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Ipsilateral motor evoked potentials in a patient with unihemispheric cortical atrophy due to Rasmussen encephalitis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 1025-1028页

作者： Raffaele Nardone Patrick B.Langthaler Andrea Orioli Viviana Versace Giuditta Ilaria Scarano Francesco Brigo Leopold Saltuari Luca Carnicelli eugen.Trinka Luca Sebastianelli Department of Neurology Franz Tappeiner HospitalMeranoItaly Department of Neurology Hochzirl HospitalZirlAustria Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences Salzburg SalzburgAustria University for Medical Informatics and Health Technology UMITHall in TirolAustria Department of Neurology Christian Doppler KlinikParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center SalzburgAustria Karl Landsteiner Institut für Neurorehabilitation und Raumfahrtneurologie SalzburgAustria Department of Mathematics Paris Lodron University of SalzburgAustria Department of Neurorehabilitation Hospital of VipitenoVipitenoItaly Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol BolzanoItaly Department of Psychology Franz Tappeiner HospitalMeranoItaly Department of Neuroscience Biomedicine and Movement ScienceUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly

The role of the ipsilaterally descending motor pathways in the recovery mechanisms after unilateral hemispheric damage is still poorly understood. Motor output reorganization was investigated in a 56-year-old male patient with acquired unilateral hemispheric atrophy due to Rasmussen encephalitis. In particular,the ipsilateral corticospinal pathways were explored using focal transcranial magnetic stimulation. In the first dorsal interosseous and wrist extensors muscles, the median amplitudes of the ipsilateral motor evoked potentials induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the patient were higher than those of 10 age-matched healthy control subjects. In the biceps brachii muscle, the median amplitudes of the ipsilateral motor evoked potentials were the second largest in the patient compared to the controls. This study demonstrated a reinforcement of ipsilateral motor projections from the unaffected motor cortex to the hemiparetic hand in a subject with acquired unihemispheric cortical damage.

关键词： transcranial magnetic stimulation motor cortex ipsilateral motor evoked potentials ipsilateral motor pathways Rasmussen encephalitis cortical atrophy hemispheric damage

To Understand Why Airships Lost the Sky to Airplanes Take a Look at the Network on the Ground

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History Research 2013年第1期3卷 23-30页

作者： Helmut E. braun Northern Business School Hamburg Germany

Zeppelins and airplanes went into a commercial competition during the 1920s and 1930s. The Zeppelin was a very costly and high-scale technology which operated with a number of devices less than fingers a hand has. Airplanes, however, were cheap both in investment and operation and improved their cost-effectiveness rapidly during the times. Therefore, it was clear from an economic point of view to develop a fast growing net of commercial airports serving an even fast growing number of passengers. This was self-energizing. Zeppelins, however, focused on one, later two point-to-point services only, justified by a lack of capital and permanent economic losses.

关键词： airplanes innovation diffusion network Zeppelin

Taxonomic Diversity and Taxonomic Dominance: The Example of Forest Plantations in South-Central Chile

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Open Journal of Ecology 2015年第5期5卷 199-212页

作者： Andreas Ch. braun Andreas Ch. braun Institute of Regional Science IfR Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany

The study describes an analysis of the impact of plantation forestry on the taxonomic diversity of plants in south-central Chile. In this biodiversity hotspot, plantations of non-native species like Pinus radiata D. Don, Eucalyptus globules Labill. and Populus nigra L. have largely replaced native deciduous and sclerophyllous forests. The study compares taxonomic diversity of commercial plantations and native forests using taxonomic distinctness and diversity and the Simpson diversity index. Most of these indexes attest a considerably reduced taxonomic diversity to plantations. However, taxonomic distinctness values for P. radiata plantations seem to contradict other indexes at first glance. It is shown that the higher values of taxonomic distinctness of P. radiata plantations come from taxonomic dominance. Taxonomic dominance describes the fact that P. radiate—a member of the infradivison of Gymnospermae-bears only little taxonomic resemblance to other plants, which are Angiospermae. Thus, it strongly dominates the taxonomic distinctness index and the high taxonomic resemblance of other plant within its plots is neglected. Indexes are developed that identify such dominant species and adjust for taxonomic dominance in taxonomic diversity analyses. After this adjustment, all indexes provide a coherent image on taxonomic diversity. Plantation forestry produces a considerable decline of taxonomic diversity. Taxonomic diversity analysis provides valuable insights in biodiversity impacts and complements standard analyses.

关键词： Taxonomic Diversity Central Chile Biodiversity Hotspots Plantation Forestry Pinus radiata

Impact Estimation and Filtering of Disturbances in FG5 Absolute Gravimeter Observations

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第2期4卷 302-308页

作者： Martin Orlob Alexander braun Department of Geosciences School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson USA

Instrumental and environmental disturbances do affect FG5 absolute gravimeter observations and the estimated gravity values, sometimes to the degree that entire measurement campaigns are discarded. We propose a method which moves towards the re-assessment of previously discarded observations. Once an estimate of the frequency and amplitude of a disturbance in a FG5 data set exists, the proposed method can estimate its impact on the estimated gravity value. This is performed through a Gaussian Bell Summation approach of the functional relationship between disturbance frequency and standard deviation of gravity. The filtering of the identified disturbance is realized through a modification of the functional model of the equation of motion in the least squares adjustment of FG5 observations. The results reveal that the Gaussian Bell Summation approximates the frequency—gravity impact relationship sufficiently well with negligible uncertainties, while the accuracy of the detected disturbance frequency defines a limiting factor for the gravity impact estimation. A realistic disturbance of 15 Hz with an amplitude of 1.5 nm had an impact of ≈48 [μGal] on the gravity estimate. The proposed filter approach reduced the impact to ≈12 [μGal], with the remaining effect being almost entirely associated to the uncertainty in disturbance frequency detection.

