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Species diversity in restoration plantings: Important factors for increasing the diversity of threatened tree species in the restoration of the Araucaria forest ecosystem

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 84-93页

作者： taylor E.Shaw School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park

The Araucaria forest ecosystem in southern Brazil is highly threatened: less than one percent of the original forest remains, and what is left is a fragmented agro-mosaic of mostly early-to-late secondary forest patches among high-yield agriculture and timber monocultures. Forest restoration initiatives in this region aim to restore degraded areas, however the limited number of species used in restoration projects represents a missed opportunity for species-rich plantings. High diversity plantings represent a larger number of functional groups and provide a targeted conservation strategy for the high number of threatened species within this ecosystem. This study interviewed nurseries(Ns) and restoration practitioners(RPs) in Parana and Santa Catarina states to identify what species are being cultivated and planted, and what factors are driving the species selection process. An average of 20 species were reportedly used in restoration plantings, most of which are common, widespread species. Baseline data confirms that Ns and RPs have disproportionately low occurrences of threatened species in their inventories and plantings, supporting findings from previous research. Questionnaire responses reveal that opportunities for seed acquisition are an extremely important factor in order for nurseries to increase their diversity of cultivated species. Results also suggest that facilitating speciesrich plantings for restoration practitioners would only be feasible if it did not increase the time required to complete planting projects, as it would minimize their ability to keep costs low. This study proposes solutions for increasing the number of species used in restoration practicedsuch as developing a comprehensive species list, fostering knowledge-sharing between actors, creating seed sharing programs, and increasing coordination of planting projects. Long-term strategies involve complimenting traditional ex situ approaches with emerging inter-situ and quasi in situ conserv

关键词： Restoration Araucaria forest Threatened species Nurseries Restoration practitioners Decision-making

The capsid revolution

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2023年第11期15卷 1-11页

作者： Ian A.taylor Ariberto Fassati Macromolecular Structure Laboratory The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK Division of Infection and Immunity University College LondonLondon WC1E 6JFUK Institute of Immunity and Transplantation University College LondonLondon NW32PPUK

Lenacapavir,targeting the human immunodeficiency virus type-1(HIV-1)capsid,is the first-in-class antiretroviral drug recently approved for clinical *** development of Lenacapavir is attributed to the remarkable progress in our understanding of the capsid protein made during the last few *** little more than a component of the virus shell to be shed early during infection,the capsid has been found to be a key player in the HIV-1 life cycle by interacting with multiple host factors,entering the nucleus,and directing ***,we describe the key advances that led to this‘capsid revolution’.

关键词： HIV-1 capsid CPSF6 Lenacapavir integration IP6 nucleus reverse transcription

Revisiting taxonomy,morphological evolution,and fossil calibration strategies in Chloranthaceae

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第4期49卷 315-329页

作者： Alexandre ANTONELLI taylor S.FEILD Gothenburg Botanical Garden and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee

Chloranthaceae is one of the earliest diverging angiosperm families and is comprised of approximately 75 species in four genera (Chloranthus,Sarcandra,Ascarina,and Hedyosmum).This family has received considerable attention because of its seemingly primitive morphology,disjunct tropical distribution in Asia and America,and extensive fossil record from the Early *** the present study,we reconstructed the phylogeny of Chloran- thaceae based on a combined dataset of three plastid DNA regions and 56 *** then estimated divergence times in the family using two relaxed molecular clock methods (BEAST and penalized likelihood).We focused on testing the influence of fossil taxa in calibrating the molecular phylogeny,and on assessing the current taxonomy of the family in light of the phylogenetic *** results indicate that most intrageneric divisions within Asca-rina and Hedyosmum are not *** results from the dating analysis suggest that the Hedyosmum-like fossil Asteropollis represents a stem lineage of Hedyosmum,as has been suggested previously from morphological *** contrast,our results indicate that the Chloranthus-like fossil Chloranthistemon,previously suggested on morphological grounds to be a stem relative of Chloranthus,may,instead,belong to the branch leading to the clade Chloranthus + *** median crown ages of Chloranthus,Sarcandra,Ascarina,and Hedyosmum estimated in the BEAST analysis were 26.3,9.5,31.0 and 45.8 million years ago (Ma),respectively,whereas the divergence between Chloranthus and Sarcandra,the splitting of Ascarina with the former two genera,and Hedyos- mum separating from the three genera were estimated to 63.8,95.7 and 111.1 *** present study sheds further light on the temporal evolution of Chloranthaceae and exemplifies how molecular dating analyses may be used to explore alternative phylogenetic placements of fossil taxa.

关键词： angiosperm evolution Asteropollis Chloranthaceae Chloranthistemon molecular dating phylogeny.

