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Socio-ecological vulnerability to climate change/variability in central rift valley,Ethiopia

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第1期10卷 9-20页

作者： Zenebe MEKONNEN teshale WOLDEAMANUEL habtemariam KASSA Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa UniversityShashemeneEthiopia Forests and Livelihoods Research Centre for International Forest Research(CIFOR)Addis AbabaEthiopia

Climate change/variability and environmental degradation have increased in the central rift valley of Ethiopia,which in turn making the people inhabiting in that ecosystem more vulnerable to the *** purposes of this study were to assess the vulnerability of households andagro-ecosystems to climate change and environmental degradation and the factors determining vulnerabilities in the central rift valley,*** were collected between November 2014 and May 2015 by interviewing 355 *** has been supplemented with focus group discussions and key informant *** indicator and matrix methods were used to describe socio-ecological *** resultsshowed that about 9%of the respondents were highly vulnerable to climate change/variability,and environmental *** in the lowland have the largest proportion of high vulnerable households(60%),while households in highland have the largest proportion of low vulnerable households(30%).In the lowland agro-ecology,the adaptive capacity component has contributed the largest share to household's vulnerability index to the impacts of climate change/variability and environmental *** sensitivity component has higer contribution in highland agro-ecology and the exposure component in the midland *** were variations of income deviation between agro-ecologies that lead to variation in vulnerability of *** vulnerability index has shown a very light negative correlation with livelihood diversification *** poorest households with little share of the total income distribution and with low livelihood diversity index,were the most *** results showed that the highest exposure index on ecosystem functions and agricultural performance were in the lowland *** study highlighted the need to assess the social and ecological vulnerabilities in integrated approach as singling out one from the other is *** is,s

关键词： Adaptive capacity Vulnerability Exposure Impacts Ecosystem services Sensitivity

Prevalence and risks of soil transmitted helminths among Ethiopian school children:A cross-sectional study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第3期15卷 121-127页

作者： Abebe Fenta Bewket Mesganaw Feven Belachew Getachew teshale Gashaw Abebaw Elias Tesfa Getaye Alemayehu Department of Medical Laboratory Science Health Science CollegeDebre Markos UniversityDebre MarkosEthiopia

Objective:To assess the prevalence and associated factors of soil transmitted helminths(SThs)among Endemata primary school in North West Ethiopia,***:A cross-sectional study with 195 school children was conducted from May to July 2021 at Endemata primary *** study participants were selected by using systematic random sampling *** samples were processed via direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration *** was entered by Epi-Dara version 3.1 and data analysis was done using SPSS version *** were considered to be statistically significant if Phe overall prevalence of SThs was 10.8%(95%CI 7.1-16.0).The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides,hookworm and Trichuris trichiura were 5.6%(95%CI 3.1-9.9),3.1%(95%CI 1.3-6.7)and 2.1%(95%CI 0.6-5.3),*** 1-4 students were more likely to get infected with SThs as compared to grade 5-8 students(adjusted OR 4.7,95%CI 1.3-16.6).Students who did not have latrines at their home were at higher risk to develop SThs infection comparing with those who had latrine at their home(adjusted OR 5.0,95%CI 1.7-15.2).Similarly,the school children who did not wear shoes were more likely to be infected by STh parasite than those who did it(adjusted OR 6.3,95%CI 1.9-20.7).The odds of being infected by STh parasites in children who did not trim their fingernails were 4.9 as compared to those who did it(adjusted OR 4.9,95%CI 1.5-15.7).Conclusions:The prevalence of SThs among Endemata primary school children was *** grade level,latrine availability,shoes wear and nail status were significantly associated with SThs ***,we recommend policy makers and stakeholders to follow the integration of deworming with water,hygiene and sanitation as well as the consistent health education of school children to control and prevent STh infections.

关键词： Soil transmitted helminths Prevalence Associated factors School children Ethiopia

Genetic Variation for Achene Traits in Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatumL.)

