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Can Biochar Protect Labile Organic matter Against mineralization in Soil?

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Pedosphere 2017年第5期27卷 822-831页

作者： giovanna b.melas oriol or.iz josep m.alacaiz departament de biologia animal de biologia vegetal i d’ecologiafacultat de biociènciesuniversitat autònoma de barcelonaCerdanyola del Valles 08193(Spain) centre de recerca ecologica i aplicacions forestals(creaf) Cerdanyola del Valles E08193(Spain) dipartimento di agraria universitádegli studi di sassariViale Italia 39Sassari 071O0(halla) departamento de ciencias agrarias y del medio natural escuela politécnica superior de huescauniversidad de zaragozaHuesca E22071(Spain)

Biochar could help to stabilize soil organic （SOm） matter, thus sequestering carbon （C） into the soil. The aim of this work was to determine an easy method i） to estimate the effects of the addition of biochar and nutrients on the organic matter （SOm） mineralization in an artificial soil, proposed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD）, amended with glucose and ii） to measure the amount of labile organic matter （glucose） that can be sorbed and thus be partially protected in the same soil, amended or not amended with biochar. A factorial experiment was designed to check the effects of three single factors （biochar, nutrients, and glucose） and their interactions on whole SOm mineralization. Soil samples were inoculated with a microbial inoculum and preincubated to ensure that their biological activities were not limited by a small amount of microbial biomass, and then they were incubated in the dark at 21 ~C for 619 d. Periodical measurements of C mineralized to carbon dioxide （CO2） were carried out throughout the 619-d incubation to allow the mineralization of both active and slow organic matter pools. The amount of sorbed glucose was calculated as the difference between the total and remaining amounts of glucose added in a soil extract. Two different models, the Freundlich and Langmuir models, were selected to assess the equilibrium isotherms of glucose sorption. The CO2-C release strongly depended on the presence of nutrients only when no biochar was added to the soil. The mineralization of organic matter in the soil amended with both biochar and glucose was equal to the sum of the mineralization of the two C sources separately. Furthermore, a significant amount of glucose can be sorbed on the biochar-amended soil, suggesting the involvement of physico-chemical mechanisms in labile organic matter protection.

关键词： C source glucose sorption microbial biomass nutrients soil respiration

Effects of Different Types of Sludge on Soil microbial Properties:A Field Experiment on Degraded mediterranean Soils

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Pedosphere 2010年第6期20卷 681-691页

作者： D.TArrASóN G.OJEDA O.Or.iz J.m.ALCAiz Centre for Ecological research and Forestry Applications Autonomous University of Barcelona ImAr-Coimbra Interdisciplinary Centre Department of ZoologyUniversity of Coimbra

The recycling of suitable organic wastes can enhance soil fertility via effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. To compare the effects of digested (DS), thermally dried (TDS) and composted dewatered (CDS) sewage sludge on soil microbiological properties, an experiment was conducted at field sites for more than one year (401 d) when applied to two mediterranean degraded soils (loam and loamy sand soils). All three types of sewage sludge had a significant effect on measured parameters. In a short time, the plots of both loamy sand and loam soils amended with TDS showed the highest microbial basal respiration (loam soil: P my sand soil: P rbon mineralization coefficient (loam soil: P my sand soil: P rthermore, on loamy sand soil, the plots amended with TDS showed the highest microbial metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ) (P revealed that the addition of sludge caused transient non-equilibrium effects on almost all soil microbial properties. However, there were no differences one year later because the remaining organic carbon was stable and quite similar in all treatments. These results may have practical implications for the rehabilitation of degraded soils.

