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(Re)assessing Climate-Smart Agriculture practices for sustainable food systems outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa:The case of Bono East Region,ghana

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geography and Sustainability 2023年第2期4卷 112-126页

作者： Philip Tetteh Quarshie Seidu Abdulai evan d.g.fraser deparment of geography Environment and Geomatics&Guelph Institute of Development StudiesCollege of Social and Applied Human ScienceUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EGuelphON N1H 2W1 Canada global Agri-Business Solutions INC.54-480 grey Street BrantfordON N3S 7S5 Canada deparment of Food Agricultural and Resource Economics Ontario Agriculture CollegeUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EGuelphON N1G 2W1 Canada department of geography Environment and Geomatics&Arrell Food InstituteUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EGuelphON N1H 2W1 Canada

This research paper assesses the reality of Climate-Smart Agriculture(CSA)practices’potential to promote the outcomes of sustainable food systems(SFS)within ghana’s smallholding agriculture context.The study demon-strates that rural farmers generally perceive CSA’s contribution to‘food and nutrition security’and‘economic performance’as more important than CSA’s contribution to‘social equity’and‘environmental stewardship’.From a narrow perspective,the study demonstrates that farmers perceive CSA’s potential to‘prevent pest and disease outbreaks’and‘increase human capital information’as the most important contribution of CSA to SFS outcomes.In contrast,CSA’s potential to promote environmental stewardship is perceived as the least important among ghana’s rural farmers.This enormity of displacement of smallholders’perceptions at large is motivated by de-mographic,socioeconomic and ecological factors.Moreso,the CSA for SFS outcomes narratives is driven by farmers’self-apprise,social networks and other local information dissemination agents.Furthermore,research findings suggest farmers’awareness of CSA practices and interventions is deficient owing to unmet training and information needs for approximately 82%of the CSA practices and interventions.This situation elucidates the dichotomy of CSA practices’narratives as tools for attaining food,nutrition security and economic performance to the detriment of critical issues such as increasing awareness and building farmers’capacity to engage with CSA practices while also managing socio-ecological trade-offs that emerge over time due to engagement with CSA.Critical(re)orientation is needed across the scale to drive CSA practices and interventions that confine cli-mate adaptation and food production practices within safe planetary boundaries without undermining social,economic,food and nutrition security needs.

关键词： Climate adaptation Climate-Smart Agriculture ghana Smallholder farmers Sustainable food systems Sub-Saharan Africa

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Ketamine use disorder:preclinical,clinical,and neuroimaging evidence to support proposed mechanisms of actions

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Intelligent Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 61-68页

作者： Leah Vines diana Sotelo Allison Johnson evan dennis Peter Manza Nora d.Volkow gene-Jack Wang Laboratory of Neuroimaging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of Health10 Center DrRm B2L124BethesdaMarylandUnited States

Ketamine,a noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate(NMdA)receptor antagonist,has been exclusively used as an anesthetic in medicine and has led to new insights into the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.Clinical studies have shown that low subanesthetic doses of ketamine produce antidepressant effects for individuals with depression.However,its use as a treatment for psychiatric disorders has been limited due to its reinforcing effects and high potential for diversion and misuse.Preclinical studies have focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ketamine’s antidepressant effects,but a precise mechanism had yet to be elucidated.Here we review different hypotheses for ketamine’s mechanism of action including the direct inhibition and disinhibition of NMdA receptors,aminomethylphosphonic acid receptors(AMPAR)activation,and heightened activation of monoaminergic systems.The proposed mechanisms are not mutually exclusive,and their combined influence may exert the observed structural and functional neural impairments.Long term use of ketamine induces brain structural,functional impairments,and neurodevelopmental effects in both rodents and humans.Its misuse has increased rapidly in the past 20 years and is one of the most common addictive drugs used in Asia.The proposed mechanisms of action and supporting neuroimaging data allow for the development of tools to identify‘biotypes’of ketamine use disorder(KUd)using machine learning approaches,which could inform intervention and treatment.

关键词： Ketamine Neuroimaging N-methyl-d-aspartate dopamine Serotonin glutamatergic gamma-aminobutyric acid