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Open Journal of Genetics 2015年第2期5卷 71-82页

作者： teshale Assefa Jixiang Wu Arvid Boe Iowa State University Ames USA South Dakota State University Brookings USA

Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) has demonstrated potential for biomass production in studies using transplants in poorly drained cropland not suitable for conventional crops, but little is known about its establishment from seeding. The success rate for stand establishment of perennial plants is usually positively correlated with seed weight. Therefore, objectives of this study were to determine contribution of genetic effects to variation in achene weight, seed weight, achene length, and achene width of cup plant in a population with high biomass potential. Seedlings of 33 half-sib (hS) families were transplanted at Brookings, SD in 1999 and 2010. Achene/seed traits were determined at seed maturity in 2000, 2011 and 2012. Narrow-sense heritability was higher for achene weight and seed weight than that for dimensional achene traits. Within-population genetic variation occurred for achene and seed weight, both of which varied in response to temporal variation in precipitation and temperature. Results of this study indicated the presence of sufficient additive genetic variation for progress from among-family selection for achene weight. Thus, since families with heavy achenes had higher percent seedling emergence and superior seedling vigor compared to families with light achenes, achene weight may be useful for indirect selection for enhanced seed quality in development of new cultivars of cup plant for biomass production on marginal crop land.

关键词： Cup Plant Achene Traits heritability Seedling Vigor Seed Germination

Response of haricot Bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) to Irrigation Frequency and Intra Row Spacing at Arba Minch, Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第6期11卷 540-551页

作者： teshale Wube Amare Girma Parshotam Datt Sharma Arba Minch Agricultural Research Center Arba Minch Ethiopia Plant Science Department College of Agricultural Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia

Optimizing irrigation frequency and intra row spacing for specific environment is one the major agronomic practices to improve productivity of haricot bean. hence, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation frequency and intra row spacing on growth, nodulation and agronomic performance of haricot bean at Arba Minch during dry season of 2018/19. The treatments consisted of three levels of irrigation frequency based on IW/CPE ratio (0.5, 0.67 and 1.0) with irrigation depth of 60 mm and three intra row spacing (6, 10 and 14 cm) which were factorially arranged in split plot design with three replications. Data were collected on phenological, nodulation, growth, yield and yield related parameters of the crop. The measured parameters were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS software version 9.0. Among the measured parameters, plant height, pod number per plant, dry matter and seed yield were significantly influenced by interaction effect of the treatments. The maximum seed yield (2873.7 kg ha−1) was recorded with interaction effect of irrigation at IW/CPE of 1 and intra row spacing of 10 cm. As for economic analysis, the same treatment combination also resulted in the highest net benefit (11254.1 Ethiopian Birr ha−1) and marginal rate of return (422.1%). Therefore, it could be concluded that irrigating haricot bean at IW/CPE ratio of 1 and planting at 10 cm intra row spacing could maximize both seed yield and economic benefit of the crop in the study area.

关键词： haricot Bean Irrigation Frequency Intra-Row Spacing Parshall Flume

不完全城市化对农民的影响及对策 ——以塞贝塔镇为例

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不完全城市化对农民的影响及对策 ——以塞贝塔镇为例

作者： LEMU teshale GULUMA 北京交通大学

学位级别：硕士

城市化在许多方面是一种自发的现象,它最终将农地转化为城市,它可能是不完全城市化对农民的影响及其对策——以塞贝塔镇为例。本研究旨在探讨城市化不完全对塞贝塔镇边缘区农民的影响及对策。在描述性研究方法的基础上,本研究将采用定... 详细信息

