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Patterns and Presentation of Prostate Cancer in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana: A 6-Year Single Center Retrospective Study

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Health 2019年第4期11卷 351-360页

作者： Alexander Kofi Egote Paul Poku Sampene Ossei Eric Agyeman-Duah John taylor evans Quarshie Department of Surgery (Urology Unit) Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital Sunyani Ghana Department of Pathology School of Medical Sciences KNUST/Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Introduction: Prostate cancer is gradually reaching a very high incidence in Africa, especially in the Sub-saharan region. Understanding the dynamics in occurrence of the disorder is one approach to developing effective public health programmes and interventions that will help curb the rising incidence. Objective: This study was aimed at reducing the paucity of data on prostate cancer by assessing the incidence, patterns and presentation in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. We sought to provide region-specific hardcore data that will help to assess the issue and provide remedies. Method and Materials: All prostate disease cases recorded from the year 2009 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Subjects from 40 years (based on previous studies) and above were eligible for screening. Diagnostic and screening tools for prostate cancer at the study site were family history, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, digital rectal examination, urological ultrasound scan and histopathology (biopsy). Age, PSA values and year of screening/diagnosis were also retrieved from patient folders/archives for the purposes of the study. Histological findings and parameters considered in the study included diagnosis, carcinoma grading, perineural invasion (PNI) and percentage of affected tissues (%TA). Results: Prostate cancer constituted 236 cases (40.07%) of the 589 prostate diseases reviewed. The highest annual prevalence was recorded in 2014 with an incidence rate of 21.6% (51 cases). The ages of patients ranged from 46 to 101 years with a modal age range of 70 - 79 years and a mean ± SD of 71.7 ± 11.2. The mean PSA value recorded was 37.5 ng/ml (±68.9) with predominance in the 11 - 20.9 ng/ml (61 cases/patients) (27.9%) range. Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was the dominant grade of prostate cancer accounting for 61.4% (145 cases) of the 236 cases. There was a significant correlation (p = 0.001) between grading of prostate cancer and perineural invasion. Only 21.2% gr

关键词： Prevalence Prostate Cancer Serum PSA Brong Ahafo Region Ghana

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Inter-signal interaction and uncertain information in anuran multimodal signals

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 153-161页

作者： Ryan C. taylor Barrett A. KLEIN Michael J. RYAN Department of Biological Sciences Salisbury University Salisbury MD 21801 USA Section of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute P.O. Box 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Republic of Panama

Disentangling the influence of multiple signal components on receivers and elucidating general processes influencing complex signal evolution are difficult tasks. In this study we test mate preferences of female squirrel treefrogs Hyla squirella and female tungara frogs Physalaemus pustulosus for similar combinations of acoustic and visual components of their multimodal courtship signals. In a two-choice playback experiment with squirrel treefrogs, the visual stimulus of a male model significantly increased the attractivness of a relatively unattractive slow call rate. A previous study demonstrated that faster call rates are more attractive to female squirrel treefrogs, and all else being equal, models of male frogs with large body stripes are more attractive. In a similar experiment with female tungara frogs, the visual stimulus of a robotic frog failed to increase the attractiveness of a relatively unattractive call. Females also showed no preference for the distinct stripe on the robot that males commonly bear on their throat. Thus, features of conspicuous signal components such as body stripes are not universally important and signal function is likely to differ even among species with similar ecologies and communication systems. Finally, we discuss the putative information content of anuran signals and suggest that the categorization of redundant versus multiple messages may not be sufficient as a general explanation for the evolution of multimodal signaling. Instead of relying on untested assumptions concerning the information content of signals, we discuss the value of initially collecting comparative empirical data sets related to receiver responses.

关键词： Inter-signal interaction Multimodal signaling Signal detection Signal weighting Squirrel treefrog Hyla squirella Tfingara frog Physalaemus pustulosus Vocal sac

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Enhanced enzymatic removal of anthracene by the mangrove soil-derived fungus,Aspergillus sydowii BPOI

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第6期14卷 223-235页

作者： Paul Olusegun Bankole Kirk taylor Semple Byong-Hun Jeon Sanjay Prabhu Govindwar Department of Pure and Applied Botany College of BiosciencesFederal University of Agriculture AbeokutaOgun State 234039Nigeria Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LAI 4YQUK Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea

