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Are genetically distinct lizard species able to hybridize？ A review

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 155-180页

作者： Jitka JANCUCHOVA-LASKOVA eva LANDOVA Daniel fRYNTA Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Charles University Vini6n~t 7 CZ-128 44 Prague Czech Republic

Animal species are delimited by reproductive isolation mechanisms （RIMs）. Postzygotic RIMs are mainly products of genetic differences and thus their strength increases with elapsed divergence time. The relationship between postzygotic repro- ductive isolation and genetic divergence, however, differs considerably among major clades of vertebrates. We reviewed the available literature providing empirical evidence of natural and/or experimental hybridization between distinct species of lizards （squamates except snakes）. We found that hybridization events are widely distributed among nearly all major lizard clades. The majority of research focuses on parthenogenetic species and/or polyploid hybrids in families Lacertidae, Teiidae and Gekkonidae. Homoploid bisexual hybrids are mainly reported within Lacertidae and Iguania groups. As a proxy of genetic divergence of the hybridizing taxa we adopted nucleotide sequence distance （HKY85） of mitochondrial cyt b gene. The upper limit of genetic di- vergence was similar with regard to both parthenogenetic and bisexual hybrids. Maximum values of these distances between hy- bridizing species of lizards approached 18%-21%, which is comparable to or even exceeds the corresponding values reported for other principal clades of vertebrates. In spite of this, f1 hybrids are typically at least partially fertile in lizards and thus genetic introgression between highly divergent species is possible. The relationship between the genetic distance and hybrid fertility was not found [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 155-180, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization Introgression fertility Viability Genetic divergence Lizards

On the study of ricochet and penetration in sand,water and gelatin by spheres,7.62 mm APM2,and 25 mm projectiles

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 159-170页

作者： John f.MOXNES ∅yvind fR∅YLAND Stian SKRIUDALEN Anne K.PRYTZ Jan A.TELAND eva f.iis Gard ∅DEGARDSTUEN Land Systems Division Norwegian Defence Research EstablishmentP.O.Box 25N0-2027 KjellerNorway Nammo Raufoss AS P.O.Box 162N0-2831 RaufossNorway

We examine the ricochet and penetration behavior in sand, water and gelatin by steel spheres, 7.62 mm APM2 and 25 mm projectiles. A threshold impact angle(critical angle) exists beyond which ricochet cannot occur. The Autodyn simulation code with the smooth particle hydrodynamic(SPH) method and Impetus Afea Solver with the corpuscular model are used and the results are compared with experimental and analytical results. The resistance force in sand for spheres was proportional to a term quadratic in velocity plus a term linear in velocity. The drag coefficient for the quadratic term was 0.65. The Autodyn and Impetus Afea codes simulate too large penetration due to the lack of a linear velocity resistance force. Critical ricochet angles were consistent with analytical results in the literature. In ballistic gelatin at velocities of 50–850 m/s a drag coefficient of 0.30 fits the high speed camera recordings if a linear velocity resistance term is included. However, only a quadratic velocity resistance force with drag coefficient that varies with the Reynolds number also fits the measurements. The simulation of a sphere in water with Autodyn showed too large drag coefficient. The 7.62 mm APM2 core simulations in sand fit reasonable well for both codes. The 25 mm projectile ricochet simulations in sand show consistency with the high speed camera recordings. Computer time was reduced by one to two orders of magnitudes when applying the Impetus Afea Solver compared to Autodyn code due to the use of the graphics processing units(GPU).