城市化在许多方面是一种自发的现象,它最终将农地转化为城市,它可能是不完全城市化对农民的影响及其对策——以塞贝塔镇为例。本研究旨在探讨城市化不完全对塞贝塔镇边缘区农民的影响及对策。在描述性研究方法的基础上,本研究将采用定性和定量相结合的方法。采用系统随机抽样和非随机抽样技术,对117户居民进行入户调查。主要数据将通过问卷调查、访谈、观察和焦点小组讨论等方式通过调查研究策略收集,第二部分将来自不同的书面和文件来源。此外,定量数据采用频率和百分比等描述性统计进行分析;定性数据采用叙事分析进行分析。研究结果表明,塞贝塔镇的扩展对农户周边地区的经济和社会文化都带来了负面影响。另一方面,城市化进程缺乏参与性,拆迁户在补偿金额和补偿种类的确定上没有讨价还价的机会。迄今为止提供的补偿和一揽子计划并没有限制对被征收外围农民的征收后续行动和恢复支持。一般来说,未来可能提出的城市化、征收和补偿方案需要充分涉及到农户的边远地区,补偿应在实物和金额上进行修订,包括康复支持、技能发展培训和征收后的后续行动。

关键词：城镇化周边农户搬迁补偿土地利用/土地覆盖变化

Evaluating the Performance of hEC-hMS and SWAT hydrological Models in Simulating the Rainfall-Runoff Process for Data Scarce Region of Ethiopian Rift Valley Lake Basin

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Open Journal of Modern hydrology 2020年第4期10卷 105-122页

作者： Mohammedreshid A. Aliye Alemu O. Aga teshale Tadesse Petros Yohannes College of Engineering and Technology Bule Hora University Bule Hora Oromia Region Ethiopia hawasa Institute of Technology Hawasa University Hawasa Ethiopia

A number of physically-based and distributed watershed models have been developed to model the hydrology of the watershed. For a specific watershed, selecting the most suitable hydrological model is necessary to obtain good simulated results. In this study, two hydrologic models, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and hydrological Engineering Centre-The Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), were applied to predict streamflow in Katar River basin, Ethiopia. The performances of these two models were compared in order to select the right model for the study basin. Both models were calibrated and validated with stream flow data of 11 years (1990-2000) and 7 years (2001-2007) respectively. Nash-Sutcliffe Error (NSE) and Coefficient of Determination (R2) were used to evaluate efficiency of the models. The results of calibration and validation indicated that, for river basin Katar, both models could simulate fairly well the streamflow. SWAT gave the model performance with the R2 > 0.78 and NSE > 0.67;and the HEC-HMS model provided the model performance with the R2 > 0.87 and NSE > 0.73. Hence, the simulated streamflow given by the HEC-HMS model is more satisfactory than that provided by the SWAT model.

关键词： hEC-hMS SWAT Katar River Basin Peak Flow Rainfall-Runoff Simulation

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命名数据网络中缓存替换策略有效性分析

命名数据网络中缓存替换策略有效性分析

作者： hunsoro teshale Abebe（特沙乐）北京交通大学

学位级别：硕士

随着面向应用的内容的出现和发展,要求Internet的主要功能能够实现大规模高效的数据分发。然而当前互联网主机通信模式限制了数据分发的效率。因此,未来网络或下一代网络领域的一些研究人员提出了各种新的革命性的以信息为中心的网络架... 详细信息

