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Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher j.O’Connell Matthew j.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA james L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

Chromized Layers Produced on Steel Surface by Means of CVD

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 807-809页

作者： KASPRZYCKA ewa BOGDA■SKI Bogdan jEZIORSKI Leopold jASI■SKI józef TORBUS Roman Institute of Precision Mechanics Warsaw PolandInstitute of Precision Mechanics Warsaw PolandInstitute of Materials Engineering Czestochowa University of Technology PolandInstitute of Materials Engineering Czestochowa University of Technology PolandInstitute of Materials Engineering Czestochowa University of Technology Poland

Chemical vapour deposition of chromium on the surface of carbon steel has been investigated using a novel CVD method that combines the low cost of pack cementation method with advantages of vacuum technique. The processes have been performed in chromium chlorides atmosphere at a low pressure range from 1 to 800 hPa, the treatment temperature 800 to 950°C. Studies of the layers thickness, the phase composition, Cr, C and Fe depth profiles in diffusion zone have been conducted. The effect of the vacuum level during the process and the process parameters such as time and temperature on layer diffusion growth on the carbon steel surface has been investigated.

关键词：扩散层热化学处理扩散镀铬碳化物层 CVD

The break-up tendency of long rod projectiles

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 177-187页

作者： ewa LIDéN Andreas HELTE FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency

A model for the tendency of fragmentation of a long rod projectile subjected to armour components in add-on armours such as reactive armour and active protection systems is presented. The model is based on studies of the interaction between a cylindrical streamlined projectile and moving thin plates(backwards moving like the front plate in a reactive armour panel and forwards moving like the rear plate in a reactive armour panel).The assumption behind the model is that the sliding force, with velocity vslidebetween the projectile and the plate, gives rise to a transverse velocity vtransof the projectile segment it passes, which will deflect the projectile segment. This deflection is assumed to be a major reason for the fractures that can emerge along the projectile. The velocity, geometry and material of the projectile and the plate are of importance for the fragmentation of the projectile and the dimensionless parameterδ? = v trans vslideexpresses how these parameters influence the break-up tendency. Experiments and simulations have verified that the identifiedδ?-parameter predicts an increased amount of fragmentation of the projectile with increasing value of this parameter.

关键词：长杆弹破裂反应装甲趋势模型主动防护系统横向速度无量纲参数附加装甲

Temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries on magnetic resonance imaging

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3144-3150页

作者： Holly Flyger Samantha j.Holdsworth Alistair j.Gunn Laura Bennet Hamid Abbasi Mātai Medical Research Institute Tairāwhiti GisborneNew Zealand Department of Anatomy&Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Center for Brain Research The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Auckland Bioengineering Institute The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Moderate to severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs in~1 to 3/1000 live births in high-income countries and is associated with a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental *** assessment is important to help identify highrisk infants,to help families,and to support appropriate interventions.A wide range of monitoring tools is available to assess changes over time,including urine and blood biomarkers,neurological examination,and *** present,magnetic resonance imaging is unique as although it is expensive and not suited to monitoring the early evolution of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by a week of life it can provide direct insight into the anatomical changes in the brain after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and so offers strong prognostic information on the long-term outcome after hypoxic-ischemic *** review investigated the temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries,with a particular emphasis on exploring the correlation between the prognostic implications of magnetic resonance imaging scans in the first week of life and their relationship to long-term outcome prediction,particularly for infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia.A comprehensive literature search,from 2016 to 2024,identified 20 pertinent *** review highlights that while the optimal timing of magnetic resonance imaging scans is not clear,overall,it suggests that magnetic resonance imaging within the first week of life provides strong prognostic *** challenges limit the timing consistency,particularly the need for intensive care and clinical ***,although most reports examined the prognostic value of scans taken between 4 and 10 days after birth,there is evidence from small numbers of cases that,at times,brain injury may continue to evolve for weeks after *** suggests that in the future it will be important to explore a wider range of times after hypo

关键词： magnetic resonance imaging neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy neurodevelopmental outcomes prognostic biomarkers in neuroimaging scan timing therapeutic hypothermia

