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Globalization, Scientific Lexicons, and the Future of Biology

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自然科学史研究 2005年第B7期24卷 23-30页

作者： evelyn Fox Keller MIT USA

1 Biology for the 21 st Century In a recent article in the New York Times (3/23/05), reporting on yet another upset to received views of the ways in which cells make use of their DNA, a prominent geneticist is quoted as remarking, “biologists have gotten used to the unexpected.’’ Indeed, they have, as indeed, they have had *** the last few years, our understanding of molecular and developmental genetics has mutated dramatically in response to ever more complex analyses of ever more abundant and more complex data. The arrival of a new kind of biology,‘Systems Biology’, has been heralded by the technical journals, by the popular media, and by the formation of new departments, institutes, and programs. Across the USA and much of the rest of the modern world, major efforts are now underway to revamp the educational curriculum of biology programs in order to better prepare future biologists for the challenges they are expected to *** of the requisite revisions are obvious: in recognition of the new role that computational and mathematical techniques are beginning to play in the life sciences, today’s biology students need substantial training in skills that have traditionally had no place in biology *** I suggest that new quantitative techniques are not all that are *** is required as well is a new theoretical, epistemological, and perhaps even a new linguistic framework (see Keller, 2005).

关键词：生物学生物工程细胞 DNA 基因工程

Bioequivalence Study of Diclofenac 150 mg XR: A Single-Dose, Randomized, Open Label, 2-Period Crossover Study in Healthy Adult Volunteers

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第11期11卷 23-32页

作者： evelyn Pena Alfredo Inatti Xenón Serrano Martin Department of Clinical Research Industrias Biocontrolled C.A. Caracas República Bolivariana de Venezuela

Objectives: Evaluate the bioequivalence (BE) of two oral tablets formulations of diclofenac 150 mg in healthy male subjects under fasting condition. This was a phase I, randomized, open label, balanced, two period, two sequences, single oral dose, crossover, analyst blind study. Methods: Twenty four (24) healthy subjects were randomly assigned to one of two sequences protocol: 150 mg XR of reference formulation (R), diclofenac sodium in the first period or the test formulation (T), diclofenac potassium in the second or vice versa. The plasma concentrations were determined using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters included: maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration—time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration (AUC0-t), and area under the plasma concentration—time from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞), were evaluated for BE. Results: The results showed that 90% confidence intervals for the test/reference geometric mean ratios (GMR) of Cmax (90.43 - 107.17), AUC0-t (93.08 - 116.46) and AUC0-∞ (92.52 - 117.39) were within the BE (80% - 125%) acceptance range. Conclusions: Two formulations, reference product (R) Voltaren® (diclofenac sodium) of Novartis and test product (T), Diklason Bi (diclofenac potassium) of Laboratorios Leti S.A.V., with a single dose of 150 mg XR, under fasting conditions were bioequivalent. No severe, serious or unexpected adverse events (AEs) were reported in this study.

关键词： Bioequivalence Diclofenac Pharmacokinetics

Basal cisternostomy for traumatic brain injury: A case report of unexpected good recovery

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2022年第5期25卷 302-305页

作者： Manuel De Jesus Encarnacion Ramirez Rossi evelyn Barrientos Castilo Anton Vorobiev Nikita Kiselev Amaya Alvarez Aquino Ibrahim E.Efe Department of Neurosurgery Russian People's Friendship University MoscowRussia Department of Neurosurgery Municipal HospitalPodolskRusia Department of Neurosurgery International Center for Neurological Restoration HavanaCuba Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universitat BerlinHumbold-Universitat zu BerlinAnd Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany

In subarachnoid hemorrhage following traumatic brain injury (TBI), the high intracisternal pressure drives the cerebrospinal fluid into the brain parenchyma, causing cerebral edema. Basal cisternostomy involves opening the basal cisterns to atmospheric pressure and draining cerebrospinal fluid in an attempt to reverse the edema. We describe a case of basal cisternostomy combined with decompressive craniectomy. A 35-year-old man with severe TBI following a road vehicle accident presented with acute subdural hematoma, Glasgow coma scale score of 6, fixed pupils and no corneal response. Opening of the basal cisterns and placement of a temporary cisternal drain led to immediate relaxation of the brain. The patient had a Glasgow coma scale score of 15 on postoperative day 6 and was discharged on day 10. We think basal cisternostomy is a feasible and effective procedure that should be considered in the management of TBI.

