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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

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World journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip j Hsu Sangchul yoon Kee B Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand Social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

Background Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available ***,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in *** We used World Bank data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(agejuries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and abdominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per ***,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with *** injuries contribute significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in *** Although DPRK may be allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

Nonlinear Absorption and Low-threshold Two-photon Pumped Amplified Stimulated Emission from FAPbBr_(3) Nanocrystals

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发光学报 2024年第8期45卷 1281-1291页

作者： WANG Yajuan TAY Yong Kang eugene WANG Fang YU Sheng SUM Tze Chien LIU Wei School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University of TechnologyNingbo 315211China School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore College of Optical Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China

Formamidinium lead bromide(FAPbBr_(3))nanocrystals(NCs)have been considered to be a good optoelectronic material due to their pure green emission,excellent stability and superior carrier transport ***,two-photon pumped amplified spontaneous emission(ASE)and the corresponding nonlinear optical properties of FAPbBr_(3) NCs are scarcely ***,we synthesized colloidal FAPbBr_(3) NCs with different sizes by changing the molar ratio of FABr/PbBr_(2) in the precursor solution,using ligand assisted precipitation(LARP)technology at room ***(PL)and time resolved photoluminescence(TRPL)spectroscopy were measured to characterize their ASE *** their nonlinear optical properties were studied through the Zscan technique and the two-photon excited fluorescence *** stimulated emission properties including oneand two-photon pumped ASE have been realized from FAPbBr_(3) *** large two-photon absorption coefficient(0.27 cm/GW)and high non-linear absorption cross-section(7.52×10^(5) GM),ASE with threshold as low as 9.8μj/cm^(2) and 487μj/cm^(2) have been obtained from colloidal FAPbBr_(3) NCs using one-and two-photon *** results indicate that as a new possible green-emitting frequency-upconversion material with low thresholds,FAPbBr_(3) NCs hold great potential in the development of high-performance two-photon pump lasers.

关键词： perovskites formamidinium lead bromide nanocrystals nonlinear optical gain amplified spontaneous emission

Investigating ischemia and reperfusion-induced organ damage in severe cardiac arrest:A comprehensive proteomics perspective

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journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2024年第3期14卷 427-430页

作者： ju Yeon Lee Muhammad Shoaib jin-Woong Choi Rishabh C.Choudhary Tai Yin Nara yoon Kei Hayashida Seunguk j.Baek Santiago j.Miyara Lance B.Becker junhwan Kim Research Center of Bioconvergence Analysis Korea Basic Science InstituteCheongjuSouth Korea Bio-Analytical Science University of Science and TechnologyCheongjuSouth Korea Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchManhassetNY11030USA Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell School of Medicine HempsteadNY11549USA Mathematics and Computer Science Adelphi UniversityGarden CityNY11530USA Department of Emergency Medicine North Shore University HospitalManhassetNY11030USA

Cardiac arrest(CA)is a life-threatening condition with complex pathophysiology and limited treatment *** gain deeper insights into the pathological state of vital organs,we employed a proteomics analysis in rodents to assess proteome alterations in the brain,heart,kidney,and liver using a rat model of *** brain displayed severe protein alterations in essential cellular pathways,including three major energy-generating pathways after CA,which worsened after resuscitation,resulting in the most significant overall protein changes among the ***,the liver,experiencing the most substantial protein alterations post-CA,demonstrated significant recovery,presenting the least protein changes post-resuscitation.

关键词： alterations organs damage

Correlation Structures between Satellite All-Sky Infrared Brightness Temperatures and the Atmospheric State at Storm Scales

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第5期39卷 714-732页

作者： Yunji ZHANG eugene E.CLOTHIAUX David j.STENSRUD Center for Advanced Data Assimilation and Predictability Techniques and Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania 16802USA