关键词： FG5 Absolute Gravimetry Gravity Disturbance Filtering Gaussian Bell Summation Least Squares Adjustment

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Software Defined Network (SDN) and OpenFlow Protocol in 5G Network

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作者：布朗 braun

来源：汇雅图书（南通市图书馆... 评论

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Communications and Network 2020年第1期12卷 28-40页

作者： Khaled Alghamdi Robin braun School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology Sydney Australia College of Computer Science and Information Technology Al Baha University Al Baha Saudi Arabia

The world is moving at a high speed in the implementation and innovations of new systems and gadgets. 3G and 4G networks support currently wireless network communications. However, the networks are deemed to be slow and fail to receive signals or data transmission to various regions as a result of solving the problem. This paper will analyze the use of Software Defined Network (SDN) in a 5G (fifth generation) network that can be faster and reliable. Further, in Mobile IP, there exist triangulation problems between the sending and receiving nodes along with latency issues during handoff for the mobile nodes causing huge burden in the network. With Cloud Computing and ecosystem for Virtualization developed for the Core and Radio Networks SDN OpenFlow seems to be a seamless solution for determining signal flow between mobiles. There have been a lot of researches going on for deploying SDN OpenFlow with the 5G Cellular Network. The current paper performs benchmarks as a feasibility need for implementing SDN OpenFlow for 5G Cellular Network. The Handoff mechanism impacts the scalability required for a cellular network and simulation results can be further used to be deployed the 5G Network.

关键词： SDN LTE Mobile IP LTE Advanced OpenFlow 5G

新型优化脉冲宽度调制方法在大功率逆变器的应用研究

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电工技术学报 2006年第6期21卷 17-22,105页

作者：张慧刘开培 M. braun 陈清泉武汉大学电气工程学院电力电子技术研究所武汉430072 Karlsruhe大学电力电子及电气传动技术研究所 karlsruhe76128

创构了基于部分不对称开关角的优化脉冲波形(OptimalPartlyUnsymmetricalSwitchingangle,OPUS),提出了一种新型的优化部分不对称脉冲宽度调制方法(OPUS方法),它适用于大功率逆变器在灵活交流输电系统(FACTS)中的应用。该方法的原理是通... 详细信息

创构了基于部分不对称开关角的优化脉冲波形(OptimalPartlyUnsymmetricalSwitchingangle,OPUS),提出了一种新型的优化部分不对称脉冲宽度调制方法(OPUS方法),它适用于大功率逆变器在灵活交流输电系统(FACTS)中的应用。该方法的原理是通过准确计算出开关角,实现在低于1kHz的调制频率下,采用OPUS方法对逆变器输出电压的基波和特定谐波实现幅度和相位的直接控制,给出了其中的算例。并采用FFT分析方法对其有效性进行了论证。

关键词：优化脉冲波形脉冲宽度调制(PWM) 逆变器灵活交流输电系统(FACTS)

Metal Complexes:Novel Chiral Dopants with High Helical Twisting Power in Liquid Crystals

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2007年第5期46卷 724-725页

作者： Manfred braun R.Fleischer A.Hahn M.Engelmann S.Schlecht Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry University of DuesseldorfD-40225 DuesseldorfGermany

1 Introduction A particularly efficient and elegant route to chiral mesophases is based on the addition of small amounts of an enantiomerically pure dopant to a nematic phase so that the latter is converted into a cholesteric phase(See Fig.1).Fig.1 A nematic phase is converted into a cholesteric phase Fig.2 Bis-chelated imine-alkoxy-titanium complexes2 ExperimetalBis-chelated imine-alkoxy-titanium complexes like 1 and 2 (Fig.2) have been synthesizedstarting from triphenyl-substituted aminoethanols, T...

关键词： metal complexes novel chiral dopants liguid crystals

A GIS-BASED GLACIER INVENTORY FOR THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA AND THE SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS——A FIRST CASE STUDY ON KING GEORGE ISLAND

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2001年第2期4卷 15-24页

作者： Matthias braun F.Rau Jefferson Cardia Si"非汉字字符"mes Institut für Physische Geographie

The aim of the international project “Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS)" headed by the US Geological Survey is to establish a world wide glacier inventory based on satellite *** data set will form a first digital baseline study for future glacier *** presented GIS_based glacier inventory for King George Island is a case study for the area of the Antarctic *** the database of the glacier inventory topographic information,specific glaciological parameters as well as metadata will be *** topographic data consists of drainage basin limits,basin areas,altitudinal ranges,perimeters and mean *** data sets should comprise information on glacier retreat in different periods,glacier velocities,ice thickness and bedrock topography as well as derived *** and measured mass balance parameters could be included as additional data *** particular,these metadata records must comprise background information on data accuracy and data sources and should be compatible with a future data model for the King George Island GIS (KGIS).Three examples illustrate that the GLIMS database will not only contain information valuable for glaciological applications,but also other environmental studies on the island will benefit from this standardised remote sensing data ***,a very close link between the data models of KGIS and GLIMS has to be established to enable these ***,better access to historic aerial photography would enable a continuous record of glacier retreat from the beginning of the 1950’s onward.

关键词： King George Island South Shetland Islands geographic information system glacier inventory glacier retreat glacier parameters