关键词： Basal cisternostomy Cerebral edema Decompressive craniectomy Neurotrauma Traumatic brain injury

Human development, social vulnerability and COVID-19 in Brazil: a study of the social determinants of health

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第4期9卷 50-59页

作者： Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza Michael Ferreira Machado Rodrigo feliciano do Carmo Department of Medicine Post-Graduation Program in Health FamilyFederal University of Alagoas(UFAL)Campus Arapiraca.Rodovia AL-115Bom SucessoArapiracaAlagoas 57309-005Brazil Postgraduate Program in Health and Biological Sciences Federal University of Vale do Sāo Francisco(UNIVASF)PetrolinaBrazil Postgraduate Program in Biosciences Federal University of Vale do Sāo Francisco(UNIVASF)PetrolinaBrazil

Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)was confirmed in Brazil in February *** then,the disease has spread throughout the country,reaching the poorest *** study analyzes the relationship between COVID-19 and the population's living *** aimed to identifysocial determinants related to the incidence,mortality,and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in Brazil,in ***:This is an ecological study evaluating the relationship between COVID-19 incidence,mortality,and case fatality rates and 49 social indicators of human development and social *** the analysis,bivariate spatial correlation and multivariate and spatial regression models(spatial lag model and spatial error models)were used,considering a 95%confidence interval and a significance level of 5%.Results:A total of 44.8%of municipalities registered confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 14.7%had *** observed that 56.2%of municipalities with confirmed cases had very low human development(COVID-19 incidence rate:59.00/100000;mortality rate:36.75/1000000),and 52.8%had very high vulnerability(COVID-19 incidence rate:41.68/100000;mortality rate:27.46/1000000).The regression model showed 17 indicators associated with transmission of COVID-19 in ***:Although COVID-19 first arrived in the most developed and least vulnerable municipalities in Brazil,it has already reached locations that are farther from large urban centers,whose populations are exposed to a context of intense social *** on these findings,it is necessary to adopt measures that take local social aspects into account in order to contain the pandemic.

关键词： Coronavirus Ecological study Human development Social vulnerability

Electron–phonon physics from first principles using the EPW code

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 707-732页

作者： Hyungjun Lee Samuel Poncé Kyle Bushick Samad Hajinazar Jon Lafuente-Bartolome Joshua Leveillee Chao Lian Jae-Mo Lihm Francesco Macheda Hitoshi Mori Hari Paudyal Weng Hong Sio Sabyasachi Tiwari Marios Zacharias Xiao Zhang Nicola Bonini Emmanouil Kioupakis Elena R.Margine feliciano Giustino Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Department of Physics The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility Institute of Condensed Matter and NanosciencesUniversitécatholique de LouvainBE-1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Physics Applied Physics and AstronomyBinghamton University-SUNYBinghamtonNY 13902USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Physics King’s College LondonStrandLondon WC2R 2LSUK Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Graphene LabsVia Morego 30I-16163 GenovaItaly Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of MacaoMacaoSAR 999078P.R.China University of Rennes INSA RennesCNRSInstitut FOTON-UMR 6082F-35000 RennesFrance Department of Chemistry University at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14260USA

EPW is an open-source software for ab initio calculations of electron–phonon interactions and related materials *** code combines density functional perturbation theory and maximally localized Wannier functions to efficiently compute electron–phonon coupling matrix elements,and to perform predictive calculations of temperature-dependent properties and phonon-assisted quantum processes in bulk solids and low-dimensional ***,we report on significant developments in the code since 2016,namely:a transport module for the calculation of charge carrier mobility under electric and magnetic fields using the Boltzmann transport equation;a superconductivity module for calculations of phonon-mediated superconductors using the anisotropic multi-band Eliashberg theory;an optics module for calculations of phonon-assisted indirect transitions;a module for the calculation of small and large polarons without supercells;and a module for calculating band structure renormalization and temperature-dependent optical spectra using the special displacement *** each capability,we outline the methodology and implementation and provide example calculations.