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三轴形变核^(131)Ba中的奇异集体激发模式

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物理学报 2024年第11期73卷 89-100页

作者：韦锐周厚兵王思成丁兵强赟华贾晨旭陈红星郭松 C.M.Petrache d.Mengoni A.Astier E.dupont 吕冰锋 d.Bazzacco A.Boso A.goasduff F.Recchia d.Testov F.galtarossa g.Jaworski d.R.Napoli S.Riccetto M.Siciliano J.J.Valiente-dobon C.Andreoiu F.H.garcia K.Ortner K.Whitmore A.Ataç-Nyberg T.Bäck B.Cederwall E.A.Lawrie I.Kuti d.Sohler T.Marchlewski J.Srebrny A.Tucholski 广西师范大学物理科学与技术学院桂林541004 广西核物理与核技术重点实验室桂林541004 中国科学院近代物理研究所兰州730000 中国科学院大学北京100049 巴黎萨克雷大学 CNRS/IN2P3IJCLab奥赛91405 帕多瓦大学物理和天文学系帕多瓦I-35131 意大利国家核物理研究所帕多瓦分部帕多瓦I-35131 意大利国家核物理研究所莱尼亚罗国家实验室莱尼亚罗(帕多瓦)I-35020 费拉拉大学理学与自然科学院费拉拉西蒙菲莎大学化学系本拿比BC V5A 1S6 皇家理工学院物理系斯德哥摩尔S-10691 国家研究基金会iThemba加速器科学实验室西萨默塞特7123 西开普大学物理与天文系贝尔维尔ZA-7535 HUN-REN原子核研究所德布勒森4001 华沙巴斯德拉大学重离子实验室华沙02-093

利用意大利Legnaro实验室串列静电加速器提供的65 MeV^(13)C束流与122Sn靶的熔合蒸发反应布居了^(131)Ba的高自旋态,并搭建了新的能级纲图.新的能级纲图由15条转动带组成,包括三对手征双重带,其中两对正宇称手征带为赝自旋-手征四重带.... 详细信息

利用意大利Legnaro实验室串列静电加速器提供的65 MeV^(13)C束流与122Sn靶的熔合蒸发反应布居了^(131)Ba的高自旋态,并搭建了新的能级纲图.新的能级纲图由15条转动带组成,包括三对手征双重带,其中两对正宇称手征带为赝自旋-手征四重带.正负宇称手征带通过一系列增强的E1跃迁连接,表明它们之间存在八极关联.在低自旋区域搭建了一条新的转动带,通过一系列γ跃迁向νh1_(1/2)晕带退激.这种能级结构与摇摆带相似,但基于现有的实验证据还难以将它确认为摇摆带,不能排除其他集体激发机制,如γ振动的影响.

关键词：高自旋态手征带赝自旋八极关联摇摆运动

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Effect of solution heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Hastelloy X manufactured by electron beam powder bed fusion

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第3期98卷 99-117页

作者： Amal Shaji Karapuzha darren fraser Yuman Zhu Xinhua Wu Aijun Huang department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash UniversityVictoria 3800Australia Monash Centre for Additive Manufacturing 15-17 Normanby RdNotting HillVIC 3168Australia Manufacturing Unit CSIROClaytonVictoria 3168Australia

Prior to the application of AM components for critical applications,it is necessary to have a better understanding of the effect of different post-fabrication treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of such parts.In this study,efforts were made to achieve an in-depth understanding of the effect of post-fabrication Solution Heat Treatment(SHT)and Hot Isostatic Pressing(HIP)on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Hastelloy X parts built by electron beam powder bed fusion(PBF-EB)process.The effects of SHT and HIP on porosity,microstructure,texture and mechanical properties have been investigated and compared with that of as-built PBF-EB Hastelloy X.Post-fabrication HIP treatment led to a significant reduction in the porosity content,whereas no notable difference in porosity was observed between SHT and as-built parts.There was no evidence of any recrystallization occurring following the post-fabrication treatments as elongated columnar grain structures observed within as-built part were found to be maintained even after SHT and HIP process alongside the strongcrystallographic texture.Emphasis was laid upon understanding the influence of SHT and HIP on mechanical properties through stress-strain curves and work-hardening behaviour.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Electron beam powder bed fusion Nickel-based superalloy Heat treatment Hot isostatic pressing

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The history and development of the theory and practice of cybercartography

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International Journal of digital Earth 2010年第1期3卷 2-15页

作者： d.R.fraser Taylor Stephanie Pyne department of geography and Environmental Studies Geomatics and Cartographic Research CentreCarleton UniversityOttawaONCanada

This paper describes the development of cybercartography since the introduction of the term in 1997.Although the origins of cybercartography were largely conceptual in nature,the evolution of cybercartography to date has been an iterative process reflecting the creative interplay between theory and practice.A major step forward was made in 2002 when the geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre at Carleton University received a$2.5 million grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to explore the utility of cybercartography to what was described as the New Economy.By 2006,the interaction between theory and practice had led to considerable advances in cybercartography as a holistic,location-based concept and two new cybercartographic products,the Cybercartographic Atlas of Antarctica and the Cybercartographic Atlas of Canada’s Trade with the World,were produced.Between 2006 and 2009,cybercartography was further developed as a result of interaction with indigenous communities,especially in Canada’s north and new interactive atlases such as the Kitikmeot Place Names Atlas and the Community Atlas of Arctic Bay were created in cooperation with the communities involved.The Nunaliit Cybercartographic Atlas Framework,built using open source software and open specifications and standards,was developed to facilitate direct input to these atlases.Cybercartography is now entering a new phase in both theory and practice building on a recently completed prototype atlas of Indigenous Perspectives and Knowledge.

