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Reduced efficacy of single-dose albendazole against Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura, and high reinfection rate after cure among school children in southern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 95-96页

作者： Tigist Dires Gebreyesus eyasu makonnen Tafesse Tadele Kalkidan Mekete Habtamu Gashaw Heran Gerba Eleni Aklillu Department of Global Public Health Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority Addis Ababa Ethiopia Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Departments of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Sciences Hawassa University Hawassa Ethiopia Ethiopian Public Health Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Background Mass drug administration(MDA)program of albendazole to at-risk populations as preventive chemo-therapy is the core public health intervention to control soil-transmitted helminths(STHs).Achieving this goal relies on drug effectiveness in reducing the parasite reservoirs in the community and preventing *** assessed the effcacy of albendazole against STH parasite infection and reinfection status after *** A total of 984 schoolchildren infected with at least one type of STH parasite(hookworm,Ascaris lumbri-coides,Trichuris trichiura)in southern Ethiopia were enrolled and received albendazole and praziquantel in MDA campaign conducted from January to March *** exams at week-4 and at week-8 of post-MDA were done using Kato Katz *** primary outcome was effcacy assessed by cure rate(CR)and fecal egg reduction rates(ERRs)at four weeks of *** secondary outcome was reinfection status defined as parasite egg positivity at eight weeks among those who were cured at 4 weeks of *** comparisons in CR and related factors were assessed with chi-square or Fisher's exact *** of CR were examined through univariate and multi-variate regression *** The overall CR and ERR for hookworm infection were 97.2%(95%CI:94.6-99.4)and 97.02%,*** overall CR and ERR for *** were 71.5%(95%CI:68.3-74.6)and 84.5% *** overall CR and ERR and for *** were 49.5%(95%CI:44.8-54.2)and 68.3%,*** CR among moderate *** infec-tion intensity was 28.6%.Among children cured of hookworm,*** and *** at week 4 post-MDA,4.6%,18.3% and 52.4% became reinfected at week-8 post-MDA,*** lower CR(36.6%)and higher reinfection after cure(60.6%)among *** and *** coinfected children than *** only(CR=69.6%,reinfection rate=15.1%)or *** only infected children(CR=55.6%,reinfection rate=47.1%)was obse

关键词： Soil transmitted helminths Neglected tropical diseases Preventive chemotherapy Albendazole School age children Ethiopia

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In vitro vasodilatory effect of aqueous leaf extract of Thymus serrulatus on thoracic aorta of Guinea pigs

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第1期5卷 15-18页

作者： Bekesho Geleta Mebrahtu eyasu Selamu Kebamo Asfaw Debella eyasu makonnen Abiy Abebe Directorate of Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Ethiopian Public Health Institute St.Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College Department of Pharmacology Wollega University Department of Pharmacology Addis Ababa University College of Health SciencesSchool of MedicineDepartment of Pharmacology

Objective:To investigate the vasodilatory effecl of Thymus serrulatus(***) aqueous leaf extract on KCl(high K^+.80 mmol/L) induced precontracted isolated thoracic aorta rings on guinea pigs and the role of aorta endothelium on this ***:Guinea pig thoracic aorta was removed and placed in an organ bath containing Krebs-Henseleit solution and aorta contractions were recorded ***:The results revealed that *** aqueous leaf extract(0.5-5 mg/mL)significantly(P<0.001) reduced KCl-induced contractions of guinea pig thoracic aorta in both intact(n=5) and denuded(n=5) endothelium in a concentration dependent manner,and the vasodilatory effect of the extract on intact endothelium was significantly(P<0.05) higher than that on denuded ***(10 μmol/L) significantly(P<0.001) increased the vasodilatory effect of extract in intact endothelium as compared to methylene blue(10μmol/L).atropine(10 μmol/L) and indomethacin(10 μmol/L).The effecl was more obvious on intact than that on denuded ***:The present findings demonstrate that *** aqueous leaf extract has vasodilator)' activity which might result in antihypertensive effect and its vasodilatory effect is *** might support the traditional claim of the plant in hypertensive.