关键词：明胶微球渗透行为炮弹光滑粒子流体动力学阻力系数模拟显示高速摄像机砂

Multi-material multi-photon 3D laser microand nanoprinting

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2021年第3期2卷 14-30页

作者： Liang Yang frederik Mayer Uwe H.f.Bunz eva Blasco Martin Wegener Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76128 KarlsruheGermany Institute of Applied Physics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76128 KarlsruheGermany Institut für Organische Chemie Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120 HeidelbergGermany Centre for Advanced Materials(CAM) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 225 and 27069120 HeidelbergGermany

Three-dimensional(3D)laser micro-and nanoprinting based upon multi-photon absorption has made its way from early scientific discovery to industrial manufacturing processes,e.g.,for advanced microoptical ***,so far,most realized 3D architectures are composed of only a single polymeric ***,we review 3D printing of multi-materials on the nano-and *** start with material properties that have been realized,using multi-photon *** materials include bulk polymers,conductive polymers,metals,nanoporous polymers,silica glass,chalcogenide glasses,inorganic single crystals,natural polymers,stimuliresponsive materials,and polymer ***,we review manual and automated processes achieving dissimilar material properties in a single 3D structure by sequentially photo-exposing multiple photoresists as 3D analogs of 2D multicolor *** examples from biology,optics,mechanics,and electronics are *** emerging approach–without counterpart in 2D graphical printing–prints 3D structures combining dissimilar material properties in one 3D structure by using only a single photoresist.A controlled stimulus applied during the 3D printing process defines and determines material properties on the voxel *** of laser power and/or wavelength,or application of quasi-static electric fields allow for the seamless manipulation of desired materials properties.

关键词： properties sequentially struc

Tire abrasion particles negatively affect plant growth even at low concentrations and alter soil biogeochemical cycling

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Soil Ecology Letters 2022年第4期4卷 409-415页

作者： eva f.Leifheit Hanna L.Kissener Erik faltin Masahiro Ryo Matthias C.Rillig freie Universitat Berlin Institut fur Biologie14195 BerlinGermany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research 14195 BerlinGermany Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALf) 15374 MünchebergGermany Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg 03046 CottbusGermany

Tire particles(TPs)are a major source of microplastic on land,and considering their chemical composition,they represent a potential hazard for the terrestrial *** studied the effectsof TPs at environmentally relevant concentrations alongawide concentrationgradient(0–160 mg g^(-1))and tested the effects on plant growth,soil pH and the key ecosystem process of litter decomposition and soil *** addition of TPs negatively affected shoot and root growth already at low *** litter decomposition slightly increased with lower additions of TPs but decreased later *** pH increased until a TP concentration of 80 mg g^(-1) and leveled off *** respiration clearly increased with increasing concentration of added *** growth was likely reduced with starting contamination and stopped when contamination reached a certain level in the *** presence of TPs altered a number of biogeochemical soil parameters that can have further effects on plant *** the quantities of yearly produced TPs,their persistence,and toxic potential,we assume that these particles will eventually have a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： Microplastic pollution Tire particles Plant growth Soil respiration Soil pH Litter decomposition

Amyloid fragments and their toxicity on neural cells

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2019年第2期6卷 121-127页

作者： eva Bystrenova Zuzana Bednarikova Marianna Barbalinardo Cristiano Albonetti francesco Valle Zuzana Gazova Institute of Nanostructured Materials I.S.M.N–C.N.R. via Gobetti101Bologna 40129Italy Department of Biophysics Institute of Experimental Physics SASWatsonova 47Kosice 04353Slovakia

The formation of amyloid fibrils from soluble proteins is a common form of self-assembly phenomenon that has fundamental connections with biological functions and human *** was converted from its soluble native state into highly organized amyloid *** treatment was used to break amyloid fibrils to fibrillar fragments–*** force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy was employed to characterize the morphology of the amyloid assemblies and neural cells–amyloid *** results demonstrate that prefibrillar intermediated and their mixture with proteins exhibit toxicity,although native proteins and fibrils appear to have no effect on number of *** findings confirm that innocuous hen lysozyme can be engineered to produce both cytotoxic fibrillar fragments and non-toxic mature amyloid *** work further strengthens the claim that amyloid conformation,and not the identity of the protein,is key to cellular toxicity and the underlying specific cell death mechanism.