关键词： basal respiration composted sludge soil microbial biomass thermally dried sludge

Comparison of central corneal thickness measurements with three new optical devices and a standard ultrasonic pachymeter

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2014年第2期7卷 302-308页

作者： Hasan Ali Bayhan Seray Aslan Bayhan iz.zet Can Department of Ophthalmology Bozok University Faculty of Medicine

AIm:To compare the rTVue spectral optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT),Sirius Scheimpflug-Placido topographer,Lenstar optical low coherence reflectometry(OLCr)and ultrasound pachymetry(USP)devices in terms of their agreement and repeatability of measuring central corneal thickness(CCT).mETHODS:In this prospective study,50 eyes of 50patients were *** repeated measures were obtained using SD-OCT,Scheimpflug-Placido topographer and USP and five measurements were determined with the ***-Altman plots were used to assess agreement among the instruments,and 95%limits of agreement(LoA)for each comparison were ***-examiner repeatability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs).rESULTS:The mean CCT by SD-OCT,ScheimpflugPlacido topographer,OLCr,and USP were 525.90±34.08μm,525.92±34.10μm,530.30±35.62μm,and543.50±37.11μm *** 4 modalities of CCT measurements correlated closely with each other,with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.977 *** mean differences(and upper/lower LoA)for CCT measurements were-0.05±6.77μm(13.3/-13.3)between SD-OCT and Scheimpflug-Placido topographer,4.38±3.79μm(11.8/-3.1)between OLCr and SD-OCT,4.38±6.03μm(16.2/-7.5)between OLCr and ScheimpflugPlacido topographer,13.20±6.46μm(25.9/0.5)between USP and OLCr,17.59±6.76μm(30.8/4.3)between USP and SD-OCT,and 17.58±8.13μm(33.5/1.6)between USP and Scheimpflug-Placido ***-examiner repeatability was excellent for all devices with ICCs>***:For most practical purposes,CCT measurements with the rTVue,Sirius and Lenstar can be used *** highly correlated,CCTmeasurement differences between USP and these 3optical instruments can be significant depending on the clinical situation.

关键词： central corneal thickness optical low coherence reflectometry spectral optical coherence tomography Scheimpflug-Placido topographer

Cerium extraction by metallothermic reduction using cerium oxide powder injection

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Journal of rare Earths 2011年第1期29卷 74-76页

作者： J.S.Luna A A.Flores V r.muiz V A.F.Fuentes J.Torres N.rodríguez r J.C.Or.iz P.Orozco CINVESTAV Unidad Saltillo Saltillo-Monterrey Highway Km.13.5P.O.Box 66325000SaltilloCoahuilaMéxico Faculty of Engineering Autonomous Univer-sity of CoahuilaCamporedondo UnitSaltilloCoahuilaMéxico Department of metal mechanics Technological Institute of SaltilloV.Carranza Blvd 2400SaltilloCoahuilaZC 25280México Academic Unit of Engineering Autonomous University of CoahuilaLopez Velarde Av.ZacatecasZac.ZC 98060

This work presented the feasibility of cerium recovery by Al-mg alloy through the metallothermic reduction of CeO2 to obtain a master alloy Al-4%Ce. The master alloy obtained in this investigation was for the grain refinement and modification of Al-Si alloys. The reagent was incorporated into a molten alloy using the submerged powder injection technique, and metallic samples were obtained during injection. Chemical and microstructural analyses （by inductively coupled plasma （ICP） and scanning electron microscopy （SEm）, respectively） confirmed the possibility of Ce uptake in the bath （0 to 4 wt.%）, as CeO2 was reduced through metallothermic reactions in the molten alloys. Based on the characterization of reaction products, the sequence of the reaction was proposed.

关键词： cerium recovery metallothermic reduction reaction products rare earths

The anthocyanin's role on the food metabolic pathways,color and drying processes:An experimental and theoretical approach

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 91-110页

作者： Sandra Peñaloza Cornelio Delesma Jesús muñiz López-Or.iz A. Instituto de Energías renovables Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoPriv.Xochicalco s/nCol.CentroTemixco62580MorelosMexico

This review is intended to cover the works related to the anthocyanin behavior in food that is subjected to *** experimental and theoretical results available in scientific literature are *** increase in anthocyanin concentration has been observed upon thermal ***,a conclusive explanation is still *** accessible studies suggest an increase in concentration during maturations,which could be related to the enzymatic *** possible enzymes involved in such a procedure have also been covered,including their role played in the *** possible activation mechanisms and the related factors such as temperature,pH,oxygen contents and the presence of UV-light irradiation were also ***,the metabolic pathways were also explored including experimental evaluation and theoretical models based on atomistic methodologies such as density functional theory(DFT).This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the probable mechanisms behind the increase of anthocyanin concentration during drying.