Effects of Rhodiola rosea supplementation on mental performance,physical capacity,and oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy men

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第4期7卷 473-480页

作者： ewa jòwko jerzy Sadowski Barbara Dlugolecka Dariusz Gierczuk Benedykt Opaszowski Igor Cieslinski Department of Physiology and Biochemistry Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biala PodlaskaJòzef Pitsudski University of Physical Education in WarsawBiala Podlaska 21-500Poland Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biala Podlaska Jòzef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in WarsawBiala Podlaska 21-500Poland Department of Endocrinology Institute of Sport in WarsawWarsaw 01-982Poland Corresponding author.E-mail address：ewa.jowko@awf-bp.edu.pl

Purpose： The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic Rhodiola rosea （R. rosea） supplementation on mental and physical performance, as well as hormonal and oxidative stress biomarkers. Methods： Twenty-six healthy male students received either R. rosea extract （600 mg/day; RR） or placebo （PL） in a randomized double-blind trial. Prior to supplementation （Term I） and following 4 weeks of supplementation （Term II）, the students underwent psychomotor tests for simple and choice reaction time, included in the Vienna Test System. Also, the subjects performed VO2peak test. Blood samples were obtained before and after the test to measure the hormonal profile （cortisol, testosterone, and growth hormone）, as well as the biomarkers of oxidative stress （lipid hydroperoxides, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase） and muscle damage （creatine kinase）. Results： R. rosea ingestion shortened reaction time and total response time. Moreover, a greater relative increase in the number of correct responses was observed in RR group as compared to the PL group. No changes in endurance exercise capacity and hormonal profile were observed after R. rosea ingestion. R. rosea ingestion raised plasma total antioxidant capacity. It did not, however, affect other measured parameters. Conclusion： Chronic R. rosea ingestion does not affect physical performance, but can improve the results of some psychomotor tests （simple and choice reaction time） in young, healthy, and physically active men. The improvements in mental performance, however, at least in our study, seem not to be related to changes in cortisol release or antioxidant activity of R. rosea extract. Thus, the specific mechanisms responsible for these effects still need to be elucidated.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

关键词： Cortisol Endurance capacity Incremental exercise Men Oxidative stress Simple and choice reaction time Testosterone

Trends in the indices of precipitation phases under current warming in Poland,1966e2020

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第1期14卷 97-115页

作者： ewa B.ŁUPIKASZA Łukasz MAŁARZEWSKI Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Earth SciencesUniversity of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice 40-007Poland

In Poland the phase in which precipitation occurs impacts the availability of water in its reservoirs,the potential for hydrological droughts,snowfall flooding and winter *** influence of warming on the occurrence of precipitation phases on the Polish scale has not been studied so *** on data from 42 synoptic stations for the period 1966-2020,this study discusses trends in the indices of liquid(Lq),mixed(Mx)and solid(Sd)precipitation describing their totals(T),frequencies(Nd)and contribution to overall precipitation totals(T%)and a number of days with overall precipitation(Nd%)from a seasonal ***,the influence of seasonal and daily air temperatures on longterm variability in the precipitation phase indices was *** precipitation phase was discriminated based on the observations of weather phenomena noted as current and past weather considering days with precipitation0.1 *** phases significantly reacted to current *** strongest and widespread were increasing trends in rains(+1.74 for LqNd,+5.35 mm for LqT,+3.51%for LqNd%,+4.08%for LqT%per decade)and decreasing trends in snowfalls(-1.92 for SdNd,-3.12 mm for SdT,-3.65%for SdNd%,-3.26%for SdT%per decade)in winter when the warming was weakest but average temperature was close to freezing *** winter,air temperature explained 60%e80%of the variance in the frequency of snowfall and *** air temperature>-2℃ contributed to trends in winter rainfall while daily air temperature>1C most contributed to trends in winter *** trends in winter mixed precipitation were due to opposite changes in its frequency above and below 1℃.In spring,the increase in a liquid phase was due more to the melting of a solid and mixed phase,while in autumn,it was due more to the transformation of a mixed phase into a liquid *** spring,air temperature explained at most 30%-50%of the variance in the indices of snowfall *** trends in mixed precipit