关键词： amyloid fibrils protein aggregation neural cells atomic force microscopy fluorescence microscopy

Macrofaunal communities of threatened subtidal maёrl seabeds on Tenerife (Canary Islands, north-east Atlantic Ocean) in summer

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2012年第1期31卷 98-105页

作者： Rodrigo Riera Juan Domingo Delgado Myriam Rodríguez Óscar Monterroso eva Ramos Centro de Investigaciones Medioambientales del Atlántico(CIMA SL) C/Arzobispo Elías Yanes Área de Ecología Departamento de Sistemas FísicosQuímicos y Naturales.Facultad de Ciencias ExperimentalesUniversidad Pablo de Olavide

This study contributes with the first data on physical and taxonomical structure of macrofaunal assemblages of maerl beds from the Canary Islands. Maerl beds and Cymodocea nodosa meadows of the Canary Islands are considered biodiversity hot-spots in terms of taxonomic and functional biodiversity with a broad geographical and depth ranges. The authors have studied the structure of the macrofaunal assemblages on different habitat types （Cymodocea, Caulerpa, sabellid field, garden eel and maerl beds）. Samples were taken at a range of depths between 14 and 46 m. Correlations were performed among abiotic variables （granulometry, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphates） and the most abundant taxa. Similarity analysis was performed to explore the patchiness of seabeds at a local scale. Significant differences were found in macrofaunal assemblages among seabed types, with highest abundances and lowest biodiversity in sabellid fields, where the sabellid Bispira viola dominated. The polychaetes Aponuphis bilineata and Chone filicauda and the mollusc Turritella brochii were the most abundant taxa on maerl beds. The mosaic of granulometric conditions would explain the associated macroinfaunal community structure and contribute to the creation of diversity on these relatively well preserved seabeds at a local scale.

关键词： Macrofauna Polychaetes Amphipods Molluscs soft-bottoms subtidal Tenerife Canary Islands

Dementia and osteoporosis in a geriatric population: Is there a common link?

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第5期8卷 412-423页

作者： Candice L Downey Adam Young Emily f Burton Simon M Graham Robert J Macfarlane eva-Maria Tsapakis Eleftherios Tsiridis University of Leeds School of Medicine Department of Anaesthetics Pinderfields Hospital Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics the Royal Liverpool University Hospital Academic Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Aristotle University Medical School

AIM To determine the existence of a common pathological link between dementia and osteoporosis through reviewing the current evidence base. METHODS This paper reviews the current literature on osteoporosis and dementia in order to ascertain evidence of a common predisposing aetiology. A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(1950 to June 2016) was conducted. The keywords "osteoporosis", "osteoporotic fracture", "dementia" and "Alzheimer's disease"(AD) were used to determine the theoretical links with the most significant evidence base behind them. The key links were found to be vitamins D and K, calcium, thyroid disease, statins, alcohol and sex steroids. These subjects were then searched in combination with the previous terms and the resulting papers manually examined. Theoretical, in vitro and in vivo research were all used to inform this review which focuses on the most well developed theoretical common causes for dementia(predominantly Alzheimer's type) and *** Dementia and osteoporosis are multifaceted disease processes with similar epidemiology and a marked increase in prevalence in elderly populations. The existence of a common link between the two has been suggested despite a lack of clear pathological overlap in our current understanding. Research to date has tended to be fragmented and relatively weak in nature with multiple confounding factors reflecting the difficulties of in vivo experimentation in the population of interest. Despite exploration of various possible mechanisms in search for a link between the two pathologies, this paper found that it is possible that these associations are coincidental due to the nature of the evidence available. One finding in this review is that prior investigation into common aetiologies has found raised amyloid beta peptide levels in osteoporotic bone tissue, with a hypothesis that amyloid beta disorders are systemic disorders resulting in differing tissue manifestations. However, our findings were that t

关键词： Osteoporosis fracture Dementia Thyroid disease Alzheimer’s disease Elderly Vitamin D Vitamin K Calcium Statins Alcohol Sex steroids

