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Multiphoton microscopy:An introduction to gastroenterologists

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第40期17卷 4456-4460页

作者： Hye Jin Cho Hoon Jai Chun eun sun kim Bong Rae Cho Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition Department of Internal Medicine Korea University College of Medicine 136-705 Seoul South Korea Department of Chemistry Korea University 136-705 Seoul South Korea

Multiphoton microscopy, relying on the simultaneous absorption of two or more photons by a fluorophore, has come to occupy a prominent place in modern biomedical research with its ability to allow real-time observation of a single cell and molecules in intact tissues. Multiphoton microscopy exhibits nonlinear optical contrast properties, which can make it possible to provide an exceptionally large depth penetration with less phototoxicity. This system becomes more and more an inspiring tool for a non-invasive imaging system to realize "optical biopsy" and to examine the functions of living cells. In this review, we briefly present the physical principles and properties of multiphoton microscopy as well as the current applications in biological fields. In addition, we address what we see as the future potential of multiphoton microscopy for gastroenterologic research.

关键词：多光子显微镜胃肠道成像系统非线性光学同时吸收生物医学单个细胞实时观察

Air in the main pancreatic duct:A case of innocent air

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第36期18卷 5142-5144页

作者： Yun Ji kim Hyung Keun kim Young Seok Cho sung Soo kim Hiun Suk Chae Seung Kyong kim eun sun kim Su Yeon Lee Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineUijeongbu St.Mary's HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaUijeongbu 480717South Korea

Air in the main pancreatic duct has been reported only rarely and might be associated with either a spontaneous or a surgically induced alteration of the anatomy of the biliary tract.We report a case of "innocent" air found incidentally in the main pancreatic duct.To our knowledge,this is only the third such case reported.A 54-year-old woman presented with hemoptysis that had lasted for 3 d.She underwent a chest computed tomography scan,which revealed not only focal bronchiectasis in the left lower lobe,but also air in the main pancreatic duct and dilatation of the common bile duct.She was managed conservatively for the hemoptysis and no further problems developed.She had no specific gastrointestinal symptoms and had no history of surgery or medication.Her laboratory parameters were normal.Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography also demonstrated air in the main pancreatic duct and a dilated common bile duct(CBD).Duodenoscopy revealed separate biliary and pancreatic orifices with patulous openings and some air bubbles appearing in the pancreatic orifice.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) showed the dilated CBD and pancreatic duct with some air bubbles,but no other abnormal lesions.She was discharged with no further problems.Most patients with air in the main pancreatic duct have had a pancreatobiliary disease,or a history of pancreatobiliary disease,pancreatobiliary surgery or sphincterotomy.If the air is innocent,as in our case,ERCP should be performed to evaluate any altered sphincteric function or anatomy such as patulous openings.

关键词：空气胰管外科手术解剖结构断层扫描药物治疗 CBD 括约肌

Sensitivity of the suspected blood indicator:An experimental study

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世界胃肠病学杂志：英文版 2012年第31期18卷 4169-4174页

作者： sung Chul Park Hoon Jai Chun eun sun kim Bora Keum Yeon Seok Seo Yong Sik kim Yoon Tae Jeen Hong Sik Lee Soon Ho Um Chang Duck kim Ho Sang Ryu Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineKangwon National University School of MedicineChuncheon 200-722South Korea Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineKorea University College of MedicineSeoul 136-705South Korea

AIM:To investigate whether suspected blood indicator(SBI) in capsule endoscopy(CE) is affected by background color and capsule passage velocity.METHODS:Experimental models of the small intestine constructed from paper in a variety of colors were used to simulate the background colors observed in CE images.The background colors studied included very pale yellow,yellow,very pale magenta,light grayish pink,burnt sienna,and deep and dark brown,and red spots were attached inside them.An endoscopic capsule was manually passed through the models.The rate of detection of the red spots by the SBI was evaluated based on the colors of the models and the capsule passage velocities(0.5 cm/s,1 cm/s,and 2 cm/s).RESULTS:The rate of detection of the red spots by the SBI differed significantly according to the background color of the model(P < 0.001).Detection rates were highest for backgrounds of very pale magenta,burnt sienna,and yellow,in that order.They were lowest for backgrounds of dark brown and very pale yellow.The rate of detection of red spots by the SBI tended to decrease at rapid capsule passage velocities(1-2 cm/s) compared to slow velocities(0.5 cm/s) for backgrounds of very pale yellow(P = 0.042),yellow(P = 0.001),very pale magenta(P = 0.002),and burnt sienna(P = 0.001).No significant differences in the rate of detection were observed according to velocity for light grayish pink(P = 0.643) or dark brown(P = 0.396).CONCLUSION:SBI sensitivity was affected by background color and capsule passage velocity in the models.These findings may facilitate the rapid detection of bleeding lesions by CE.