随着面向应用的内容的出现和发展,要求Internet的主要功能能够实现大规模高效的数据分发。然而当前互联网主机通信模式限制了数据分发的效率。因此,未来网络或下一代网络领域的一些研究人员提出了各种新的革命性的以信息为中心的网络架构,其中最具代表性的包括命名数据网络(NDN)。NDN具有接收者或请求者驱动主机到网络通信模式,并实现基于Pull的分组级数据分发。但是,对于实时流媒体数据应用(如实时视频和网络直播),它会使需要该内容的用户连续发送兴趣包,并且必须正确发送这些包以确保实时。随着数据包生成速率的增加,用户控制这些兴趣包的发送时间将变得更加困难,并且还会导致巨大的运行开销和路由器资源的浪费。新的NDN架构的成功需要广泛的社区参与和承诺。NDN已经获得了势头,有学术界和工业界的参与。增量部署的意图要求证明NDN可以解决TCP/IP解决方案存在问题或不存在的现实世界问题。NDN团队还维护NDN协议堆栈,模拟器和测试平台的开源实现,以促进测试和更广泛的社区参与。NDN可以运行任何可以转发数据报(以太网,Wi-Fi,蓝牙,蜂窝,IP,TCP等)的东西,任何可以在NDN上运行的东西,包括IP。NDN可以简单地运行它,而不是试图替换或更改已部署的IP基础架构。NDN还可以利用互联网经过数十年发展的经过充分测试的工程解决方案,如约定,策略和命名和路由管理实践。数据包具有唯一的名称,并根据数据包名称查找结果进行路由。在NDN网络中有两种类型的分组,兴趣分组和数据分组。如果用户想要一些内容,用户将发送兴趣包来表达请求。数据包已用于回复具有适当内容的兴趣包。NDN路由器能够缓存一定数量的转发数据包。当到达路由器的传入兴趣包并且路由器具有请求的内容时;它可以立即将内容发送回客户端,而不是将请求一直转发到服务器。此功能可能会节省网络中的大量带宽。NDN体系结构应支持全球唯一,人类可读,安全且与位置无关的名称。因此,主要的问题是开发一种能够满足所有这些要求的命名机制。目前现有的命名方法,如平面,层次和属性值支持一些要求。平面名称提供了唯一性,并且不会产生找到最长前缀匹配的开销。平面名称自我认证,易于使用高度可扩展的结构进行处理,如DhT。但是,平面名称不支持名称聚合。因此,使用平面名称会增加路由表大小并降低网络可伸缩性。但是,没有具体的研究是否可以提供所需的性能。分层名称是人性化的,并支持名称聚合。因此,它将路由表大小和更新时间降至最低,并使网络具有可扩展性。但是,由于名称聚合,分层名称不完全支持持久性。与在NDN中一样,内容名称(CN)显式显示内容属性。命名数据的优点是没有地址的网络,利用多个接口。安全的数据包可以缓存到任何地方,并支持ad hoc移动和DTN网络。在网络空间中,所有东西都可以视为有名的安全袋。内容缓存在命名数据网络(NDN)中发挥了至关重要的作用。缓存节点的内容存储(CS)中的内容与IP路由器中的缓冲存储器类似;但是,IP路由器在转发后不能重用数据包。命名数据链路状态路由(NLSR)是NDN的路由协议。由于NDN使用名称来标识和检索数据,因此NLSR将名称前缀而不是IP前缀的可达性传播。NLSR使用兴趣/数据包传播路由更新,直接受益于NDN的数据有效性。传统网络也受益于以信息为中心的网络技术,即内容交付网络,旨在高效快速地分发内容。在NDN缓存有以下几个好处。缓存其他节点产生的内容有助于将内容与其制作者分离。此外,它还减少了制作方的开销,并通过在网络中提供相同内容的多个副本从而避免单点故障。在由于数据包丢失而导致多播或重传的情况下,有助于实现动态内容的提供。在NDN中,根据底层缓存策略将内容从其内容存储库(CS)中取代。NDN网络中的每个路由器都可以缓存单个数据包。每个节点都附带一个内容存储库,该存储库具有一个附加策略,用于确定如何替换内容存储库中的项常见策略包括LRU(最近最少使用),FIFO(先入先出)和随机(RND)。在目前的NDN研究中,LRU是最常采用的缓存策略,因为观察到大约一半的数据包级别的缓存益处发生在前10秒。缓存替换策略ndnSIM的开发使用NFD的CS实现,因此可以创建新的缓存替换策略。用户需要扩展NFD的策略类来实现当新数据包被插入到CS中时调用的新的回调,从CS中删除现有的数据包,并且在查找匹配后将要返回数据包。在NDN中,缓存替换策略用于为新的最受欢迎的内容创造机会,并从缓存中移除不太受欢迎的内容。在路由器的处理能力和高速缓存替换策略的复杂性之间有一个折衷。由于路由器的处理限制,这些策略必须较为复杂。缓存策略如LRU,FIFO和RND的有效性2估旨在提高基于不同参数的缓存性能。现有研究致力于设计缓存分配机制,而没有研究缓存替换机制的有效性。在高度动态的网络中,内容优先级在应用程序性能中起着重要作用。与低