关键词： cybercartography cybercartographic atlases indigenous mapping cybercartographic atlas framework iteration theory and practice

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Effect of different Etching Time on Fabrication of an Optoelectronic device Based on gaN/Psi

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第3期11卷 1101-1122页

作者： Haneen d.Jabbar Makram A.Fakhri Mohammed Jalal Abdul Razzaq Omar S.dahham evan T.Salim Forat H.Alsultany U.Hashim Laser and Optoelectronic Engineering department University of Technology-IraqBaghdadIraq department of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringCihan University-ErbilKurdistan RegionIraq department of Petroleum and gas Refinery Engineering Al-Farabi University CollageBaghdadIraq Applied Science department University of Technology-IraqBaghdadIraq department of Medical Physics Al-Mustaqbal University CollegeBabylonIraq Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering University Malaysia PerlisKangarPerlisMalaysia

gallium nitride(gaN)/porous silicon(PSi)film was prepared using a pulsed laser deposition method and 1064 nm Nd:YAg laser for optoelectronic applications and a series of Psi substrates were fabricated using a photoelectrochemical etching method assisted by laser at different etching times for 2.5–15 min at 2.5 min intervals.X-ray diffraction,room-temperature photoluminescence,atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy images,and electrical characteristics in the prepared gaN on the Psi film were investigated.The optimum Psi substrate was obtained under the following conditions:10 min,10 mA/cm^(2),and 24%hydrofluoric acid.The substrate exhibited two highly cubic crystalline structures at(200)and(400)orientations and yellow visible band photoluminescence,and homogeneous pores formed over the entire surface.The pores had steep oval shapes and were accompanied by small dark pores that appeared topographically and morphologically.The gaN/Psi film fabricated through PLd exhibited a high and hexagonal crystallographic texture in the(002)plane.Spectroscopic properties results revealed that the photoluminescence emission of the deposited nano-gaN films was in the ultraviolet band(374 nm)related to gaN material and in the near-infrared band(730 nm)related to the Psi substrate.The topographical and morphological results of the gaN films confirmed that the deposited film contained spherical grains with an average diameter of 51.8 nm and surface roughness of 4.8 nm.The gaN/Psi surface showed a cauliflower-like morphology,and the built-in voltage decreased from 3.4 to 2.7 eV after deposition.The fabricated gaN/Psi film exhibited good electrical characteristics.

关键词： gallium nitride porous silicon photoelectrochemical etching pulsed laser deposition optical device

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Load carrying capacity of a heterogeneous surface bearing

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Friction 2015年第4期3卷 287-293页

作者： evan THOMAS Mircea d PASCOVICI Romeo P gLOVNEA Tribology Laboratory Department of Engineering and DesignUniversity of SussexUnited Kingdom Machine Elements and Tribology division Politehnica University of BucharestBucharestRomania

It has been shown before that liquids can slip at a solid boundary,which prompted the idea that parallel-surfaces bearings can be achieved just by alternating slip and non-slip regions in the direction of fluid flow.The amount of slip at the wall depends on the surface tension at the liquid-solid interface,which in turn depends on the chemical state of the surface and its roughness.In the present study a heterogeneous surface was obtained by coating half of a circular glass disc with a coating repellant to glycerol.A rotating glass disc was placed at a known/calibrated distance and the gap was filled with glycerol.With the mobile surface moving from the direction of slip to non-slip region it can be theoretically shown that a pressure build up can be achieved.The pressure gradient in the two regions is constant,similar to that in a Rayleigh step bearing,with the maximum pressure at the separation line.The heterogeneous disc was placed on a holder supported by a load cell thus the force generated by this pressure increase can be measured accurately.Tests were carried out at different sliding speeds and gaps and the load carried was measured and subsequently compared with theoretical calculations.This allowed the slip coefficient to be evaluated.

关键词： bearing slip heterogeneous load

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dupilumab in Adults and Adolescents with Eosinophilic Esophagitis

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四川生理科学杂志 2022年第12期44卷 2116-2116页

作者： evan S dellon From the Center for Esophageal diseases and Swallowing University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill (E.S.D.) Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati (M.E.R. M.H.C.) Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago (I.H.) Mount Sinai Center for Eosinophilic disorders Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York (M.C.) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Tarrytown (X.S. M.P.K. M.A.K. J.D.H. B.B. E.M. B.A. N.A. W.K.L. M.F.W. M.R. D.R.W. G.D.Y. B.S. J.M. A.G. A.S.) - both in New York Amsterdam University Medical Center Amsterdam (A.J.B.) Hospital general de Tomelloso Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha Toledo - both in Spain (A.J.L.) Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia (J.M.S.) University of California San Diego La Jolla and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego - both in California (S.A.) Sanofi Bridgewater NJ (K.P. E.L.) Sanofi Chilly-Mazarin France (L.P.M.) and Sanofi Cambridge MA (N.P.).