关键词： Anthocyanin metabolic pathway PAL CHS UFGT HPLC Theoretical model

microstructural Feature of As-cast A-356 Alloy modifiers with the Addition of SrO

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(materials Science) 2014年第3期29卷 617-619页

作者： mU?iz rodrigo FLOrES Alfredo Or.iz Juan rODríGUEZ Nelly mArTíNEZ Fernando OrOZCO Pilar LUNA Jesús Equihua Fabián García Adrián Faculty of Engineering Autonomous University of Coahuila Camporedondo UnitSaltillo Coahuila México CINVESTAV Saltillo Unit Department of metal mechanics Technological Institute of Saltillo Faculty of Engineering Autonomous University of Zacatecas FImE Autonomous University of Coahuila Unit

To explore the effect of strontium on the structure of as-cast A356 alloy, the strontium was incorporated to the alloy by metallothermic reduction of SrO where the mineral was added to the melt through the submerged powders injection technique. The evaluation of the modification of the eutectie silicon and the chemical analysis of samples were done using optical microscopy （OP） and inductively coupled plasma （ICP）, respectively, while microstructural analyses by scanning electron microscopy （SEm）, and the injection time was variable. magnesium was added to the melt to increase the reactivity and reduce the surface tension of the molten aluminum. It was possible to increase the strontium content from 0 to 0.027% after 20 minutes treatment. This concentration was sufficient to bring about full modification structure of eutectic silicon of as cast alloy A 356 and the acceptable quality metallurgical of alloy.

关键词： modification microstmcture strontium eutectic silicon submerged powder injection

Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

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Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： LHAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao F.Aharonian Axikegu Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi W.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.Cao W.Y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.m.Chen E.S.Chen H.X.Chen Liang Chen Lin Chen Long Chen m.J.Chen m.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng m.Y.Cui S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan J.Fang J.H.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng H.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng Y.Feng Y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao m.m.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou m.H.Gu F.L.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han m.Hasan H.H.He H.N.He J.Y.He Y.He Y.K.Hor B.W.Hou C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu Q.Hu S.C.Hu D.H.Huang T.Q.Huang W.J.Huang X.T.Huang X.Y.Huang Y.Huang X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang m.Jin m.m.Kang I.Karpikov D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li C.m.Li Cheng Li Cong Li D.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li S.D.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li X.r.Li Xin Li Y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu D.B.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu m.Y.Liu r.Y.Liu S.m.Liu W.Liu Y.Liu Y.N.Liu Q.Luo Y.Luo H.K.Lv B.Q.ma L.L.ma X.H.ma J.r.mao Z.min W.mitthumsiri H.J.mu Y.C.Nan A.Neronov L.J.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei J.C.Qi m.Y.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.raza D.ruffolo A.Sáiz m.Saeed D.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su D.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun J.Takata P.H.T.Tam Q.W.Tang r.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian C.Wang C.B.Wang G.W.Wang H.G.Wang H.H.Wang J.C.Wang Kai Wang Kai Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang P.H.Wang r.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.m.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.r.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia G.m.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.r.Xiong Z.Xiong D.L.Xu r.F.Xu r.X.Xu W.L.Xu L.Xue D.H.Yan J.Z.Yan T.Yan C.W.Yang C.Y.Yang F.Yang F.F.Yang L.L.Yang m.J.Yang r.Z.Yang W.X.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.Yue H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng m.Zha B.B.Zhang F.Zhang H.Zhang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic ray research Center ChengduChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 103980Heidelberg 69029Germany School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Nuclear research of russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China Key Laboratory for research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Key Laboratory of Cosmic rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC UniversitéParis Cité

Theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays(Crs)accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant(SNr)W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region,***,the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for Crs remains *** on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),we report a significant detection ofγrays emanating from the W51 complex,with energies from 2 to 200 *** LHAASO measurements,for the first time,extend theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of *** combining the"π^(0)-decay bump"featured data from Fermi-LAT,the broadbandγ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision *** observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at~400 TeV or a power-law break at~200 TeV in the Cr proton spectrum,most likely providing the first evidence of SNrs serving as Cr accelerators approaching the PeV ***,two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energeticγrays observed by *** findings strongly support the presence of extreme Cr accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic Crs.

关键词： UHE c-ray Cosmic rays SNr W51C Star clusters

First-and second-order phase transitions in rE_(6)Co_(2)Ga(rE=Ho,Dy or Gd)cryogenic magnetocaloric materials

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Science China materials 2021年第11期64卷 2846-2857页

作者： Dan Guo Luis m.moreno-ramírez Carlos romero-muñiz Yikun Zhang Jia-Yan Law Victorino Franco Jiang Wang Zhongming ren State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steels Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced FerrometallurgySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China Departamento de Física de la materia Condensada ICMS-CSICUniversidad de SevillaP.O.Box 1065Sevilla 41080Spain Department of Physical Chemical and Natural SystemsUniversidad Pablo de OlavideSevilla E-41013Spain Departamento de Física Aplicada I Universidad de SevillaSevilla E-41012Spain

rare-earth(rE)rich intermetallics crystallizing in orthorhombic Ho_(6)Co_(2)Ga-type crystal structure exhibit peculiar magnetic properties that are not widely reported for their magnetic ordering,order of magnetic phase transition,and related magnetocaloric *** tuning the type of rE element in rE_(6)Co_(2)Ga(rE=Ho,Dy or Gd)compounds,metamagnetic anti-to-paramagnetic(AF to Pm)phase transitions could be tuned to ferro-to-paramagnetic(Fm to Pm)phase ***,the Fm ground state for Gd_(6)Co_(2)Ga is confirmed by density functional theory calculations in addition to experimental *** field dependence magnetocaloric and Banerjee’s criteria demonstrate that Ho_(6)Co_(2)Ga and Dy_(6)Co_(2)Ga undergo a first-order phase transition in addition to a second-order phase transition,whereas only the latter is observed for Gd_(6)Co_(2)*** two extreme alloys of the series,Ho_(6)Co_(2)Ga and Gd_(6)Co_(2)Ga,show maximum isothermal entropy change(|ΔS_(iso)^(max)(5T)|)of 10.1 and 9.1 J kg^(-1)K^(-1)at 26 and 75 K,close to H_(2)and N_(2)liquefaction,*** outstanding magnetocaloric effect performance makes the rE6 Co_(2)Ga series of potential for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration applications.

关键词： rE6Co2Ga compounds magnetic phase transitions magnetocaloric effect rare-earth

Effect of Carbon Graphite on the Crystallization of Andalusite: Application to the Synthesis of mullite and the Improvement of refractory Quality

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materials Sciences and Applications 2013年第6期4卷 337-346页

作者： Chaouki Sadik iz-Eddine El Amrani Abderrahman Albizane Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology University Hassan II Mohammedia-Casablanca Morocco Department of Earth Sciences Scientific Institute University Mohammed V Agdal Rabat Morocco

Different mixtures of moroccan silica-alumina geomaterials were used for the preparation of refractory ceramics. A formula of composition (m2) has allowed obtaining a good quality of refractory. Addition of a small quantity of carbon (1%) to the m2 formula has substantially improved the quality of the refractory. The morphological, textural and mineralogical evolution, through SEm and XrD shows that the addition of carbon, which plays a catalytic role, favors the crystallization of andalusite. Then, from 1200°C, the andalusite starts to transform to primary mullite needles. At 1400°C, the mullite becomes the major mineral phase beside cristobalite and vitreous phase.

关键词： refractory Alumina-Silica Andalusite mullite morocco