This study explores the structures of the correlations between infrared(IR)brightness temperatures(BTs)from the three water vapor channels of the Advanced Baseline Imager(ABI)onboard the GOES-16 satellite and the atmospheric ***-based data assimilation techniques such as the ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF)rely on correlations to propagate innovations of BTs to increments of model state *** the three water vapor channels are sensitive to moisture in different layers of the troposphere,the heights of the strongest correlations between these channels and moisture in clear-sky regions are closely related to the peaks of their respective weighting *** cloudy regions,the strongest correlations appear at the cloud tops of deep clouds,and ice hydrometeors generally have stronger correlations with BT than liquid *** magnitudes of the correlations decrease from the peak value in a column with both vertical and horizontal *** how the correlations decrease depend on both the cloud scenes and the cloud structures,as well as the model *** correlations between BTs and moisture,as well as hydrometeors,in fully cloudy regions decrease to almost 0 at about 30 *** horizontal correlations with atmospheric state variables in clear-sky regions are broader,maintaining non-zero values out to~100 *** results in this study provide information on the proper choice of cut-off radii in horizontal and vertical localization schemes for the assimilation of *** also provide insights on the most efficient and effective use of the different water vapor channels.

关键词： severe storm remote sensing data assimilation numerical modeling

Deep convolutional Ritz method: parametric PDE surrogates without labeled data

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第7期44卷 1151-1174页

作者： j.N.FUHG A.KARMARKAR T.KADEETHUM H.yoon N.BOUKLAS Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell UniversityNew York 14853U.S.A Geomechanics Department Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerque 87123U.S.A.

The parametric surrogate models for partial differential equations(PDEs)are a necessary component for many applications in computational sciences,and the convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have proven to be an excellent tool to generate these surrogates when parametric fields are *** are commonly trained on labeled data based on one-to-one sets of parameter-input and PDE-output ***,residual-based deep convolutional physics-informed neural network(DCPINN)solvers for parametric PDEs have been proposed to build surrogates without the need for labeled *** allow for the generation of surrogates without an expensive *** this work,we present an alternative formulation termed deep convolutional Ritz method(DCRM)as a parametric PDE *** approach is based on the minimization of energy functionals,which lowers the order of the differential operators compared to residualbased *** on studies involving the Poisson equation with a spatially parameterized source term and boundary conditions,we find that CNNs trained on labeled data outperform DCPINNs in convergence speed and generalization *** surrogates generated from the DCRM,however,converge significantly faster than their DCPINN counterparts,and prove to generalize faster and better than the surrogates obtained from both CNNs trained on labeled data and *** hints that the DCRM could make PDE solution surrogates trained without labeled data possibly.

关键词： physics-informed constraint physics-informed neural network(PINN) deep energy network convolutional neural network(CNN)

The role of emergency incident type in identifying first responders' health exposure risks

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journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2023年第2期4卷 167-173页

作者： Emily j.Haas Katherine N.yoon Alexa Furek Megan Casey Susan M.Moore National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory(NPPTL) National Institute for Ocupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)PittsburghPA 15236United States National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory(NPPTL) National Institute forOccupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)MorgantownWV2605United States

Fire-based emergency management service(EMS)personnel are dispatched to various incidents daily,many of which have unique occupational *** fully understand the variability of incident types and how to best pre-pare and respond,an exploration of the *** system of incident types is *** study uses potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 as a case example to understand if and how coding categories for incident call types may be updated to improve data standardization and emergency response decision *** received emergency response incident data generated by three fire department computer-aided dispatch(CAD)systems between March and September *** incident was labeled EMS,Fire,or *** the 162,766 incidents,approximately 8.1%(n=13,144)noted potential SARS-CoV-2 exposure within their narrative descriptions of which 86.3%were coded as EMS,9.9%as Fire,and 3.9%as *** assess coding variability across incident types,researchers used the original 3-incident type variable and a new 5-incident type variable reassigned by researchers into EMS,Fire,Other,Hazmat,and Motor *** regressions compared differences in potential exposure using the 3-and 5-incident type *** evaluating the 3-incident type variable,those respond-ing to a Fire versus an EMS incident were 84%less likely to be associated with potential exposure to *** the 5-incident type variable,those responding to Fire incidents were 77%less likely to be associated with a potential exposure than those responding to EMS *** in potential exposure between the 3-and 5-incident type models show the need to understand how incident types are *** demonstrates the need for data standardization to accurately categorize incident types to improve emergency preparedness and *** have implications for incident type coding at fire department municipality and national levels.

