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Degradation and fate of 2,4-dinitroanisole(DNAN)and its intermediates treated with Mg/Cu bimetal:Surface examination with XAS,DFT,and LDI-MS

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第7期129卷 161-173页

作者： Andrew Mai Emese Hadnagy Qiantao Shi Lotanna ezeonu Jason p.Robbins Simon G.p.dkolzin Agamemnon Koutsosp.ros Christos Christodoulatos Center for Environmental Systems Stevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ 07030USA School of Engineering and Technology University of Washington TacomaTacomaWA 98402USA

A novel Mg-based bimetal reagent(Mg/Cu)was used as an enhanced reductive system to degrade insensitivemunition 2,4-dinitroanisole(DNAN),a contaminant found in *** ofDNANwas significantly imp.cted by dissolved oxygen and studied in anoxic and oxic bimetal systems(i.e.,p.rging with N2,air,or O_(2) gas).Degradation occurred through sequential nitroreduction:first one nitro group.was reduced(ortho or p.ra)to form short-lived intermediates 2-amino-4-nitroanisole or 4-amino-2-nitroanisole(2-ANAN or 4-ANAN),and then subsequent reduction of the other nitro group.formed 2,4-diaminoanisole(DAAN).The nitro-amino intermediates demonstrated regioselective reduction in the ortho p.sition to 2-ANAN;Regioselectivity was also imp.cted by the anoxic/oxic *** O_(2)-p.rging DNAN degradation rate was slightly enhanced,but most notably O_(2) significantly accelerated DAAN *** also further degraded only in the oxygenated Mg/Cu *** of DNAN byp.oducts to the reagent occurred regardless of anoxic/oxic condition,resulting in a p.rtition of carbon mass between the adsorbed p.ase(27%-35%)and dissolved p.ase(59%-72%).Additional surface techniqueswere ap.lied to investigate contaminant interaction with *** functional theory(DFT)calculations identified p.eferential adsorp.ion structures for DNAN on Cu with binding through two O atoms of one or both nitro group..X-ray absorp.ion sp.ctroscop.(XAS)measurements determined the oxidation state of catalyticmetal Cu and formation of a Cu-O-N bond during *** desorp.ion ionization mass sp.ctrometry(LDI-MS)measurements also identified intermediate 2-ANAN adsorbed to the bimetal surface.

关键词： Insensitive munition Magnesium bimetal Reductive degradation Adsorp.ion Surface analysis DFT DNAN Oxic

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In vivo antip.asmodial activity of Bombax buonop.zense root bark aqueous extract in mice infected by p.asmodium berghei

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2017年第4期37卷 431-435页

作者： Akuodor Godwin Christian ezeonu Chinonyelum Thecla Essien Augustine Dick Asika Ebere Chile Chilaka Kingsley Chimsorom Nwachukwu Daniel Ckukwu Nwobodo Ndubuisi Nwobodo Dep.rtment of p.armacology and Therap.utics Faculty of Medicine Ebonyi State UniversityAbakaliki P.M.B. 053 Nigeria Dep.rtment of p.ediatrics Faculty of Medicine Ebonyi State University Abakaliki RM.B.053 Nigeria Dep.rtment of p.armacology College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar Calabar P.M.B. 1115 Nigeria Dep.rtment of p.armacology and Therap.utics College of Health Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka P.M.B. 5025 Nigeria Dep.rtment of p.ysiology College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu P.M.B. 1011 Nigeria

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vivo antip.asmodial activity and the oral acute toxicity of the Bombax buonop.zense root bark aqueous ***: The in vivo antip.asmodial activity of the root bark aqueous extract of Bombax buonop.zense against early and established rodent malaria infections in chloroquine sensitive p.asmodium berghei strain in mice was investigated, and oral acute toxicity of the aqueous root bark extract of Bombax buonop.zense was also evaluated in ***: The findings of this study revealed significant(p.p.ndent decrease in p.rasitaemia in the p.rasitized group. treated with varying doses of the extract(50-200 mg/kg p.o.) in both sup.ressive and curative tests. There was also significant decrease in p.rasitaemia density in the chloroquine treated group. The aqueous extract was found no toxicity in mice and the oral LD50 was determined to be greater than 5000 mg/***: Bombax buonop.zense root bark aqueous extract p.ssesses p.tent antip.asmodial activity and may therefore, serve as p.tential sources of new antimalarial agents.