关键词： Thymus serrulatus Guinea pig Aqueous extract Endothelium Organ bath Vasodilatory effect

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Evaluation of berries of Phytolacca dodecandra for growth inhibition of Histoplasma capsulatum *** and treatment of cases of epizootic lymphangitis in Ethiopia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第7期2卷 505-510页

作者： Negesse Mekonnen eyasu makonnen Nigatu Aklilu Gobena Ameni Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineAddis Ababa University Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University Society for the Protection of Animals Abroad(SPANA) School of Veterinary MedicineAddis Ababa University

Objective:To evaluate the berries of Phytolacca dodecundra(***) for its effect on Histoplasma cupsulatum ***(HCF) and for the treatment of cases of epizootic lymphangitis(***:Samples were collected from un-ruptured nodules of cases of EL at Debre Zeit and Akaki(central Ethiopia).Mycologieal culture and isolation of HCF were performed at the Akliln Lemma Institute of *** screening was done for n-butanol extract of *** to delect alkaloids,saponins,phenolic compounds and *** minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations(MFCs) ol aqueous and n-butanol extracts of *** against FICF were determined by agar dilution *** the in vivo trial.5%simple ointment was prepared from n-butanol extract and applied topically to 24(twelve early and twelve moderate) cases of ***:Phytochemical screening showed that n-butanol extract ol *** was positive lor *** and phenolic compounds but negative for *** MFCs of n-butanol and aqueous extracts of *** were(0.039%-0.078%) and(0.625%-1.250%),*** MFCs of n-butanol and aqueous extracts of *** were(0.078%t-0.156%)and(1.250%-2.500%),*** MIC and MFC of ketoconazole(positive control) was(1.200×10^(-5)%-2.500×10^(-5)%) and(5.000× 10^(-5)%-1.000×10^(-4)%),respectively while growth was observed on free medium(negative control).From the total of 24 treated cases of EL,14(58.3%) responded lo treatment;however,10(41.7%) did not respond to *** was no significant difference in the degree of response to treatment between early and moderate cases(χ~2=0.086:P=***:It can be concluded that n-butanol extract of *** demonstrates antifungal effects while the aqueous extract shows no antifungal activity.

关键词： Epizootic lymphangitis Phytolacca dodecandra Histoplasma capsulatum var.farciminosum Minimum inhibitory concentration Minimum fungicidal concentration Phytochemical screening Antifungal activity Agar dilution assay Mycological culture In vivo trial Contagious disease Chronic disease Lymphangitis

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Antihyperglycemic and subchronic toxicity study of Moringa stenopetala leaves in mice

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第3期 214-221页

作者： Tesemma Sileshi eyasu makonnen Asfaw Debella Birhanu Tesfaye Department of Pharmacy College of Medicine and Health ScienceAmbo UniversityPO Box 19AmboEthiopia Addis Ababa University School of MedicinePO Box 9080Addis AbabaEthiopia Ethiopian Nutrition and Health Research Institute(ENHRI) PO Box 1242Addis AbabaEthiopia

Objective:To evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity and subchronic toxicity of an extract ofMoringa stenopetala(***)leaves in ***:Antihyperglycemic activities of various solvent subfractions and chromatographic fractions were investigated in alloxan induced diabetic *** fractions were administered intragastrically using oral gavage at a dose of 500 mg/*** the subchronic toxicity investigation of the 70%ethanol extract of *** leaves,a daily dose of 300 or 600 mg/kg body weight was administered to mice over 96 *** hematological and plasma biochemical parameters were measured as indices of organ specific *** phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity investigation was done using thin layer chromatography ***:Among the solvent subfractions of the 70%ethanol extract tested only butanol subfraction exhibited significant reduction of blood glucose level(P<0.05)at 2 h(53.44%)and 4.5 h(46.34%)in diabetic mice and it was further fractionated *** resulted in isolation of three chromatographic fractions(fraction 1,2,and 3)which exhibited maximal blood glucose reduction(P<0.01)at 6 h(77.2%),at 4.5 h(69.1%)and at 4.5 h(71.96%)after ***,these fractions exhibited comparable antioxidant activity,and preliminary phytochemical screening indicated the presence of phenolic compounds which may be phenolic glycoside in all *** subchronic toxicity study of the 70%ethanol extract of *** leaves revealed that there were no significant differences in body weight,between controls and treated *** analysis showed no differences in most parameters ***,it did not significantly affect plasma creatinine,urea,cholesterol,triglycerides and CA125 *** also did not significantly affect the plasma T3,T4 and THS ***,however,caused a significant dose-dependent increases in aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline *** p

关键词： Moringa stenopetala Diabetes mellitus Antihyperglycemic effect Mice Subchronic toxicity

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