关键词： Emergencymedical se Firefighter Incident type Surveillance Telecommunicator

Recent advances in the diagnostic evaluation of pancreatic cystic lesions

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第6期28卷 624-634页

作者： Devarshi R Ardeshna Troy Cao Brandon Rodgers Chidiebere Onongaya Dan jones Wei Chen eugene j Koay Somashekar G Krishna Department of Internal Medicine Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States College of Medicine Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210United States james Molecular Laboratory Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Pathology Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of GI Radiation Oncology The University of Texas MD AndersonHoustonTX77030United States Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineOhio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States

Pancreatic cystic lesions(PCLs)are becoming more prevalent due to more frequent abdominal imaging and the increasing age of the general *** has become crucial to identify these PCLs and subsequently risk stratify them to guide *** the high morbidity associated with pancreatic surgery,only those PCLs at high risk for malignancy should undergo such ***,current diagnostic testing is suboptimal at accurately diagnosing and risk stratifying ***,research has focused on developing new techniques for differentiating mucinous from non-mucinous PCLs and identifying high risk lesions for *** sectional imaging radiomics can potentially improve the predictive accuracy of primary risk stratification of PCLs at the time of detection to guide invasive *** cyst fluid glucose has reemerged as a potential biomarker,cyst fluid molecular markers have improved accuracy for identifying specific types of *** ultrasound guided approaches such as confocal laser endomicroscopy and through the needle microforceps biopsy have shown a good correlation with histopathological findings and are evolving techniques for identifying and risk stratifying *** most of these recent diagnostics are only practiced at selective tertiary care centers,they hold a promise that management of PCLs will only get better in the future.

关键词： Pancreatic cystic lesion Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms Mucinous cystic neoplasm Microforceps biopsy Radiomics Confocal laser endomicroscopy

Real-time porosity reduction during metal directed energy deposition using a pulse laser

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第21期116卷 214-223页

作者： Hoon Sohn Peipei Liu Hansol yoon Kiyoon Yi Liu Yang Sangjun Kim Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea Center for 3D Printing Nondestructive Testing Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea Global R&D Center SQ EngineeringSeoul 05818Republic of Korea Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina

Porosity is a challenging issue in additive manufacturing and is detrimental to the quality of the additively manufactured *** this study,a real-time porosity reduction technique was developed by incorporating a pulse laser into a laser metal powder directed energy deposition(DED)*** incorporated pulse laser can accelerate fluid flow within the melt pool and facilitate the escape of pores before complete *** achieves this real-time porosity reduction by inducing accelerated and turbulent Marangoni flow,ultrasonic waves,and shock waves into the melt *** uniqueness and advantages of the proposed technique include the following:(1)For a laser metal powder DED process,this study proposed a noncontact,nondestructive,and real-time porosity reduction technique at the melt pool level.(2)It was experimentally and numerically validated that the developed technique did not alter the geometry and the grain structure of the manufactured Ti-6Al-4V samples.(3)Because the porosity reduction is accomplished at the melt pool level,its application is not limited by the size,shape,or complexity of the printing target.(4)The developed technique can be readily incorporated into the existing DED systems without any modification of the original tool-path *** experimental results showed that the pore volume fraction decreased from 0.132%to 0.005%,no pores larger than 6×10^(4)μm^(3) were observed,and a 91%reduction in the total pore number was achieved when the pulse laser energy reached 11.5 mj.

关键词： Real-time porosity reduction Pulse laser Melt pool Directed energy deposition Ti-6Al-4V

High quality large single crystals of metal halide perovskites for optoelectronic applications

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第10期60卷 1326-1327页

作者： eugene A.Katz Alexandre Yersin Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Sede Boqer Campus 8499000 Israel Ilse-Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva 8410501 lsrael

As the technological development of large single-crystalline wafers have revolutionized many industries including electronics and photovoltaics,one can predict that the availability of large single-crystalline perovskite crystals and wafers can revolutionize its broad applications in photodetectors,solar cells,LEDs,lasers,*** 2015,Liu et al.[1]at Shaanxi Normal University developed a reactive inverse-temperature crystallization(RITC)method and harvested high quality MAPbI_3

关键词：单晶片技术光电应用钙钛矿金属卤化物优质光电探测器太阳能电池发光二极管