关键词：命名数据网络内容中心网络缓存替换策略缓存命中率

Line ×Tester Analysis of Tropical high Land Maize (Zea maysL.) Inbred Lines Top Crossed with Three East African Maize Populations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第2期8卷 126-136页

作者： teshale Assefa habtamu Zeleke Thumasi Afriye Paul Otyama Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Ames IA USA Melkassa Agricultural Research Center Nazreth Ethiopia Department of Plant Science Haramaya University Haramaya Ethiopia International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Global Maize Program Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Maize breeding efforts to generate high yielding and adaptive cultivars have recently been given emphasis by national maize breeding program. In Ethiopia, the maize production system is mainly dominated by subsistence farmers where their production is below average. The objectives of this study were to determine the combining ability between lines and testers, and to evaluate the performance of crosses (hybrids) and parents for grain yield and yield component traits. Twenty-seven inbred lines were generated by crossing nine female lines (L1-L9) and three male testers (T1-T3) using line × tester mating system at International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), East African high land maize improvement program. The inbred lines along with parents were evaluated in randomized complete block design with two replications at three locations (Ambo, Kulumsa and haramaya). Significant differences were observed among genotypes for all ten traits considered. Eight crosses (L1 × T2, L1 × T3, L3 × T3, L8 × T1, L4 × T2, L9 × T1, L2 × T1, and L2 × T2) had higher yield performance compared to other crosses across environments. Significant mean square differences were found across locations for general combining ability (GCA) due to lines for all traits except for number of kernel rows per ear, whereas GCA due to testers were significant only for grain yield, ear length and 1000-seed weight. Significant mean square due to GCA × Loc (both for lines and testers) was found for days to maturity (38.71*), 1000-seed weight (4582.36**) and grain yield (2756777**), while significant SCA × Loc interaction was found for all traits except number of kernel rows per ear (1.07), ear length (0.79) and ear diameter (0.12), suggesting that the importance of additive and non-additive gene effects in controlling these characters.

关键词： Maize Line Tester Combing Ability Crosses

Genetic Variation for Biomass and Related Morphological Traits in Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatumL.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 1098-1108页

作者： teshale Assefa Jixiang Wu Kenneth A. Albrecht Paul J. Johnson Arvid Boe Plant Science Department South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA

Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) has demonstrated potential for bioenergy production in North America, South America, and Europe. Our objectives were to: 1) determine genetic variation and narrow-sense heritability for biomass and related morphological traits, and 2) identify half-sib families with superior biomass yield and potential for use in cultivar development in cup plant. Thirty three half-sib families and a check were evaluated at two locations in 2011, 2012, and 2013. Annual biomass yield at Brookings ranged from 2183 kg·ha-1 in 2012 to 8053 kg·ha-1 in 2013;whereas, yields at Arlington were similar among years. Mean individual half-sib family biomass yield ranged from 3912 to 6784 kg·ha-1 at Brookings and from 5682 to 11,269 kg·ha-1 at Arlington. heritability estimates for five biomass-related morphological traits ranged from 0.52 to 0.72. This cup plant population had potential for biomass production in the north central USA and contained sufficient additive genetic variation to expect progress from among-and-within-family selection for biomass yield and related traits.

关键词： Cup Plant half-Sib Families heritability