In vivo cardiac pacemaker function of differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue transplanted into porcine hearts

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2020年第10期12卷 1133-1151页

作者： fabrice f Darche Rasmus Rivinius Ann-Kathrin Rahm eva Köllensperger Uwe Leimer Günter Germann Miriam Reiss Michael Koenen Hugo A Katus Dierk Thomas Patrick A Schweizer Department of Cardiology Medical University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg D-69120Germany DZHK(German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Heidelberg/MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelberg D-69120Germany HCR(Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders) Department of CardiologyMedical University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg D-69120Germany Department of Plastic Surgery ETHIANUM Klinik HeidelbergHeidelberg D-69115Germany Department of Molecular Neurobiology Max-Planck-Institute for Medical ResearchHeidelberg D-69120Germany

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)modified by gene transfer to express cardiac pacemaker channels such as HCN2 or HCN4 were shown to elicit pacemaker function after intracardiac transplantation in experimental animal *** MSC derived from adipose tissue(haMSC)differentiate into cells with pacemaker properties in vitro,but little is known about their behavior after intracardiac *** To investigate whether haMSC elicit biological pacemaker function in vivo after transplantation into pig *** haMSC under native conditions(nhaMSC)or after pre-conditioning by medium differentiation(dhaMSC)(n=6 pigs each,5×106 cells/animal)were injected into the porcine left ventricular free *** receiving PBS injection served as controls(n=6).four weeks later,total atrioventricular(AV)-block was induced by radiofrequency catheter ablation,and electronic pacemaker devices were implanted for backup stimulation and heart rate *** rate and rhythm of pigs were evaluated during a follow-up of 15 d post ablation by 12-lead-ECG with heart rate assessment,24-h continuous rate monitoring recorded by electronic pacemaker,assessment of escape recovery time,and pharmacological challenge to address catecholaminergic rate ***,hearts were analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical *** In vivo transplantation of dhaMSC into the left ventricular free wall of pigs elicited spontaneous and regular rhythms that were pace-mapped to ventricular injection sites(mean heart rate 72.2±3.6 bpm;n=6)after experimental total AV *** rhythms were stably detected over a 15-d period and were sensitive to catecholaminergic stimulation(mean maximum heart rate 131.0±6.2 bpm;n=6;Pficantly lower ventricular rates(mean heart rates 47.2±2.5 bpm and 37.4±3.2 bpm,respectively;n=6 each;P<0.001)and exhibited little sensitivity towards catecholaminergic stimulatio

关键词： Biological cardiac pacemaker Mesenchymal stem cells Differentiation Animal model Cell transplantation Stem cell therapy

Dilute carbon in H_(3)S under pressure

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 806-814页

作者： Xiaoyu Wang Tiange Bi Katerina P.Hilleke Anmol Lamichhane Russell J.Hemley eva Zurek Department of Chemistry State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA Department of Physics University of Illinois ChicagoChicagoILUSA Departments of Physics Chemistryand Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoUSA

Recently,room temperature superconductivity was measured in a carbonaceous sulfur hydride material whose identity remains ***,first-principles calculations are performed to provide a chemical basis for structural candidates derived by doping H3S with low levels of *** stabilizes unusual bonding configurations about the carbon atoms,which can be six-fold coordinated as CH_(6) entities within the cubic H_(3)S framework,or four-fold coordinated as methane intercalated into the H-S lattice,with or without an additional hydrogen in the *** doping breaks degenerate bands,lowering the density of states at the fermi level(Nf),and localizing electrons in C-H *** levels of CH_(4) doping do not increase N_(f) to values as high as those calculated for Im3m-H_(3)S,but they can yield a larger logarithmic average phonon frequency,and an electron–phonon coupling parameter comparable to that of R3m-H_(3)*** implications of carbon doping on the superconducting properties are discussed.

关键词： doping phonon carbon