关键词：实验模型血液指标灵敏度通过速度背景颜色 SBI 检测率颜色模型

Self-expandable metal stents in patients with postoperative delayed gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第40期24卷 4578-4585页

作者： Seung Han kim Bora Keum Hyuk Soon Choi eun sun kim Yeon Seok Seo Yoon Tae Jeen Hong Sik Lee Hoon Jai Chun Soon Ho Um Chang Duck kim sungsoo Park Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineInstitute of Gastrointestinal Medical Instrument ResearchKorea University College of MedicineSeoul 02841South Korea Department of Surgery Korea University College of MedicineSeoul 02841South Korea

AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic stent insertion in patients with delayed gastric emptying after gastrectomy.METHODS In this study, we prospectively collected data from patients who underwent stent placement for delayed gastric emptying(DGE) after distal gastrectomy between June 2010 and April 2017, at a tertiary referral academic center. Clinical improvement, complications, and consequences after stent insertion were analyzed.RESULTS Technical success was achieved in all patients(100%). Early symptom improvement was observed in 15 of 20 patients(75%) and clinical success was achieved in all patients. Mean follow-up period was 1178.3 ± 844.1 d and median stent maintenance period was 51 d(range 6-2114 d). During the follow-up period, inserted stents were passed spontaneously per rectum without any complications in 14 of 20 patients(70%). Symptom improvement was maintained after stent placement without the requirement of any additional intervention in 19 of 20 patients(95%).CONCLUSION Endoscopic stent placement provides prompt relief of obstructive symptoms. Thus, it can be considered an effective and safe salvage technique for post-operative DGE.

关键词： Self-expandable metal stent Delayed gastric emptying Gastrectomy Salvage technique Symptom improvement

Intraductal papillary bile duct adenocarcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor in a case of neurofibromatosis type 1

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第4期24卷 537-542页

作者： Jung Min Lee Jae Min Lee Jong Jin Hyun Hyuk Soon Choi eun sun kim Bora Keum Yoon Tae Jeen Hoon Jai Chun Hong Sik Lee Chang Duck kim Dong Sik kim Joo Young kim Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Institute of Gastrointestinal Medical Instrument Research Korea University College of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Korea University Anam Hospital Division of HBP Surgery and Liver Trans- plantation Department of Surgery Korea University College of Medicine Department of Pathology Korea University College of Medicine

We report our experience with a synchronous case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPNB) in anelderly woman with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF-1). A 72-year-old woman presented with a 2-mo history of right upper abdominal pain unrelated to diet and indigestion. Fourteen years earlier, she had been diagnosed with NF-1, which manifested as café au lait spots and multiple nodules on the skin. Computed tomography(CT) revealed a multilocular low-density mass with septation, and mural nodules in the right hepatic lobe, as well as a 1.7-cm-sized well-demarcated enhancing mass in the third portion of the duodenum. The patient subsequently underwent right hepatectomy and duodenal wedge resection. We present here the first report of a case involving a synchronous IPNB and GIST in a patient with NF-1. Our findings demonstrate the possibility of various tumors in NF-1 patients and the importance of diagnosis at an early

关键词： Neurofibromatosis type 1 Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Synchronous

Current status of intragastric balloon for obesity treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第24期22卷 5495-5504页

作者： Seung Han kim Hoon Jai Chun Hyuk Soon Choi eun sun kim Bora Keum Yoon Tae Jeen Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Institute of Gastrointestinal Medical Instrument Research Korea University College of Medicine

Endoscopic bariatric therapy may be a useful alternative to pharmacological treatment for obesity, and it provides greater efficacy with lower risks than do conventional surgical procedures. Among the various endoscopic treatments for obesity, the intragastric balloon is associated with significant efficacy in body weight reduction and relief of comorbid disease symptoms. Anatomically, this treatment is based on gastric space-occupying effects that increase the feeling of satiety and may also affect gut neuroendocrine signaling. The simplicity of the intragastric balloon procedure may account for its widespread role in obesity treatment and its applicability to various degrees of obesity. However, advances in device properties and procedural techniques are still needed in order to improve its safety and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, verification of the physiological outcomes of intragastric balloon treatment and the clinical predictive factors for treatment responses should be considered. In this article, we discuss the types, efficacy, safety, and future directions of intragastric balloon treatment.