The present study investigated the efficiency of Aspergillus sydowii strain bpol(GenBank Accession Number:MK373021)in the removal of anthracene(100 mg/L).Optimal degradation efficiency(98.7%)was observed at neutral pH,temperature(30℃),biomass weight(2 g)and salinity(0.2%w/v)within 72 *** enzyme analyses revealed 131%,107%,and 89%induction in laccase,lignin peroxidase,and manganese peroxidase respectively during anthracene ***,the degradation efficiency(99.8%)and enzyme induction were significantly enhanced with the addition of 100 mg/L of citric acid and glucose to the *** varying anthracene concentrations(100-500 mg/L),the degradation rate constants(K1)peaked with increasing concentration of anthracene while the half-life(t1/2)decreases with increase in anthracene *** of fit(R2=0.976 and 0.982)was observed when the experimental data were subjected to Langmuir and Temkin models respectively which affirmed the monolayer and heterogeneous nature exhibited by *** cells during *** distinct metabolites;anthracene-1,8,9(2H,8aH,9aH)-trione,2,4adihydronaphthalene-1,5-dione,l,3,3a,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-4,7-dione and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid was obtained through Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry(GC-MS).*** exhibited promising potentials in the removal of PAHs.

关键词： Aspergillus sydowii Anthracene Biodegradation Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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Post Locoregional Therapy Treatment Imaging in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients:A Literature-based Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第2期6卷 189-197页

作者： Shamar Young Andrew J.taylor Tina Sanghvi Department of Radiology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA

Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)as well as in determining treatment efficacy,or complications,following *** other cancers,HCC is most commonly treated by locoregional therapies(LRTs)such as thermal ablation,transarterial chemoembolization,and transarterial *** treatments can lead to changes on imaging that make determination of residual/recurrent disease *** literature-based review dis-cusses the expected postimaging findings following LRT.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) Thermal ablation Transarterial radioembolization(TARE) Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)

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The role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the proliferation of adult hippocampal neural stem and precursor cells

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第4期57卷 403-411页

作者： taylor Chanel J HE RongQiao BARTLETT Perry F Queensland Brain Institute The University of QueenslandBrisbane Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

New neurons are continuously generated from resident pools of neural stem and precursor cells(NSPCs)in the adult *** are multiple pathways through which adult neurogenesis is regulated,and here we review the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)in regulating the proliferation of NSPCs in the adult ***-dependent learning tasks,enriched environments,running,and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity,all potently up-regulate hippocampal NSPC *** first consider the requirement of the NMDAR in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity,and the role the induction of synaptic plasticity has in regulating NSPCs and newborn *** address how specific NMDAR agonists and antagonists modulate proliferation,both in vivo and in vitro,and then review the evidence supporting the hypothesis that NMDARs are present on *** believe it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the activation of adult neurogenesis,given the potential that endogenous stem cell populations have for repopulating the hippocampus with functional new *** conditions such as age-related memory decline,neurodegeneration and psychiatric disease,mature neurons are lost or become defective;as such,stimulating adult neurogenesis may provide a therapeutic strategy to overcome these conditions.

关键词： adult neurogenesis stem cell precursor cell NMDA receptor hippocampus synaptic plasticity long-term potentiation(LTP)

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Three-Dimensional Modeling of Shallow Shear-Wave Velocities for Las Vegas, Nevada, Using Sediment Type

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第3期20卷 555-562页

作者： Barbara Luke Helena Murvosh Wanda taylor Jeff Wagoner University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas NV USA Stanley Consultants Inc. Las Vegas NV USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA USA

A three-dimensional model of near-surface shear-wave velocity in the deep alluvial basin underlying the metropolitan area of Las Vegas, Nevada （USA）, is being developed for earthquake site response projections. The velocity dataset, which includes 230 measurements, is interpolated across the model using depth-dependent correlations of velocity with sediment type. The sediment-type database contains more than 1 400 well and borehole logs. Sediment sequences reported in logs are assigned to one of four units. A characteristic shear-wave velocity profile is developed for each unit by analyzing closely spaced pairs of velocity profiles and well or borehole logs. The resulting velocity model exhibits reasonable values and patterns, although it does not explicitly honor the measured shear-wave velocity profiles. Site response investigations that applied a preliminary version of the velocity model support a two-zone ground-shaking hazard model for the valley. Areas in which clay predominates in the upper 30 m are predicted to have stronger ground motions than the rest of the basin.

关键词： shear-wave velocity earthquake site response site amplification microzonation sediment type.

