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Spatial coherence of electrically pumped random terahertz lasers

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Photonics Research 2022年第2期10卷 524-534页

作者： eva A.A.Pogna Alessandra Di Gaspare Kimberly Reichel chiara Liberatore Harvey E.Beere David A.Ritchie Miriam S.Vitiello NEST CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze-Scuola Normale Superiore56127 PisaItaly Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 OHEUK

Light sources with high radiance and tailored coherence properties are highly desirable for imaging applications in the mid-infrared and terahertz(THz) spectral regions, which host a large variety of molecular absorptions and distinctive fingerprints to be exploited for sensing and tomography. Here, we characterize the spatial coherence of random multimode THz quantum cascade lasers(QCLs) emitting > m W optical power per mode and showing low divergence(10°–30°), performing a modified Young’s double-slit experiment. Partial spatial coherence values ranging between 0.16 and 0.34 are retrieved, depending on the specific degree of disorder. These values are significantly lower than those(0.82) of conventional Fabry–Perot THz QCLs exploiting an identical active region quantum design. We then incorporate the devised low spatial coherence random lasers into a confocal imaging system with micrometer spatial resolution and demonstrate notable imaging performances, at THz frequencies,against spatial cross talk and speckles.

关键词： pumped random quantum

Type 2 diabetes and thyroid cancer:Synergized risk with rising air pollution

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第7期14卷 1037-1048页

作者： eva M Kruger Shaimaa A Shehata Eman A Toraih Ahmed A Abdelghany Manal S Fawzy School of Medicine Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41522Egypt Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineTulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70112United States Genetics Unit Department of Histology and Cell BiologyFaculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41522Egypt Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41522Egypt Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41522Egypt Department of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineNorthern Border UniversityArar 1321Saudi Arabia

Diabetes is a complex condition,and the causes are still not fully ***,a growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to air pollution could be linked to an increased risk of ***,exposure to certain pollutants,such as particulate Matter and Ozone,has been associated with higher rates of *** the same time,air pollution has also been linked to an increased risk of thyroid *** there is less evidence linking air pollution to thyroid cancer than to diabetes,it is clear that air pollution could have severe implications for thyroid *** pollution could increase the risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer through several *** example,air pollution could increase inflammation in the body,which is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and thyroid *** pollution could also increase oxidative stress,which is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and thyroid ***,air pollution could increase the risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer by affecting the endocrine *** review explores the link between diabetes and air pollution on thyroid *** will discuss the evidence for an association between air pollution exposure and diabetes and thyroid cancer,as well as the potential implications of air pollution for thyroid *** the connections between diabetes,air pollution,and thyroid cancer,it is essential to take preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing the condition.

关键词： Air pollution Diabetes mellitus Health risk Thyroid cancer Thyroid disorders

Believing processes during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with bipolar disorder:An exploratory study

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第7期12卷 929-943页

作者： Sophie Tietz Jolana Wagner-Skacel Hans-Ferdinand Angel Michaela Ratzenhofer Frederike T Fellendorf eva Fleischmann christof Körner eva Z Reininghaus Rüdiger J Seitz Nina Dalkner Institute of Psychology University of GrazGraz 8010Austria Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine Medical University of GrazGraz 8036Austria Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy Medical University of GrazGraz 8036Austria Department of Catechetics and Religious Education University of GrazGraz 8010Austria Department of Neurology Centre of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfMedical FacultyDüsseldorf D-40629Germany

BACKGROUND Believing or“credition”refers to psychological processes that integrate the cognitions and emotions that influence our *** the credition model by Angel and Seitz,four parameters are postulated:proposition,certainty,emotion and *** is assumed that believing processes are influenced by both the individual as well as socio-cultural factors and external *** or environmental circumstances can include threatening situations such as the ongoing *** has been hypothesized that believing processes related to the pandemic differ between individuals with bipolar disorder(BD)and healthy controls(HC).AIM To investigate credition in individuals with BD during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** Psychiatrically stable individuals with BD(n=52)and age-and sex matched HC(n=52)participated in an online survey during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 *** survey took place between April 9^(th) and June 4^(th),2020,in *** completed the Brief Symptom Inventory-18,the Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ,the Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a dedicated Believing Questionnaire assessing four parameters of credition(proposition,certainty,emotion and mightiness).The MAXQDA software was used to analyze the qualitative *** analyses included analyses of variance,a multivariate analysis of variance and a multivariate analysis of *** Individuals with BD reported significantly more negative propositions[F(1,102)=8.89,P=0.004,η2 p=0.08]and negative emotions[Welch´s F(1,82.46)=18.23,P<0.001,η2 p=0.18],while HC showed significantly more positive propositions[F(1,102)=7.78,P=0.006,η2 p=0.07]and emotions[F(1,102)=14.31,P<0.001,η2 p=0.12].In addition,individuals with BD showed a higher incongruence between their propositions and their emotions[F(1,102)=9.42,P=0.003,η2 p=0.08]and showed strong correlations between the parameters of the Believing Que

