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Soil Carbon Stocks under Amazonian Forest:Distribution in the Soil Fractions and Vulnerability to Emission

Open Journal of Forestry 2017年第2期7卷 121-142页

作者： Jean Dalmo de Oliveira Marques Flávio Jesus Luizao Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira euler melo nogueira Philip Martin Fearnside Max Sarrazin Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of the Amazonas(IFAM)Campus Center of ManausManausBrazil National Institute for Research in Amazonia(INPA) ManausBrazil National Center for Soil Research Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation(EMBRAPA)Rio de JaneiroBrazil IRD UMR BIOEMCORoute de MontaboCayenne CedexFrench Guiana

Transformations of natural ecosystems in tropical regions, which are usually covered by high-biomass forests, contribute to increased atmospheric CO2. Much of the carbon in forest ecosystems is stored in the soil. This study estimates soil carbon stock in a dense forest in central Amazonia from sets of soil samples collected in three topographic positions (plateau, slope and valley bottom). Soil organic matter (SOM) was fractionated by density and particle size, thus obtaining the free light fraction (FLF), intra-aggregated light fraction (IALF), sand fraction (F-sand), clay fraction (F-clay) and silt fraction (F-silt). Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks on the plateaus (Oxisol), slopes (Ultisol) and valley bottoms (Spodosol) were 98.4 ± 7.8 Mg·ha-1, 72.6 ± 5.4 Mg·ha-1 and 81.4 ± 8.9 Mg·ha-1, respectively. Distribution of carbon in soil fractions was: 112.6 ± 15 Mg·ha-1 (FLF), 2.5 ± 0 Mg·ha-1 (ILAF), 40.5 ± 1.5 Mg·ha-1 (F-silt), 68.5 ± 4.2 Mg·ha-1 (F-clay) and 28.3 ± 1.4 Mg·ha-1 (F-sand), totaling 252.4 ± 22.1 Mg·ha-1 of carbon. Carbon is largely in labile form and near the soil surface, making it liable to release from deforestation or from climate change. Spodosols are more susceptible to soil carbon losses, demonstrating the need to preserve forested areas close to Amazonian rivers and streams.

关键词： Fractionation of Carbon Carbon Stocks Soil Physics Global Warming Amazon Rainforest Brazil

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Long-Term Impact in Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Post Renal Transplantation

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Open Journal of Organ Transplant Surgery 2012年第3期2卷 9-13页

作者： euler Pace Lasmar Marcus Faria Lasmar Leonardo Faria Lasmar Adalberto Fernandes nogueira Marina Ribeiro de Oliveira Santos Luiz Flavio Couto Giordano Heloisa Reniers Vianna Kidney Transplant Unit of Sao Jose University Hospital and Mater Dei Hospital Belo Horizonte/MG Brazil

Purpose: The authors have evaluated the impact of the kidney transplantation associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, analyzing the complications, patients and graft survival. Methods: Retrospective study with 40 kidney transplant recipients with HCV infection and 40 kidney transplant recipients without HCV infection in the same post transplantation period. Results: the average follow-up after transplantation was 12.3 ± 4.5 years in patients with HCV infection and 12.5 ± 2.9 years in patients without HCV infection (p = 0.49). There was no statistical difference related to age and gender of the recipient nor donor age and type. The current renal function in patients with HCV infection was 47.3 ± 24.9 mL/min and 54.9 ± 27.2 mL/min in the HCV negative group (p = 0.54). The incidence of graft and patient survival was similar in both groups. The main cause of death in both groups was bacterial infection (10% in patients with HCV infection and 12.5% in HCV negative patients (p = 0.63). The most common complication in the two groups were acute allograft rejection and bacterial infection. The incidence of diabetes mellitus did not differ statistically in both groups. Abnormal liver enzymes levels and cirrhosis were observed only in patients with HCV infection. Conclusion: HCV infection did not impact patient or graft survival and post-transplant complications were similar in both groups during a mean follow-up period of 12 years.

关键词： HCV Kidney Transplantation Chronic Kidney Failure

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