Host RNA circles and the origin of hepatitis delta virus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第11期20卷 2971-2978页

作者： John M taylor Fox Chase Cancer Center PhiladelphiaPA 19111United States

Recent reports show that many cellular RNAs are processed to form circular species that are relatively abundant and resistant to host *** some cases,such circles actually bind host *** depletion of available microRNAs appears to have biological roles;for instance,in homeostasis and *** findings regarding host RNA circles support a speculative reappraisal of the origin and mode of replication of hepatitis delta virus,hepatitis delta virus(HDV),an agent with a small circular RNA genome;specifically,it is proposed that in hepatocytes infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV),some viral RNA species are processed to circular forms,which by a series of chance events lead to an RNA that can be both replicated by host enzymes and assembled,using HBV envelope proteins,to form particles some of which are *** a model also may provide some new insights into the potential pathogenic potential of HDV *** return,new insights into HDV might provide information leading to a better understanding of the roles of the host RNA circles.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis delta virus Circular RNA Ribozymes MicroRNA

Continuous flow synthesis of plasmonic gold patches and nearly-complete nanoshells on polystyrene core particles

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Particuology 2023年第4期75卷 137-150页

作者： Thomas Meincke Robin N.Klupp taylor Institute of Particle Technology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergCauerstrasse 491058ErlangenGermany Collaborative Research Center 1411-Design of Particulate Products Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstrasse 391058 Erlangen Germany

We describe the development of a T-mixer based continuous flow process for the coating of 86-500 nm diameter spherical polystyrene particles with thin gold patches by heterogeneous nucleation and *** establishing a suitable flow rate for good mixing and sufficiently uniform product morphology we systematically investigate the main reaction *** reveals a considerable tunability of the patch morphology and,by virtue of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold,the optical properties of the product *** order to further widen the range of nanostructures accessible by our process,a second T-mixer was *** introduced new gold precursor,leading to further growth of the patches that were formed after the first *** this approach,nearly-complete gold nanoshells could be produced in high yield on both small and large core particles,without the unwanted production of free-standing gold *** to the pronounced optical properties of nearly-complete gold nanoshells on small core particles,we could estimate from electrodynamic sim-ulations the equivalent shell thickness to be as low as 8.6 *** is significantly thinner than can be routinely achieved using the standard seeded growth approach to synthesise gold *** results are therefore highly promising for the gram-scale synthesis of plasmon resonant nanostructures with designed optical properties.

关键词： Continuous flow Core-shell particles Patchy particles Nucleation Diffusion limited growth

Boosting proteolytic pathways as a treatment against glycation-derived damage in the brain?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 320-322页

作者： Allen taylor Eloy Bejarano Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on AgingTufts UniversityBostonMAUSA Departments of Chemical and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy Tufts UniversityBostonMAUSA School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEUCEU UniversitiesMoncadaValenciaSpain

The worldwide adaptation of a Western lifestyle is associated with the increased consumption of high glycemia diets and an increased prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.

关键词： damage obesity prevalence

Methodology of Single Crystal Growth and Microstructure Analysis of CoTi(Zr) Intermetallic Compounds

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2005年第6期21卷 817-821页

作者： Mike L.JENKINS Glyn taylor Department of Materials University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PH UK

The effects of preparation and crystal growth methods on the microstructure, composition, and oxidation of CoTi（Zr） intermetallics were dealt with . A group of methods has been used to produce CoTi and CoTi（Zr） crystals to prevent the formation of titanium oxide particles during melting and crystal growth. The results show that more oxides formed when using powdered starting materials even though the metals handled were and melted under an inert gas atmosphere; using bulk starting materials produced alloys showed less oxidation than powders, but adding a small amount of AI to getter the oxygen was not sufficient to prevent TiO2 formation. However, using a slightly reducing atmosphere during initial melting was highly effective in reducing the formation of oxide. Crystal growth carried out in Ar did not reduce the amount of oxide but only redistributed the particles. TiO2 particles were found only in the grain boundaries after crystal growing, where they obstructed grain growth. Crystal growth in a vacuum was found to be essential in producing oxide free crystals. A seed selection technique was developed and used in growing CoTi single crystals. The microstructures of the samples were determined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, including the morphologies, grain sizes, oxide distributions and crystal structure confirmation.

关键词： CoTi CoTi(Zr) Intermetallics Crystal growth Nicrostructure

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the causation of Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第5期6卷 630-632页

作者： John Hermon-taylor Department of Surgery St.George's Hospital Medical SchoolLondon SW17 OREU.K.

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis(MAP),originally called Johne’s bacillus was firstdescribed from Germany in 1895 as the cause of achronic inflammatory disease of the intestine in *** the 20th century progressed,clinical andsub-clinical MAP infection in farm animals inWestern Europe appeared to become *** the early reviews available

关键词： mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Crohn’s disease immunologic tests immunocompetence mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Virus entry mediated by hepatitis B virus envelope proteins

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第40期19卷 6730-6734页

作者： John M taylor Fox Chase Cancer Center PhiladelphiaPA19111United States

Hepatitis B virus(HBV),a major cause of human liver disease worldwide,encodes three envelope proteins needed for the attachment and entry of the virus into susceptible host cells.A second virus,hepatitis delta virus,which is known to enhance liver disease in HBV infected patients,diverts the same HBV envelope proteins to achieve its own assembly and *** the lab,lentiviral vectors based on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 can be assembled using the HBV envelope proteins,and will similarly infect susceptible *** article provides a partial review and some personal reflections of how these three viruses infect and of how recipient cells become susceptible,along with some consideration of questions that remain to be answered.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis delta virus Receptor Envelope proteins Entry