关键词： COVID-19 Bipolar disorder Cognition Emotions Judgement evaluation study

Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves to Moderate Mechanical Stimulation

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第3期92卷 901-920页

作者： Iva Šutevski Klara Krmpotić Sandra Vitko Nataša Bauer eva Fancev Mario Cifrek Željka Vidaković-Cifrek Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagreb10000Croatia Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of ZagrebZagreb10000Croatia

Mechanical stimulation of plants can be caused by various abiotic and biotic environmental *** from the negative consequences,it can also cause positive changes,such as acclimatization of plants to stress ***,it is necessary to study the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the response of plants to mechanical *** aim was to evaluate the response of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to a moderate force of 5 N(newton)for 20 s,which could be compared with the pressure caused by animal movement and weather conditions such as heavy *** stimulated leaves were sampled 1 h after exposure and after a recovery period of 20 *** study a possible systemic response,unstimulated leaves of treated plants were collected 20 h after exposure alongside the stimulated leaves from the same *** effect of stimulation was assessed by measuring oxidative stress parameters,antioxidant enzymes activity,total phenolics,and photosynthetic *** leaves showed increased lipid peroxidation 1 h after treatment and increased superoxide dismutase activity and phenolic oxidation rate after a 20-h recovery *** photosynthetic performance after the 20-h recovery period,the effective quantum yield of the photosystem II was lower in the stimulated leaves,whereas photochemical quenching was lower in the unstimulated leaves of the treated *** quenching was lower in the stimulated leaves 1 h after *** study suggested that plants sensed moderate force,but it did not induce pronounced change in metabolism or photosynthetic *** component analysis distinguished three groups–leaves of untreated plants,leaves analysed 1 h after stimulation,while stimulated and unstimulated leaves of treated plants analysed 20 h after treatment formed together the third *** grouping of stimulated and unstimulated leaves of treated plants could indicate signal transducti

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana mechanical stimulation oxidative stress antioxidant enzymes photosynthetic performance systemic response

New Hybrid IoT LoRaWAN/IRC Sensors:SMARTWater Metering System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 5201-5217页

作者： Vlastimil Slany Petr Koudelka eva Krcalova Jan Jobbagy Lukas Danys Rene Jaros Zdenek Slanina Michal Prauzek Radek Martinek Mendel University in Brno Faculty of AgrisciencesDepartment of AgriculturalFood and Environmental Engineering61300BrnoCzechia Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Machines and Production Biosystems94976NitraSlovakia VSB-Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceDepartment of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering70800Ostrava-PorubaCzechia

The massive development of internet of things(IoT)technologies is gaining momentum across all areas of their possible deployment—spanning from Industry 4.0 to eHealth,smart city,agriculture or waste *** ongoing development is further pushed forward by the gradual deployment of 5G *** 5G capable smart devices,it will be possible to transfer more data with shorter latency thereby resulting in exciting new use cases such as Massive ***-IoT(low-power wide area network-LPWAN)enables improved network coverage,long device operational lifetime and a high density of *** all the advantages of massive-IoT technology,there are certain cases where the original concept cannot be *** them are dangerous explosive environments or issues caused by subsurface deployment(operation during winter months or dense greenery).This article presents the concept of a hybrid solution of IoT LoRaWAN(long range wide area network)/IRC-VLC(infrared communication,visible light communication)technology,which combines advantages of both technologies according to the deployment scenario.

关键词： IRC/VLC LoRaWAN LPWAN massive IoT smart metering

What are the pathways between poverty and malaria in sub-Saharan Africa?A systematic review of mediation studies

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 13-30页

作者： Solomon T.Wafula Theresa Habermann Mara Anna Franke Jürgen May Dewi Ismajani Puradiredja eva Lorenz Johanna Brinkel Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical MedicineHamburgGermany Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health School of Public HealthMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda charité Global Health Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Hamburg-Borstel-Lubeck-RiemsHamburgGermany Department of Tropical Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UKE)HamburgGermany Institute of Medical Biostatistics Epidemiology and InformaticsUniversity Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany

Background Malaria remains a major burden in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA).While an association between poverty and malaria has been demonstrated,a clearer understanding of explicit mechanisms through which socioeconomic position(SEP)influences malaria risk is needed to guide the design of more comprehensive interventions for malaria risk *** systematic review provides an overview of the current evidence on the mediators of socioeconomic disparities in malaria in *** We searched PubMed and Web of Science for randomised controlled trials,cohort,case-control and cross-sectional studies published in English between January 1,2000 to May 31,*** studies were identified following reviews of reference lists of the studies *** included studies that either(1)conducted a formal mediation analysis of risk factors on the causal pathway between SEP and malaria infections or(2)adjusted for these potential mediators as confounders on the association between SEP and malaria using standard regression *** least two independent reviewers appraised the studies,conducted data extraction,and assessed risk of bias.A systematic overview is presented for the included *** We identified 41 articles from 20 countries in SSA for inclusion in the final *** these,30 studies used cross-sectional design,and 26 found socioeconomic inequalities in malaria *** formal mediation analyses showed limited evidence of mediation of food security,housing quality,and previous antimalarial ***,education,insecticide-treated nets,and nutrition were highlighted in the remaining studies as being protective against malaria independent of SEP,suggesting potential for ***,methodological limitations included the use of cross-sectional data,insufficient confounder adjustment,heterogeneity in measuring both SEP and malaria,and generally low or moderate-quality *** studies considered exposure mediator interactions or considered iden

