules were randomly sampled from three agroecological zones across the country, surface sterilized, ground and paste plated on YEMA media. After 24 hours, the bacterial colonies were purified. The pure cultures were further characterized using morphological and biochemical methods and their resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals was evaluated. Lastly, the symbiotic efficiency of the isolates was assessed through a greenhouse experiment. A total of eighty-five presumptive strains were isolated from Bambara groundnut roots nodules obtained from the farms. The physiological characterization of the isolated showed a decrease in isolates growth when NaCl concentration was more than 7%. In addition, 47% of the isolates were tolerant to a temperature of 40°C. Most of the isolates were highly resistant to Erythromycin in all its concentration levels and to Kanamycin, Spectinomycin, Neomycin and Ampicillin at 10 μg⋅mL−1. Most of them showed resistance to Cu and Zn at 10 μg⋅mL−1. Results of the effectiveness test on two Bambara groundnut varieties yielded dry shoot matter varying from 3.33 g⋅plant−1 to 7.21 g⋅plant−1 for variety 1 and from 4.38 g⋅plant−1 to 8.38 g⋅plant−1 on variety 2. N uptake ranged between 0.09 g⋅plant−1 and 0.29 g⋅plant−1 for variety 1 and between 0.12 and 0.29 g⋅plant−1 for variety 2. The isolates yielding higher shoot dry weight and N uptake were LMSEM312, LM

关键词： Indigenous Rhizobia Nitrogen fixation Biodiversity Bambara Groundnut West Africa

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Variation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils under Different Cropping Systems in the Watershed of Kpocomey, Southern Benin

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2020年第11期10卷 501-517页

作者： alladassi félix kouelo Alohoutade finagnon Mathieu Avakoudjo Julien Akplo Tobi Moriaque Agodo Lambert Agonvinon Mahugnon Socrate Houngnandan Pascal Azontonde Hessou Anastase Amadji Guillaume Lucien Saïdou Aliou Laboratory of Soil Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Applied Ecology Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Research in Population and Development Sciences University of Parakou Parakou Benin Soil Water and Environmental Sciences Laboratory National Institute of Agricultural Research of Benin Abomey-Calavi Benin Research Unit of Eco-Pedology Laboratory of Soil Sciences Faculty of Agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Integrated Soil and Crop Management Research Unit Laboratory of Soil Sciences Faculty of Agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

Soils degradation is one of the constraints in food security achievement in Benin. This study aimed at assessing the effect of cropping systems and slope on soil physical and chemical properties in the watershed of Kpacomey located in the Aplahoué district. Soil samples were collected from three parallel transects along the slope. Sampling was carried out under different treatments combining cropping systems (Maize-Cassava, pure Palm grove, Palm grove-Maize-Cassava and Teak Plantation) along with slope levels (low slope, medium slope and high slope degree). The impact of cropping systems and slope on soil properties was assessed by determining the physical and chemical parameters. The cropping systems significantly (p fluenced soil bulk density, root biomass, soil acidity and soil organic matter. The lowest soil bulk density (1.38 g/cm3) was recorded under the Palm grove-Maize-Cassava cropping system while the highest (1.47 g/cm3) was obtained with pure Palm grove cropping system. Root biomass was more abundant (0.28%) with the pure Palm grove cropping system. However, root biomass was significantly (p fluenced by slope. Soil crusting resulted in no significant influence (p > 0.05) on the effect of cropping systems and slope. Moreover, cropping systems resulted in significant effects (p ficantly influenced by the effect of the slope. These findings indicated that cropping systems and slope are significant drivers in soil degradation in the Kpacomey watershed and bringing out cropping systems that best aim at soil conservation.

关键词： Cropping Systems Soil Organic Matter Soil Degradation Benin

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Effect of Sustainable Land Management Practices on the Soil Erodibility at the Plateau of Abomey (Centre of Benin)

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第7期12卷 323-337页

作者： kouelo alladassi félix Medezo Arnaud Akplo Tobi Moriaque Houenou Saïdi Avakoudjo Julien Agodo Lambert Dotonhoue Coffi fulgence Gbèwommindéa Sogbegnon Ahowanou Roméo Amadji firmin Zoundji Mahougnon Carmelle Charlotte Houngnandan Pascal Djedje Mélanie Laboratory of Soil Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Faculty of Agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi (LMSEM/FSA/UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Applied Ecology Faculty of Agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi (LEA/FSA/UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Soil Protection and Rehabilitation Project to Improve food Security (ProSOL/GIZ) Parakou Benin Sol Consult Africa (SolCA) Abomey Benin Laboratory of Plant Horticultural and Forestry Sciences National University of Agriculture (LSVHF/UNA) Kétou Benin

The soils of Benin in general and those of the department of Zou, in particular, are highly degraded. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustainable land management practices on soil erodibility in two villages in the Plateau of Abomey. Soil samples were collected on plots under Sustainable Land Management (SLM) measures (direct seeding, maize residue management and soybean-cereal rotation) and on their adjacent control. The soil samples were prepared and analyzed in laboratory to determine variables such as soil permeability, organic matter content, and particle size. Soil erodibility was determined as proposed by Wischmeier & Smith. The effect of SLM practices was significant (0.02) on soil permeability. On plots under SLM measurements, soil permeability is higher with an average of 93.97 mm/h at folly and 82.43 mm/h at Hanagbo. SLM measurements significantly (0.04) added organic matter to the soil. The average organic matter of the plots under SLM measures in folly varies from 0.73% to 1.39% while it varies from 0.49% to 0.73% in the control plots. In Hanagbo, the average organic matter of the plots under SLM measures varies from 1.86% to 2.48% against 1.41% to 1.66% for the control plots. Regarding soil erodibility, it was found that the influence of SLM measures is significant in both villages. In villages, direct seeding and maize residue management significantly (0.008) reduced soil erodibility compared to their adjacent controls, while the soybean-cereal rotation measure increased soil erodibility compared to plot witnesses. The average soil erodibility of plots under SLM measures varies by 0.21 t⋅h/Mj⋅mm at 0.38 t⋅h/Mj⋅mm in the village of Hanagbo and 0.25 t⋅h/Mj⋅mm at 0.38 t⋅h/Mj⋅mm in the village of folly. It varies from 0.24 t⋅h/Mj⋅mm at 0.28 t⋅h/Mj⋅mm for the control plots at Hanagbo and 0.31 t⋅h/Mj⋅mm at 0.37 t⋅h/Mj⋅mm in folly. These practices can therefore

关键词： Water Erosion Cropping Systems Sustainable Land Uses Soil Erodibility Centre of Benin

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