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Development of a Consolidated Anaerobic Digester and Microbial Fuel Cell to Produce Biomethane and Electricity from Cellulosic Biomass Using Bovine Rumen Microorganisms

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2019年第2期9卷 17-28页

作者： Rebecca Chung eunice yujin kang Yun Jae Shin Justin Jong Park Peter Sang Park Chang Hyun Han Byungjun Kim Seog In Moon Jooheon Park Paul Sung Chung Centreville High School Clifton VA USA West Springfield High School Springfield VA USA Department of Biological Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Biology College of Arts & Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Biological Science Mellon College of Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Biology Amherst College Amherst MA USA Biology Science Program University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Fuzbien Technology Institute (FTI) Rockville USA

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical systems that convert chemical energy contained in organic matter into electrical energy by using the catalytic (metabolic) activity of living microorganisms. Mediator-less two chamber H-type MFCs were constructed in the current study, using dairy digester microbial population as anode inocula to convert finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) to electricity. MFCs were placed at 37°C and after the circuit voltage was stabilized on d9, bovine rumen microorganisms cultured anaerobically for 48 hrs in cellulose broth media were added to treatment group of MFC at 1% v/v dosage. MFC power and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10 d. At the end of incubation on d19 head space gas and anode chamber liquid solutions were collected and analyzed for total gas volume and composition, and volatile fatty acids, respectively. Addition of enriched rumen microorganisms to anaerobic anode chamber increased cellulose digestibility and increased both CO2 and methane production;however, it decreased the methane to CO2 ratio. Over the experimental period, electricity generation was increased with rumen microorganism addition, and power density normalized to anode surface area was 17.6 to 67.2 mW/m2 with average of 36.0 mW/m2 in treatment, while control group had 3.6 to 21.6 (AVE 12.0) mW/m2. These observations imply that biocatalysis in MFCs requires additional cellulolytic activities to utilize structural biomass in bioenergy production.

关键词： Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) Bovine Rumen Bacteria Bioenergy

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Sexually Transmitted Diseases at Monkey Bay Community Hospital in Mangochi, Malawi;an Analysis of Characteristics of Common Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第4期10卷 243-252页

作者： David S. Chung Min Jung Koh Sung Hwan Chough Seog In Moon Gene K. Lee Ivy Kim yujin Kim Jae Hee Kim Lorie Kim Hyunjin Kim eunice kang Fatsani Manase Thomas Nyirenda School of Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Youth with Talents Fairfax VA USA School of Medicine Georgetwon University Washington DC USA College of Dentistry NYU New York NY USA Clinical Research Education and Management Service Lilongwe Malawi

We present the characteristics of the commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infections (STI) at a clinic of Monkey Bay community hospital by a retrospective study. We conducted an audit of patients’ hospital records from a STIs clinic at Monkey Bay community hospital in Mangochi District (Malawi) covering a period from January 2019 to June 2019 (18 months). Data was tabulated in excel and analyses were made based on sex, age, male circumcision status, pregnancy and the pattern of STIs diagnosed within the chosen study period. A total number of 659 clients presented at STI clinic of Monkey Bay community hospital between January 2018 and June 2019. Out these clients, 409 (62%) were females and 250 (38%) were males. Most of the patients were in the age range of 25 years or above (447, 68%). Majority of the patients were HIV negative (523, 79%). Out of the 250 males, 113 (45%) were circumcised. Among female patients 56 of the 409 (14%) were pregnant. The most common presentations for all cases put together were lower abdominal pain (253, 38%), then urethral discharge (189, 29%), abnormal vaginal discharge (141, 21%), genital ulcer disease (64, 10%), in that order. Syphilis, genital warts, inguinal bubo and scrotal swelling were less common. The most common presentation in males was urethral discharge (178, 71%), while in females it was lower abdominal pain (214, 52%). Our audit showed that in Mangochi (Malawi) sexually transmitted diseases of various types are more common among young adults, females and uncircumcised men. There was no much difference in the percentage of STI’s between HIV positive and HIV negative people. These results point to an alarmingly high level of risky sexual behaviors among sexually active age groups in this part of Malawi, a country which still has one of the highest HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. This calls for continued and better research and control for transmission of STIs in the district.

关键词： Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Mangochi Malawi

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