关键词： Intragastric balloon Obesity Bariatric Metabolic Endoscopy

Endoscopic en bloc resection of an exophytic gastrointestinal stromal tumor with suction excavation technique

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第23期22卷 5454-5458页

作者： Hyuk Soon Choi Hoon Jai Chun Kyoung-Oh kim eun sun kim Bora Keum Yoon-Tae Jeen Hong Sik Lee Chang Duck kim Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineInstitute of Gastrointestinal Medical Instrument ResearchKorea University College of MedicineKorea University Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine Gachon University Gil Medical CenterGachon University of Medicine and Science

Here, we report the first successful endoscopic resection of an exophytic gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) using a novel perforation-free suction excavation technique. A 49-year-old woman presented for further management of a gastric subepithelial tumor on the lesser curvature of the lower body, originally detected via routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Abdominal computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasound showed a 4-cm extraluminally protruding mass originating from the muscularis propria layer. The patient firmly refused surgical resection owing to potential cardiac problems, and informed consent was obtained for endoscopic removal. Careful dissection and suction of the tumor was repeated until successful extraction was achieved without serosal injury. We named this procedure the suction excavation technique. The tumor's dimensions were 3.5 cm × 2.8 cm × 2.5 cm. The tumor was positive for C-KIT and CD34 by immunohistochemical staining. The mitotic count was 6/50 high-power fields. The patient was followed for 5 years without tumor recurrence. This case demonstrated the use of endoscopic resection of an exophytic GIST using the suction excavation technique as a potential therapy without surgical resection.

关键词： Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Endoscopic resection Submucosal tumor Subepithelial tumor En bloc res

Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein(N-WASP)promotes distant metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via activation of LOXL2

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Oncology Research 2024年第4期32卷 615-624页

作者： HYUNG sun kim YUN sun LEE SeunG MYUNG DONG HYO JUNG kim DA eun LEE HYEON WOONG KANG MYEONG JIN kim JOON SEONG PARK Department of Surgery Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea Department of Surgery Graduate School of Medical ScienceBrain Korea 21 ProjectYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea Gibiome Co. Ltd.Gyeonggi-doKorea

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the most aggressive solid malignancies.A specific mechanism of its metastasis has not been established.In this study,we investigated whether Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein(N-WASP)plays a role in distant metastasis of PDAC.We found that N-WASP is markedly expressed in clinical patients with PDAC.Clinical analysis showed a notably more distant metastatic pattern in the N-WASP-high group compared to the N-WASP-low group.N-WASP was noted to be a novel mediator of epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)via gene expression profile studies.Knockdown of N-WASP in pancreatic cancer cells significantly inhibited cell invasion,migration,and EMT.We also observed positive association of lysyl oxidase-like 2(LOXL2)and focal adhesion kinase(FAK)with the N-WASP-mediated response,wherein EMT and invadopodia function were modulated.Both N-WASP and LOXL2 depletion significantly reduced the incidence of liver and lung metastatic lesions in orthotopic mouse models of pancreatic cancer.These results elucidate a novel role for N-WASP signaling associated with LOXL2 in EMT and invadopodia function,with respect to regulation of intercellular communication in tumor cells for promoting pancreatic cancer metastasis.These findings may aid in the development of therapeutic strategies against pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein(N-WASP)signaling Metastasis Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) Lysyl oxidase-like 2(LOXL2)

Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 Ablation in Motor Neurons Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction Leading to Age-related Motor Neuron Degeneration with Muscle Loss

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 637-649页

作者： Hyun-Kyung So Hyebeen kim Jinwoo Lee Chang-Lim You Chae-eun Yun Hyeon-Ju Jeong eun-Ju Jin Yunju Jo Dongryeol Ryu Gyu-Un Bae Jong-sun Kang Department of Molecular Cell Biology Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonKorea Single Cell Network Research Center Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonKorea Research Institute of Aging-Related Diseases AniMusCureInc.SuwonKorea Drug Information Research Institute Muscle Physiome Research CenterCollege of PharmacySookmyung Women’s UniversitySeoulKorea

Neuromuscular dysfunction is tightly associated with muscle wasting that occurs with age or due to degenerative diseases.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying neuromuscular dysfunction are currently unclear.Recent studies have proposed important roles of Protein arginine methyltransferase 1(Prmt1)in muscle stem cell function and muscle maintenance.In the current study,we set out to determine the role of Prmt1 in neuromuscular function by generating mice with motor neuron-specific ablation of Prmt1(mnKO)using Hb9-Cre.mnKO exhibited age-related motor neuron degeneration and neuromuscular dysfunction leading to premature muscle loss and lethality.Prmt1 deficiency also impaired motor function recovery and muscle reinnervation after sciatic nerve injury.The transcriptome analysis of aged mnKO lumbar spinal cords revealed alterations in genes related to inflammation,cell death,oxidative stress,and mitochondria.Consistently,mnKO lumbar spinal cords of sciatic nerve injury model or aged mice exhibited elevated cellular stress response in motor neurons.Furthermore,Prmt1 inhibition in motor neurons elicited mitochondrial dysfunction.Our findings demonstrate that Prmt1 ablation in motor neurons causes agerelated motor neuron degeneration attributing to muscle loss.Thus,Prmt1 is a potential target for the prevention or intervention of sarcopenia and neuromuscular dysfunction related to aging.

关键词： degeneration impaired prevention