关键词： Malaria Mediation Socioeconomic disparity Sub-Saharan Africa

Utilization of fly ash from coal-fired power plants in china

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第5期9卷 681-687页

作者： eva SELIC Jan-Dirk HERBELL Waste Management Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg 47057 Germany

The rapidly increasing demand for energy in china leads to the construction of new power plants all over the country. Coal, as the main fuel resource of those power plants, results in increasing problems with the disposal of solid residues from combustion and off gas cleaning. This investigation describes chances for the utilization of fly ash from coal-fired power plants in china. After briefly comparing the situation in china and Germany, the status of aluminum recycling from fly ash and the ad- vantages for using fly ash in concrete products are introduced. chemical and physical analyses of chinese fly ash samples, e.g., X-ray diffraction (XRD), ICP (Inductive Coupled Plasma) and particle size analysis, water requirement, etc. are presented. Rea- sonable amounts of aluminum were detected in the samples under investigation, but for recovery only sophisticated procedures are available up to now. Therefore, simpler techniques are suggested for the first steps in the utilization of chinese fly ash.

关键词：铝制品航空垃圾废物利用废物处理

The mutational dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in serial passages in vitro

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第2期37卷 198-207页

作者： Sissy Therese Sonnleitner Stefanie Sonnleitner eva Hinterbichler Hannah Halbfurter Dominik BCKopecky Stephan Koblmüller christian Sturmbauer Wilfried Posch Gernot Walder Dr.Gernot Walder GmbH Medical LaboratoryDepartment of VirologyAusservillgraten9931Austria Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria Institute of Biology University of GrazGraz8010Austria

Since its outbreak in 2019,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)keeps surprising the medical community by evolving diverse immune escape mutations in a rapid and effective *** gain deeper insight into mutation frequency and dynamics,we isolated ten ancestral strains of SARS-Co V-2 and performed consecutive serial incubation in ten replications in a suitable and common cell line and subsequently analysed them using RT-q PCR and whole genome *** those lines we hoped to gain fundamental insights into the evolutionary capacity of SARS-Co V-2 in *** results identified a series of adaptive genetic changes,ranging from unique convergent substitutional mutations and hitherto undescribed *** region coding for spike proved to be a mutational hotspot,evolving a number of mutational changes including the already known substitutions at positions S:484 and S:*** discussed the evolution of all specific adaptations as well as possible reasons for the seemingly inhomogeneous potential of SARS-Co V-2 in the adaptation to cell *** combination of serial passage in vitro with whole genome sequencing uncovers the immense mutational potential of some SARS-Co V-2 *** observed genetic changes of SARS-Co V-2 in vitro could not be explained solely by selectively neutral mutations but possibly resulted from the action of directional selection accumulating favourable genetic changes in the evolving variants,along the path of increasing potency of the *** among a high number of quasi-species in the SARS-Co V-2 in vitro population gene pool may reinforce directional selection and boost the speed of evolutionary change.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Whole genome sequencing(WGS) Mutational dynamics Adaptation Serial passage in vitro

Comparing the costs and benefits of virgin and urban mining

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Journal of Management Science and Engineering 2022年第1期7卷 98-106页

作者： Xianlai Zeng Tongxin Xiao Guochang Xu eva Albalghiti Guijuan Shan Jinhui Li State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA

Resource and environmental management are shaping our society and *** mining is rapidly becoming unsustainable as primary resources are in increasingly short supply and energy consumption continues to *** mining through a circular economy has emerged as a promising option for securing copper and aluminum ***,the sustainability and viability of this circular economy industry are heavily dependent on its ***,we demonstrate the economic benefits of urban mining for anthropogenic minerals:e-waste,end-of-life vehicles,waste wiring and *** material and cost flows associated with urban mining are deeply *** life cycle cost and cost-benefit analysis,the cost of obtaining one ton of copper or aluminum is found to be,on average,3,000 US$or 1,660 US$,which is significantly lower than the cost of virgin ***,in terms of the costs and benefits,copper may differ tremendously from aluminum depending on the type of anthropogenic *** additional regulations or policies enactment need to reinforce the urban mining and circular economy.

关键词： Circular economy Resource sustainability Cost-benefit analysis Urban mining Virgin mining