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Food preference of the rove beetle, Atheta coriaria Kraatz （Coleoptera： Staphylinidae） under laboratory conditions

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Insect Science 2007年第1期14卷 53-56页

作者： eva m. BIRKEN RAYmOND A. CLOYD Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA

A study, involving laboratory choice tests, was conducted to determine the feeding behavior, based on food preference, of the adult and larval stage of the rove beetle, Atheta coriaria Kraatz when presented with both fresh moistened oatmeal and second instar fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila （Lintner） larvae in Petri dishes. Rove beetles used in this study came from a laboratory-reared colony. A rating scale from 1 to 5, based on percent missing （1 = 0 to 10%, 2 = 11 to 30%, 3 = 31 to 50%, 4 = 51 to 75%, and 5 = 76 to 100%）, was used to objectively assess the amount of oatmeal and number of fungus gnat larvae consumed by each rove beetle adult and larva. In all the choice tests, A. coriaria adults and larvae preferred to feed on fungus gnat larvae （78% and 69%, respectively） significantly more so than oatmeal （9% and 5%, respectively） based on the amount of oatmeal and number of fungus gnat larvae consumed after 4 and 6 hours. There were relatively minimal differences in the amount of food consumed for both adults and larvae after 4 and 6 hours. The results of this study indicate that oatmeal may be an inexpensive supplemental food source, during the rearing process, which will not inhibit the effectiveness of rove beetles to control fungus gnat larvae when released into greenhouses.

关键词： Atheta coriaria biological control choice tests feeding behavior fungus gnats

Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke Scholz Liine Heikkinen eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang markus Leiminger Joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin maximilian Koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel moreno Tuukka Pet?j? Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel Samara Carbone markku Kulmala marcos Andrade Douglas Worsnop Claudia mohr Federico Bianchi Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics University of Helsinki Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes Agrarian Sciences Institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Environmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOms)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOms measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOms, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOms are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

Effect and feasibility of wearable physical activity trackers and pedometers for increasing physical activity and improving health outcomes in cancer survivors:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第2期11卷 184-193页

作者： Benjamin Singh eva m.Zopf Erin J Howden Gallipoli medical Research Foundation Greenslopes Private HospitalGreenslopesQLD 4120Australia mary macKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute MelbourneVIC 3004Australia

Purpose:This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of wearable devices for improving physical activity and healthrelated outcomes in cancer ***:CINAHL,Cochrane,Ebscohost,mEDLINE,Pubmed,ProQuest Health and medical Complete,ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source,ScienceDirect,and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published before September 1,2020,that evaluated interventions involving wearable devices in cancer *** mean differences(SmDs)were calculated to assess effects on physical activity and health-related *** analyses were conducted to assess whether the effects differed by interventions and cancer *** of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias ***:Thirty-five trials were included(breast cancer,n=15,43%).Intervention durations ranged between 4 weeks and 1 *** trials(n=25,71%)involved pedometer-based physical activity ***(20%)involved Fitbit-based interventions,and 3(9%)involved other wearable physical activity trackers(e.g.,Polar,Garmin).Compared to usual care,wearable devices had moderate-to-large effects(SmD range 0.54-0.87,pmoderate-intensity physical activity,moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity,total physical activity,and daily *** to usual care,those in the intervention had higher quality of life,aerobic fitness,physical function,and reduced fatigue(SmD range=0.18-0.66,all pmeters are effective tools that increase physical activity and improve health-related outcomes in individuals with *** how these devices can be implemented for longer-term use with other intervention components remains an area for future research.

关键词： Activity tracker Cancer Exercise Physical activity Wearable

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Promoting axon regeneration in the central nervous system by increasing PI3-kinase signaling

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1172-1182页

作者： Bart Nieuwenhuis Richard eva John van Geest Center for Brain Repair Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK

much research has focused on the PI3-kinase and PTEN signaling pathway with the aim to stimulate repair of the injured central nervous *** in the central nervous system fail to regenerate,meaning that injuries or diseases that cause loss of axonal connectivity have life-changing *** 2008,genetic deletion of PTEN was identified as a means of stimulating robust regeneration in the optic *** is a phosphatase that opposes the actions of PI3-kinase,a family of enzymes that function to generate the membrane phospholipid PIP_(3) from PIP_(2)(phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate from phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bisphosphate).Deletion of PTEN therefore allows elevated signaling downstream of PI3-kinase,and was initially demonstrated to promote axon regeneration by signaling through *** recently,additional mechanisms have been identified that contribute to the neuron-intrinsic control of regenerative *** review describes neuronal signaling pathways downstream of PI3-kinase and PIP3,and considers them in relation to both developmental and regenerative axon *** briefly discuss the key neuron-intrinsic mechanisms that govern regenerative ability,and describe how these are affected by signaling through *** highlight the recent finding of a developmental decline in the generation of PIP_(3) as a key reason for regenerative failure,and summarize the studies that target an increase in signaling downstream of PI3-kinase to facilitate regeneration in the adult central nervous ***,we discuss obstacles that remain to be overcome in order to generate a robust strategy for repairing the injured central nervous system through manipulation of PI3-kinase signaling.