Background:dupilumab,a fully human monoclonal antibody,blocks interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling,which have key roles in eosinophilic esophagitis.Methods:We conducted a three-part,phase 3 trial in which patients 12 years of age or older underwent randomization in a 1:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous dupilumab at a weekly dose of 300 mg or placebo(Part A)or in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive 300 mg of dupilumab either weekly or every 2 weeks or weekly placebo(Part B)up to week 24.

关键词： monoclonal placebo weekly

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Eight decades of compositional change in a managed northern hardwood landscape

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第3期10卷 398-410页

作者： Mark J.ducey Olivia L.fraser Mariko Yamasaki Ethan P.Belair William B.Leak University of New Hampshire Department of Natural Resources and the Environment114 James HallDurhamNH03824USA U.S.d.A.Forest Service White Mountain National Forest71 White Mountain DriveCamptonNH03223USA U.S.d.A.Forest Service Northern Research Station271 Mast RoadDurhamNH03824USA The Nature Conservancy Natural Climate SolutionsAfrica Regional Portland Office45 Exchange StSuite 303PortlandME04101USA

We analyzed over 8 decades of change in forest composition(represented by species proportion of basal area)and size class from more than 400 permanent plots located on the Bartlett Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire.These data represent one of the longest-term landscape-scale records of forest change based on permanent plots in North America.We analyzed the plots based on elevation class,land type indicating assumed successional direction(grouped into coniferous and deciduous),and inventory period within managed and unmanaged portions of the forest.An ongoing shift from small-to large-diameter stems is clear across all species,in response to the overall aging of the forest following exploitative harvesting in the 19th century.Major compositional changes include a continuing decline in shade-intolerant species(paper birch and aspen),along with the mid-tolerant yellow birch.An increase in red maple abundance through the early 1990s has leveled off or reversed.Among shade-tolerant species,increases in beech and red spruce were largely consistent with assumed land type on unmanaged plots,but heavy marking against diseased beech on managed plots restricted increase of that species.Sugar maple declined in abundance except where silvicultural intervention helped maintain it.By contrast,eastern hemlock showed a continuing expansion at all elevations below 600 m.The data continue to show little or no evidence of upward migration of species,despite evidence of recent regional change in climate.However,the BEF is poised for substantial changes when emerald ash borer and hemlock woolly adelgid,both of which are known to infest nearby areas,do arrive.

关键词： Northern hardwoods Succession Stand dynamics Silviculture

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Colonic ulcerations may predict steroid-refractory course in patients with ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2017年第11期23卷 2023-2028页

作者： Animesh Jain evan J Lipson William H Sharfman Steven R Brant Mark g Lazarev division of gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill department of Oncology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center division of gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine

AIM To investigate management of patients who develop ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis, including association of endoscopic findings with steroid-refractory symptoms and utility of infliximab as second-line therapy.METHOdS We retrospectively reviewed all patients at our centerwith metastatic melanoma who were treated with ipilimumab between March 2011 and May 2014. All patients received a standard regimen of intravenous ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 wk for four doses or until therapy was stopped due to toxicity or disease progression. Basic demographic and clinical data were collected on all patients. For patients who developed grade 2 or worse diarrhea(increase of 4 bowel movements per day), additional data were collected regarding details of gastrointestinal symptoms, endoscopic findings and treatment course. descriptive statistics were used.RESULTS A total of 114 patients were treated with ipilimumab during the study period and all were included. Sixteen patients(14%) developed ≥ grade 2 diarrhea. All patients were treated with high-dose corticosteroids(1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily or equivalent). Nine of 16 patients(56%) had ongoing diarrhea despite highdose steroids. Steroid-refractory patients received one dose of intravenous infliximab at 5 mg/kg, and all but one had brisk resolution of diarrhea. Fourteen of the patients underwent either colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy with variable endoscopic findings, ranging from mild erythema to colonic ulcers. Among 8 patients with ulcers demonstrated by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, 7 patients(88%) developed steroidrefractory symptoms requiring infliximab. With a median follow-up of 264 d, no major adverse events associated with prednisone or infliximab were reported.CONCLUSION In patients with ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis, the presence of colonic ulcers on endoscopy was associated with a steroid-refractory course.

关键词： Ipilimumab Melanoma Enterocolitis Colitis Infliximab Corticosteroid Colonic ulcer

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