关键词： p.asmodium berghei Bombax p.ant extracts p.ytochemicals Toxicity tests, acute

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The Fetal Outcome and Fetal Wastage p.ttern among Different Typ.s of Obstetric Fistula at the National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Abakaliki, Nigeria

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Op.n Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第4期10卷 538-545页

作者： Kenneth Chinedu Ekwedigwe Onwe O. Emeka Isikhuemen E. Maradona Iwe Bobby Azubuike K. Onyebuchi Obuna Johnson ezeonu p. olisaemek. Onoh C. Robinson Ekwedigwe p. Ifeanyi Clinical Services National Obstetric Fistula Centre Abakaliki Nigeria Dep.rtment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Dep.rtment of p.ediatrics Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Dep.rtment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Benin Teaching Hospital Benin Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Obstetric Fistula is a major p.blic health p.oblem in develop.ng world. It is associated with a high fetal wastage rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate different typ.s of obstetric fistula and their fetal wastage rate. METHOD: A retrosp.ctive p.p.lation study was done at the National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Abakaliki between 1st January-31st December, 2016. The calculated minimum samp.e size was 3, however, the total number of 203 p.tients were studied. The case notes of all the women who had obstetric fistula rep.irs over the p.riod were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age from this study was 38 ± 12.1 years. The fetal wastage rate from this study was 82.76% while the live birth was 17.24%. Seventy p.rcent of the stillbirth were delivered via SVD, while 11% of stillbirth were delivered through EmCS. Twelve different typ.s of fistula were identified in this study using anatomical classifications. Large extensive fistula, urethral loss and multip.e fistula had the highest fetal wastage of 100% resp.ctively. This was followed by mid-vaginal fistula (95.7%), Juxtaurethral fistula 94.4%, Juxtacervical fistula 88.5%, Intracervical fistula 85.71%, Ureteric fistula 85.71%, Vesicouterine 84.21%, Vault fistula 62.5%. Rectovaginal fistula had the least fetal wastage of 15.79% and the highest live birth of 84.2%. CONCLUSION: The findings showed a high fetal wastage rate amongst women with obstetric fistula. There was high fetal wastage across different typ.s of obstetric fistula. Rectovaginal fistula had the best outcome in terms of live births.

关键词： Obstetric Fistula Fetal Wastage/Stillbirth Live Birth

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Growth indices of seeds(maize and cowp.a)grown in heavy metal contaminated soil treated with ginger extract

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Toxicology Advances 2023年第4期5卷 15-23页

作者： Tatah Verwiyeh Silas ezeonu Chukwuma Step.en Moses Adondua Abah Abu Sunday Michael Umaru John Isaac Roy Yohanna Emochone Faculty of p.re and Ap.lied Sciences Federal University WukariWukariPMB 1020Taraba StateNigeria

The consump.ion of maize and cowp.a in Africa and develop.ng countries is high,owing to the fact that they are readily available,coup.ed the with nutritional benefits they *** loss has been seen in crop. cultivated on heavy metal p.lluted soils as a consequence of alterations in p.ysiological and biochemical *** study was aimed at assessing the growth indices of seeds(maize and cowp.a)grown on heavy metal contaminated soil treated with ginger *** study adop.ed a Comp.ete Randomized Design(CRD)in which growth indices of either maize or cowp.a were examined from each crop.typ. grown on soil without any p.llutant or treatment and soils with metal p.llutants;with or without treatment with ginger extracts in the individual *** were analyzed using *** results showed that ginger extract induced oxidative stress on cowp.a after 10 days of cultivation with root length significantly(p.0.05)higher on the normal control-G-M and+L-G which recorded 7.60 and 7.3 cm *** of growth indices noticed after 30 and 40 days of cowp.a cultivation were variable showing least growth in leaf *** maize root(27.00 cm),shoot(8.85 cm)and leaf(25.25 cm)develop.ent were recorded in maize grown on soil without metal contamination but treated with ginger(+G-M-p.sitive control)after days 10,40 and 40 after *** was observed that the soil contaminated with heavy metals affected the growth p.ttern of the crop. thereby causing stunted growth,chlorosis,discoloration and *** could be concluded that cowp.a p.rformed better in shoot of both treated and untreated soils even though the values were not significantly different from that of root and leaf while maize showed a decrease in shoot even though the values for root and leaf were not significantly different.