关键词： phonon Electron solids

Polybrominated diphenyl ether levels in wild and farmed Chilean salmon and preliminary flow data for commercial transport

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第2期24卷 221-227页

作者： Monica Montory evelyn Habit Pilar Fernandez Joan O.Grimalt Ricardo Barra Aquatic Systems Research Unit EULA-Chile Environmental Sciences CentreUniversity of Concepción Center for Ecosystems Research in Patagonia(CIEP) Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research(IDAEA)

This pilot study documented the occurrence and levels of brominated flame retardants in the tissues of farmed and wild salmon in southern *** of Coho salmon and rainbow trout were obtained from fish farms,rivers and lakes in the Patagonia in Aysen Region,*** samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatography Negative Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the different polybrominated diphenyl ether（PBDE） *** were observed in all the samples,and the congeners BDE 17,28,47 and 66 were observed in all both farmed and wild *** concentrations were higher in the farmed Coho salmon,presenting significant differences with wild *** levels reached 182 pg/g wet weight（ww） vs.120 *** the case of the rainbow trout,the concentrations were lower,although the congener profile was quite *** levels reached an average of 100 pg/g ww in the farmed fish versus 110 pg/g ww in wild fish,and no significant difference was observed between the *** both species,the congener with the highest concentration was BDE *** on this information,the BDE ？ow was estimated for commerce,which is a form of pollutant transport not usually considered in POP pollution studies.A preliminary estimation indicated that the quantity of PBDEs mobilized by commerce was in the order of kg,and in the case of Chile might reach almost 1 kg.

关键词： Polybrominated diphenyl ethers farmed Salmon Chile POPs Patagonia

Effects of nanofertilizer and nano-plant hormone on soil chemical properties and microbial community in two different soil types

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Pedosphere 2023年第5期33卷 765-775页

作者： John Lester Viscara PIDE Nolissa Delmo ORGANO Andre Freire CRUZ Lilia M.FERNANDO Lucille C.VILLEGAS evelyn F.DELFIN Michelle Ann Magat CALUBAQUIB Roselle Estera MADAYAG Erlinda S.PATERNO Division of Soil Science Agricultural Systems InstituteCollege of Agriculture and Food Science(CAFS)University of the Philippines Los Baños(UPLB)CollegeLaguna 4031Philippines Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University1-5 Shimogamohangi-choSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8522Japan Crop Biotechnology Division Institute of Crop ScienceCAFSUPLBCollegeLaguna 4031Philippines Microbiology Division Institute of Biological SciencesCollege of Arts and SciencesUPLBCollegeLaguna 4031Philippines Institute of Plant Breeding CAFSUPLBCollegeLaguna 4031Philippines Isabela State University Cabagan Campus Isabela 3328Philippines