关键词： axon cytoskeleton axon regeneration axon transport cell signaling central nervous system growth cone neuroprotection PI3-kinase PI3K PTEN trafficking transcription translation

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Long-term changes in biological soil crust cover and composition

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 54-63页

作者： eva Dettweiler-Robinson Jeanne m Ponzetti Jonathan D Bakker Department of Biology University of New MexicoMSC0320201 University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 98131U.S.A. 2914 Central St.SE OlympiaWA 98501U.S.A. School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of WashingtonBox 354115SeattleWA98195-4115U.S.A.

Introduction:Communities change over time due to disturbances,variations in climate,and species *** soil crust communities are important because they contribute to erosion control and nutrient *** types may respond differently to changes in environmental conditions:single-celled organisms and bryophytes quickly recover after a disturbance,while lichens are slow growing and dominate favorable *** change in crusts has seldom been assessed using repeated *** this study,we hypothesized that changes in crust composition were related to disturbance,topographic position,and invasive ***:We monitored permanent plots in the Columbia Basin in 1999 and 2010 and compared changes in crust composition,cover,richness,and turnover with predictor variables of herbivore exclosure,elevation,heat load index,time since fire,presence of an invasive grass,and change in cover of the invasive ***:Bryophytes were cosmopolitan with high *** lichens did not change *** taxa differed by monitoring *** and total crust cover declined,and there was lower turnover outside of herbivore *** cover did not change *** that burned recently had high *** in taxon richness was correlated with presence of an invasive grass in *** in cover of the invasive grass was positively related to proportional loss and negatively related to ***:Composition and turnover metrics differed significantly over 11 years,though cover was more stable between *** study can be a baseline for assessing change in crust composition due to anthropogenic influences.

关键词： Biological soil crust Columbia basin Composition change Taxa turnover rate Fire Bromus tectorum Livestock exclosure

The USLE soil erodibility nomograph revisited

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第1期11卷 1-13页

作者： eva Corral-Pazos-de-Provens ígor Rapp-Arraras Juan m.Domingo-Santos School of Engineering University of HuelvaE-21007 HuelvaSpain

The nomograph by Wischmeier et al.(1971)for calculating the K-factor in the USLE was extremely useful when there was low access to ***,the generalised calculation of this factor requires the development of analytic *** paper presents a detailed analysis of the nomograph and its underlying equation,which is applicable only when the silt plus very find sand fraction does not exceed 70%.We also examined the quality of fit on the nomograph of the adaptations to the equation that have been proposed,as a means of dealing with those areas where the original equation is not *** models are shown to have areas where the fit is deficient or even ***,the family of curves on the nomograph for the various values taken by the organic matter are not coincident with the mathematical function from which they presumably *** study also identifies those areas of the textural triangle in which the soils originally used in developing the USLE are located,with a view to according a lower predictive value to the contrasting areas in which calculations of the K-factor will necessarily be ***,a new equation for calculating the K-factor is presented,which accurately reproduces the different sections of the nomograph,and allows the poorly functioning graph to be dispensed *** paper ends with a link to a tool in R for simplifying the procedure for calculating the K-factor,taking into account varying situations of data availability.

关键词： K-factor RUSLE Soil texture Organic matter Very find sand Soil loss prediction

5-Azacytidine induces changes in electrophysiological properties of human mesenchymal stem cells

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Cell Research 2006年第12期16卷 949-960页

作者： Bartosz Balana Cecilia Nicolett Ihor Zahanich eva m Graf Torsten Christ Sabine Boxberger Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology medical Clinic I Medical FacultyDresden University of TechnologyFetscherstr.74D-01307 DresdenGermany