关键词： Snowfall Rainfall Precipitation trends Central Europe

Succinite, Baltic Amber:A Chemical Masterpiece of Nature

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宝石和宝石学杂志（中英文） 2023年第4期25卷 69-87页

作者： ewa Wagner-Wysiecka Department of Chemistry and Technology of Functional Materials Faculty of ChemistryGdańsk University of TechnologyNarutowicza Street 11/1280-233 GdańskPoland Advanced Materials Center Faculty of ChemistryGdańsk University of TechnologyNarutowicza Street 11/1280-233 GdańskPoland International Amber Association Warzywnicza Street 180-838 GdańskPoland

Succinite,Baltic amber,is one of the most appreciated fossil *** beauty has fascinated people since prehistoric *** is a substance,and also gemstone,whose uniqueness is due to its compelling,though still not fully understood,physicochemical *** this article,some facts about the physical and chemical properties of succinite in order to find an answer for questions about the unique properties of this resin,such as color,transparency,texture etc.,are *** properties are among the factors that determine the choice of Baltic amber as a *** known properties of succinite,but also some less obvious features,have been linked to the organic and inorganic chemical composition and structural factors,including the sophisticated supramolecular structure masterfully created by *** of the properties of succinite used as a jewelry stone are discussed as a reflection of changes in its physicochemical *** this light,some methods that can be used to identify succinite(i.e.,infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy)and their relevance to the classification of fossil resins are briefly *** article highlights an important point:only by understanding the chemical and physical nature of the material we able to identify,modify and effectively use the goods that have been given to us by mother nature.

关键词： Baltic amber succinite chemical composition property

Diffusion Carbide Layers, Formed on the Surface of Steel in the Vacuum Titanizing Process

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 646-648页

作者： KASPRZYCKA ewa SENATORSKI jan NAKONIECZNY Aleksander BABUL Tomasz Institute of Precision Mechanics Warsaw PolandInstitute of Precision Mechanics Warsaw PolandInstitute of Precision Mechanics Warsaw PolandInstitute of Precision Mechanics Warsaw Poland

Diffusion layers produced on carbon steel surface in vacuum titanizing process were investigated. Studies of layers thickness, their morphology, titanium, carbon and iron concentration depth profiles in the diffusion zone of titanized layers were carried out. The effect of process parameters such as time and temperature on the kinetics of layer growth on steel surface was investigated. Tribocorrosion resistance of titanized layers was determined.

关键词：扩散层热化学处理真空镀钛耐蚀性抗磨损性

Fine root morphology and soil properties under influence of different tree stands along an altitudinal climosequence in the Carpathian mountains

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第5期9卷 692-700页

作者： Karolina Staszel ewa Błonska jarosław Lasota Department of Ecology and Silviculture Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow29 Listopada 46 Str31-425KrakowPoland

In an era of climate change, understanding the factors that impact root systems can improve our understanding of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. The study objective was to determine the impact of climatic conditions on the biomass and morphology of roots of different tree species along an elevation gradient, and consequently on properties of montane forest soils. The study plots were established at three different elevations(600, 800 and1000 m a.s.l.) along a slope with an inclination of 15°. The research plots were located in a beech stand(Fagus sylvatica L.) and fir stand(Abies alba Mill.). Soil samples were collected from each study plot, for which basic physical and chemical properties were determined. Additionally, we determined the morphology, production and decomposition rate of fine roots. Our analyses confirmed the significance of climatic conditions in the formation of soil properties, in particular the amount of accumulated carbon and nitrogen content. A decrease of root biomass and reduced root growth were recorded with increasing elevation. The characteristics of roots were linked with the properties of the studied mountain soils, in particular p H, alkaline cation content and content of selected micronutrients. Limitation of root growth in higher elevations affected both study species. Additional research into the formation of tree root morphology is needed, especially in mountainous regions where changes may occur more dynamically. This will provide a better understanding of how stands can cope with different types of environmental stress.

关键词： Beech Fir Forest ecosystem Root biomass Soil properties