Application of nanotechnology in agriculture has been expanded to improve crop *** impact of nanomaterials(NMs)on factors that influence the survival and function of beneficial microorganisms is a less studied aspect that needs to be better *** a few studies have assessed the effects of NMs on beneficial soil *** study was conducted to assess the effects of nanofertilizer FertiGroe?N(FG-N)and nano-plant hormone HormoGroe?auxin(HG-A)on the chemical properties and microbial communities of two contrasting soils,Lipa clay loam(CL)and Sariaya sandy loam(SL),over a 35-d incubation period in the *** and fungal communities were evaluated using amplicon sequencing analysis within the 16S and internal transcribed spacer regions,*** application of FG-N significantly decreased soil pH,but did not affect total N and available P for both soil types.A significant increase in exchangeable K was observed only in Lipa *** application of HG-A had no significant effect on soil chemical *** the bacterial community after incubation,the relative abundances of Acidobacteriia,Chthonomonadetes,and Saccharimonadia decreased,whereas Acidimicrobiia,Chloroflexia,and Gemmatimonadetes increased with FG-N application in Lipa *** application of HG-A increased the relative abundance of Rubrobacteria,Chthonomonadetes,and Chloroflexia in Lipa *** the fungal community,FG-N application increased the relative abundance of Sordariomycetes,Agaricomycetes,and Eurotiomycetes,whereas Dothideomycetes and Mortierellomycetes decreased in Lipa CL after *** Sariaya SL,FG-N application increased the relative abundance of Dothideomycetes,Eurotiomycetes,and Mortierellomycetes,but decreased that of Sordariomycetes and *** classes observed in the control samples were not detected in the HG-A treatment,but were recovered after incubation in Lipa *** microbial diversity in both soil types showed sl

关键词： amplicon sequencing bacterial community crop production fungal community microbial diversity nanomaterial nanotechnology

THEMIS,the new kid on the block for T-cell development

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第9期14卷 721-723页

作者： Janyra A Espinoza evelyn L Jara Alexis M Kalergis Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Departamento de Genética Molecular y MicrobiologíaMillennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapyPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileSantiagoChile Facultad de Medicina Escuela de MedicinaDepartamento de EndocrinologíaPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileSantiagoChile

Understanding T-cell development is a major goal of the immunology field and is crucial for the elucidation of the mechanisms behind self-tolerance and the occurrence of autoimmune disorders.T-cell development is a co... 详细信息

关键词： MIS arise development

Computed Tomography Protocol Optimisation for Pediatric Head Trauma: Radiation Dose and Image Quality Assessment

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2022年第3期11卷 160-175页

作者： evelyn Anaafi Mary Boadu Albertina Rusandu Mercy Afadzi Kwame Anokye Amoabeng Department of Medical Physics Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences University of Ghana Legon Sweden-Ghana Medical Center Accra Ghana Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway National Centre for Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Korlebu Teaching Hospital Accra Ghana

Purpose: Children are sometimes examined with Computed Tomography protocols designed for adults, leading to radiation doses higher than necessary. Lack of optimisation could lead to image quality higher than what is needed for diagnostic purposes with associated high doses to patients. Optimising the protocols for paediatric head trauma CT imaging will reduce radiation dose. Objective: The study aimed to optimise radiation dose and assess the image quality for a set of protocols by evaluating noise, a contrast to noise ratio, modulation transfer function and noise power spectrum. Methods: Somaton Sensation 64 was used to scan the head of an anthropomorphic phantom with a set of protocols. ImageJ software was used to analyse the paediatric head image from the scanner. IMPACTSCAN dosimeter software was used to evaluate the radiation dose to the various organs in the head. MATLAB was used to analyse the Modulation Transfer Function and the Noise Power. Results: The estimated Computed Tomography Dose Index volume (CTDIvol) increased with increasing tube current and tube voltage. The high pitch of 0.9 gave a lower dose than the 0.5 pitch. The eye lens received the highest radiation dose (39.2 mGy) whiles the thyroid received the least radiation dose (13.7 mGy). There was an increase in noise (62.46) when the H60 kernel was used and a lower noise (8.829) was noticed when the H30 kernel was used. Conclusion: The results obtained show that the H30 kernel (smooth kernel) gave higher values for noise and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) than the H60 kernel (sharp kernel). The H60 kernel produced high values for the modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise power spectrum (NPS). The eye lens received the highest radiation dose.

关键词： Image Quality Radiation Dose Modulation Transfer Function Noise Power Spectrum Optimization