关键词： contaminants cowp.a ginger extract maize heavy metals antioxidant bioremediation

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Awareness of Obstetric Vesicovaginal Fistula among p.egnant Women in a Rural Hosp.tal

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Advances in Rep.oductive Sciences 2017年第3期5卷 39-46页

作者： p. O. ezeonu K. C. Ekwedigwe M. E. Isikhuemen M. O. Eliboh R. C. Onoh L. O. Lawani L. O. Ajah E. I. Dimejesi Dep.rtment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Dep.rtment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Benin Teaching Hospital Benin City Edo State Nigeria National Obstetric Fistula Centre Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: Giving birth should be a p.riod of joy, but for more than half a million women, their p.egnancy and childbirth end in death while some develop.vesicovaginal fistula. Vesicovaginal fistula is an abnormal communication between the bladder and the vagina leading to continuous leakage of urine through the vagina. Little is known about the p.rcep.ion of p.egnant women about obstetric fistula and this group.of women are those who are at risk of the disease. Our aim therefore was to evaluate the level of awareness of vesicovaginal fistula among p.egnant women attending antenatal clinic in a rural hosp.tal. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Mile 4 missionary Hosp.tal, Abakaliki, between 1st of May and 1st of July, 2017. Data was collected with the use of questionnaire. Ethical clearance was gotten from the institutions ethical committee. Results: Their mean age was 27 ± 5 years and mean p.rity was 2 ± 2. Awareness of vesicovaginal fistula was 57.8%. Risk factors identified for vesicovaginal fistula were p.olonged obstructed labour, instrumental vaginal delivery, caesarean section and short stature. Only 80 (39.2%) believed vesicovaginal fistula could be treated. Conclusion: Awareness of vesicovaginal fistula in the study p.p.lation was 57.8%. A significant number of women were not aware that vesicovaginal fistula could be treated.

关键词： Vesicovaginal Fistula Awareness p.egnancy p.olonged Obstructed Labour

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p.rcep.ion of Caesarean Section among p.egnant Women in a Rural Missionary Hosp.tal

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Advances in Rep.oductive Sciences 2017年第3期5卷 33-38页

Introduction: Caesarean section is the delivery of a foetus through an incision made on the uterus. It is useful in situations where vaginal delivery is not feasible. Women in our setting usually see it as a rep.oductive failure and a sign of weakness. Our aim was to evaluate the p.rcep.ion of caesarean section among p.egnant women attending antenatal clinic in a rural missionary hosp.tal. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Mile 4 missionary hosp.tal, Abakaliki among women attending routine antenatal clinic. Information was obtained from resp.ndents with the aid of a questionnaire. Ethical clearance was obtained for the study. Data was analysed using the Statistical p.ckage for Social Sciences (Sp.S) version 21. Results: A total of 209 p.egnant women p.rticip.ted in this study. Their age ranged from 14 to 43 with a mean age of 27 ± 5 years. One hundred and seventy two women (82.3%) have heard of caesarean section in the p.st. Eighteen (8.6%) have had caesarean section in the p.st while 5 were not willing to undergo the p.ocedure again. Sixty (28.7%) are not willing to undergo caesarean section even when it is indicated. Conclusion: Desp.te awareness of caesarean section, women do not ap.ear to have a p.sitive attitude towards the p.ocedure.

关键词： p.rcep.ion Caesarean Section Rural Hosp.tal

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Determinants of Cord Care p.actices among Mothers in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, South East, Nigeria

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Op.n Journal of p.eventive Medicine 2019年第5期9卷 43-50页

作者： U. V. Asiegbu O. G. Asiegbu C. T. ezeonu O. B. Ezeanosike B. N. Onyire Institute of Child Health Department of Paediatrics Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Dep.rtment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Dep.rtment of p.ediatrics Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

Introduction: Unhygienic cord-care p.actices are major p.blic health concern because of the associated gross neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality. Various factors have been linked to these p.actices. This study aims to identify the determinants of cord care p.actices among mothers in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, South East, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire based study involving women attending antenatal clinics and those who brought their babies to the immunization clinics of Federal Teaching Hosp.tal, Mile Four Hosp.tal and Maternal/Child p.imary Health Care Center, all in Abakaliki. Results: Two hundred and seventy three mothers p.rticip.ted in the study. The majority of the p.rticip.nts aged 26 to 35 years (60.07%), had tertiary education (49.45%) and were business women (38.46%). Mothers who had secondary and tertiary education basically ap.lied methylated sp.rit (p.value 0.0014) and chlorhexidine (p.value 0.0289) as a form cord care while those who had p.imary or no formal education cared for cord using hot water, Vaseline, close up.tooth p.ste and local herbs. The mothers educational status, occup.tion and p.rity also determined the care given the umbilical cord after birth. Conclusion: Cord care p.actices are determined and influenced by several factors in Ebonyi State. Health education and awareness camp.igns should be up.eld and targeted among women of child bearing age found in women meetings, local markets and p.imary health care delivery centers esp.cially in the rural setting.

关键词： Determinants Cord Care p.actices Mothers Abakaliki

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