Previously,mouse bone marrow-derived stem cells（mSC）treated with the unspecific DNA methyltransferase inhibi-tor 5-azacytidine were reported to differentiate into *** aim of the present study was to investigate theefficiency of a similar differentiation strategy in human mononuclear cells obtained from healthy bone marrow *** 1-3 passages,cultures were exposed for 24 h to 5-azacytidine（3μm）followed by 6 weeks of further *** treatment did not induce expression of myogenic marker myoD or cardiac markers Nkx2.5 and GATA-4 and didnot yield beating cells during *** patch clamp experiments,approximately 10-15% of treated and untreatedcells exhibited L-type Ca2+ *** all cells showed outwardly rectifying K+currents of rapid or slow *** current amplitude at +60 mV doubled after 6 weeks of treatment compared with time-matched *** capacitance of treated cells was significantly larger than in controls 2 weeks after treatment and remained highafter 6 *** levels ofmRNAs for the K+channels Kv1.1,Kv1.5,Kv2.1,Kv4.3 and KCNmA1 and for theCa2+ channel Cav1.2 were not affected by *** with potassium channel blockers tetraethylammoniumand clofilium at concentrations shown previously to inhibit rapid or slowly activating K+currents of hmSC inhibitedproliferation of these *** results suggest that despite the absence of differentiation of hmSC into cardiomyocytes,treatment with 5-azacytidine caused profound changes in current density.

关键词： human mesenchymal stem cells 5-azacytidine cardiac differentiation outward K~+ currents

Effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine: An in silico pharmacological model

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2020年第8期13卷 366-374页

作者： mila Nu Nu Htay Ian m Hastings eva maria Hodel Katherine Kay Liverpool School of Tropical medicine Liverpool L35QAUnited Kingdom Department of Community medicine Melaka-Manipal Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE)MelakaMalaysia malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme BlantyreMalawi University of Liverpool Liverpool L693GFUnited Kingdom metrum Research Group TariffvilleConnecticut06081United States of America

Objective:To explore the efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy(IPTp)with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine(SP)against sensitive ***:A pharmacological model was used to investigate the effectiveness of the previous recommended at least two-dose regimen,currently recommended three-dose regimen and 4,6,8-weekly regimens with specific focus on the impact of various nonadherence patterns in multiple transmission ***:The effectiveness of the recommended three-dose regimen is high in all the transmission intensities,i.e.>99%,98%and 92%in low,moderate and high transmission intensities *** simulated 4 and 6 weekly IPTp-SP regimens were able to prevent new infections with sensitive parasites in almost all women(>99%)regardless of transmission ***,8 weekly interval dose schedules were found to have 71%and 86%protective efficacies in high and moderate transmission areas,*** highlights that patients are particularly vulnerable to acquiring new infections if IPTp-SP doses are ***:The pharmacological model predicts that full adherence to the currently recommended three-dose regimen should provide almost complete protection from malaria infection in moderate and high transmission ***,it also highlights that patients are particularly vulnerable to acquiring new infections if IPTp doses are spaced too widely or if doses are *** to the recommended IPTp-SP schedules is recommended.

关键词： Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine malaria infection in pregnancy Three-dose regimen In silico pharmacological model

Influence of temperature and pressure during thermoforming of softwood pulp

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第4期8卷 408-420页

作者： eva Pasquier Robert Skunde Jost Ruwoldt RISE PFI AS Høgskoleringen 6BTrondheim 7491Norway TU-Berlin Institute for Polymer Technology and Polymer PhysicsErnst Reuter Platz 1Berlin 10587Germany

In this study,the influence of thermoforming conditions on the resulting material properties was investigated,which aimed at developing advanced wood-fiber-based materials for the replacement of fossil *** bleached softwood pulps were studied,i.e.,northern bleached softwood Kraft pulp(NBSK)and chemi-thermomechanical softwood pulp(CTmP).The thermoforming conditions were varied between 2–100 mPa and 150–200℃,while pressing sheets of 500 g/m^(2)for 10 min to represent thin-walled packaging more *** our results showed,the temperature had a more pronounced effect on the CTmP substrates than on the Kraft *** was explained by the greater abundance of lignin and hemicelluloses,while fibrillar dimensions and the fines content may play a role in ***,the CTmP exhibited an optimum in terms of tensile strength at intermediate thermoforming *** effect was attributed to two counteracting effects:1)Improved fiber adhesion due to enhanced densification,and 2)embrittlement caused by the loss of *** temperatures likely softened the lignin,enabling fiber collapse and a tighter *** the Kraft substrates,the tensile strength increased linearly with *** pulps showed reduced wetting at elevated thermoforming temperature and pressure,which was attributed to hornification and densification ***,the effect of temperature was again more pronounced for CTmP than for the Kraft *** was concluded that the thermoforming temperature and pressure strongly affected the properties of the final *** chemical composition of the pulps will distinctly affect their response to thermoforming,which could be useful for tailoring cellulose-based replacements for packaging products.

关键词： Thermoforming molded pulp Fiber-based materials Softwood pulp CTmP NBSK