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Synchronization of Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory Methods

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第6期4卷 56-71页

作者： Ellen M.taylor M.Pino Martin Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544USA

Weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)methods have been developed to simultaneously provide robust shock-capturing in compressible fluid flow and avoid excessive damping of fine-scale flow features such as *** certain conditions in compressible turbulence,however,numerical dissipation remains unacceptably high even after optimization of the linear component that dominates in smooth *** the nonlinear error that remains,we demonstrate that a large fraction is generated by a“synchronization deficiency”that interferes with the expression of theoretically predicted numerical performance characteristics when the WENO adaptation mechanism is *** deficiency is illustrated numerically in simulations of a linearly advected sinusoidal wave and the Shu-Osher problem[***.,83(1989),pp.32-78].It is shown that attempting to correct this deficiency through forcible synchronization results in violation of *** conclude that,for the given choice of candidate stencils,the synchronization deficiency cannot be adequately resolved under the current WENO smoothness measurement technique.

关键词： Direct numerical simulation large eddy simulation compressible turbulence shock capturing.

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Verifiable Badging System for scientific data reproducibility

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2021年第2期2卷 68-81页

作者： Swapna Krishnakumar Radha Ian taylor Jarek Nabrzyski Iain Barclay Center for Research Computing University of Notre DameIN46556USA School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff UniversityCardiffWalesCF103ATUK

Reproducibility can be considered as one of the basic requirements to ensure that a given research finding is accurate and *** paper presents a new layered approach that allows scientific researchers to provide a)data to fellow researchers to validate research and b)proofs of research quality to funding agencies,without revealing sensitive details associated with the *** conclude that by integrating smart contracts,blockchain technology,and self-sovereign identity into an automated system,it is possible to assert the quality of scientific materials and validate the peer review process without the need of a central authority.

关键词： Blockchain technology Self-sovereign identity Decentralized identifiers Verifiable credentials Smart contracts

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A new portable in situ flume for measuring critical shear stress on river beds

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第2期36卷 235-242页

作者： Cheng He James Nodwell taylor Quintin Rochfort David Nguyen National Water Research Institute Environment and Climate Change Canada Department of Environmental Engineering University of Guelph

A new portable in situ flume(PISF) for measuring critical bed shear stress(CBSS) was developed in this study. The PISF consists of an open bottom sediment erosion chamber and an electrically-driven *** most existing in situ flumes with similar designs, the new PISF does not rely on monitoring the flow conditions or particle density in the sediment erosion chamber; instead, it is a pre-calibrated *** calibration was performed by first determining CBSS of various selected sediment samples of known particle size and density(using the law of the wall), based on flow velocity-depth profiles measured in a6 m straight open-channel flume using a Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) system. These same particles of known CBSS were then used in the new in-situ flume under controlled lab conditions to obtain a series of calibration curves of CBSS vs. pump electrical power. A wide variety of particle types and sizes(simulated sediments) were used in this two-step calibration procedure to widen CBSS measurement range and simulate cohesive force effects. The size of the PISF is much smaller and more practical than other similar devices as lamellar flow conditions are not required and it can be applied to a wide range of sediment types including cohesive sediments.

关键词： Sediment erosion In situ flume Critical bed shear stress Particle image velocimetry Law of the wall

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重铵油炸药

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爆破器材 1989年第5期18卷 34-37页

作者： W.B.evans D.P.taylor 葛韬武

一、前言铵油炸药已使用30佘年,现在它仍是环境适宜地区所选择的炸药品种。但它最大的缺点是密度低,本身不抗水。密度低意味着在炮孔内爆能减小,人们通常用加入高能物质(一般是铝粉)或用钻更多炮孔的方法来提高其有效能量。但这又大大... 详细信息

一、前言铵油炸药已使用30佘年,现在它仍是环境适宜地区所选择的炸药品种。但它最大的缺点是密度低,本身不抗水。密度低意味着在炮孔内爆能减小,人们通常用加入高能物质(一般是铝粉)或用钻更多炮孔的方法来提高其有效能量。但这又大大地增加了综合成本。自铵油炸药出现后,炸药工业研究的历史表明,主要是克服它的一个或两个缺点。人们研究出了许多技术和新产品与铵油炸药竞争,如浆状炸药、乳胶炸药和附加硝基烷烃液体敏化剂的铵油药等,但无论哪一种,在成本上都不能与其竞争。

关键词：重铵油炸药铵油炸药

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