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Amnion epithelial cells——a novel therapy for ischemic stroke?

Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第8期13卷 1346-1349页

作者： megan A.Evans Brad R.S.Broughton Grant R.Drummond Henry ma Thanh G.Phan euan m.wallace Rebecca Lim Christopher G.Sobey Department of Physiology Anatomy & Microbiology La Trobe University Cardiovascular Disease Program Department of Pharmacology Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Department of medicine Monash University The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical Research Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability and new therapies are desperately needed. Given the complex nature of ischemic brain injury, it has been postulated that cell-based therapies may be useful. However, cell resources, invasive extraction procedures, immunological rejection, tumorigenesis and ethical challenges make it unlikely that many stem cell types could serve as a practical source for therapy. By contrast, these issues do not pertain to human amnion epithelial cells（h AECs）, which are placenta-derived stem cells. We recently assessed the effects of systemically delivered hAECs on stroke outcome using four animal models of stroke. We demonstrated that when injected intravenously after ischemia onset, hAECs migrate preferentially to the spleen and injured brain to limit apoptosis and inflammation, and attenuate early brain infiltration of immune cells, progression of infarction and systemic immunosuppression and to ultimately ameliorate functional deficits. When administration of hAECs is delayed by 1-3 days poststroke, long-term functional recovery can still be enhanced in young and aged mice of either sex. moreover, our proof-of-principle findings suggest that h AECs are effective at limiting post-stroke infarct development in non-human primates. Overall, the results suggest that hAECs could be a viable clinical stroke therapy.

关键词： ischemic stroke cerebral infarction stem cells human amnion epithelial cells inflammation immunosuppression brain repair mouse non-human primate

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Ultra-high-Q free-space coupling to microtoroid resonators

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 682-695页

作者： Sartanee Suebka euan mcLeod Judith Su Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA

Whispering gallery mode(WGm)microtoroid resonators are one of the most sensitive biochemical sensors in existence,capable of detecting single *** main barrier for translating these devices out of the laboratory is that light is evanescently coupled into these devices though a tapered optical *** hinders translation of these devices as the taper is fragile,suffers from mechanical vibration,and requires precise ***,we eliminate the need for an optical fiber by coupling light into and out from a toroid via free-space coupling and monitoring the scattered resonant light.A single long working distance objective lens combined with a digital micromirror device(DmD)was used for light injection,scattered light collection,and *** obtain Q-factors as high as 1:6´108 with this *** induced transparency(EIT)-like and Fano resonances were observed in a single cavity due to indirect coupling in free *** enables improved sensing *** large effective coupling area(~10μm in diameter for numerical aperture=0.14)removes the need for precise *** performance was verified by combining the system with the frequency locked whispering evanescent resonator(FLOWER)approach to perform temperature sensing experiments.A thermal nonlinear optical effect was examined by tracking the resonance through FLOWER while adjusting the input *** believe that this work will be a foundation for expanding the implementation of WGm microtoroid resonators to real-world applications.

关键词： coupling scattered precise

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A three-dimensional feature extraction-based method for coal cleat characterization using X-ray μCT and its application to a Bowen Basin coal specimen

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Journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 153-166页

作者： Yulai Zhang matthew Tsang mark Knackstedt michael Turner Shane Latham euan macaulay Rhys Pitchers ARC Training Centre for m3D Innovation Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Department of materials Physics Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Anglo American Steelmaking Coal BrisbaneQLD4000Australia SCT Operations Pty Ltd. WollongongNSW2500Australia

Cleats are the dominant micro-fracture network controlling the macro-mechanical behavior of *** understanding of the spatial characteristics of cleat networks is therefore important to the coal mining *** fracture networks(DFNs)are increasingly used in engineering analyses to spatially model fractures at various *** reliability of coal DFNs largely depends on the confidence in the input cleat *** of these parameters can be made from image-based three-dimensional(3D)characterization of coal cleats using X-ray micro-computed tomography(m CT).One key step in this process,after cleat extraction,is the separation of individual cleats,without which the cleats are a connected network and statistics for different cleat sets cannot be *** this paper,a feature extraction-based image processing method is introduced to identify and separate distinct cleat groups from 3D X-ray m CT ***(filters)representing explicit cleat features of coal are built and cleat separation is successfully achieved by convolutional operations on 3D coal *** new method is applied to a coal specimen with 80 mm in diameter and 100 mm in length acquired from an Anglo American Steelmaking Coal mine in the Bowen Basin,Queensland,*** is demonstrated that the new method produces reliable cleat separation capable of defining individual cleats and preserving 3D topology after ***-parallel fractures are also identified and separated,which has his-torically been challenging to delineate and rarely reported.A variety of cleat/fracture statistics is measured which not only can quantitatively characterize the cleat/fracture system but also can be used for DFN ***,variability and heterogeneity with respect to the core axis are *** heterogeneity is observed and suggests that the representative elementary volume(REV)of the cleat groups for engineering purposes may be a complex problem requ

关键词： Cleat separation Cleat statistics Feature extraction Discrete fracture network(DFN)modeling

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Role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: What have we learnt in the past 10 years?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第5期20卷 1192-1210页

作者： Georgina L Hold megan Smith Charlie Grange euan Robert Watt Emad m El-Omar Indrani mukhopadhya Gastro-intestinal Research Group Division of Applied Medicine University of Aberdeen Foresterhill

Our understanding of the microbial involvement in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis has increased exponentially over the past decade. The development of newer molecular tools for the global assessment of the gut microbiome and the identification of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 in 2001 and other susceptibility genes for Crohn’s disease in particular has led to better understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of IBD. The microbial studies have elaborated the normal composition of the gut microbiome and its perturbations in the setting of IBD. This altered microbiome or “dysbiosis” is a key player in the protracted course of inflammation in IBD. Numerous genome-wide association studies have identified further genes involved in gastrointestinal innate immunity (including polymorphisms in genes involved in autophagy: ATG16L1 and IGRm), which have helped elucidate the relationship of the local innate immunity with the adjacent luminal bacteria. These developments have also spurred the search for specific pathogens which may have a role in the metamorphosis of the gut microbiome from a symbiotic entity to a putative pathogenic one. Here we review advances in our understanding of microbial involvement in IBD pathogenesis over the past 10 years and offer insight into how this will shape our therapeutic management of the disease in the coming years.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’ s disease, Ulcerative colitis, Gut microbiota, Innate immune response, Probiotics, Prebiotics, Faecal transplant

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Assembly of multicomp on ent structures from hundreds of micron-scale building blocks using optical tweezers

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第3期7卷 163-171页

作者： Jeffrey E.melzer euan mcLeod Wyant College of Optical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonArizona85721USA

The fabrication of three-dimensional(3D)microscale structures is critical for many applications,including strong and lightweight material development,medical device fabrication,microrobotics,and photonic *** 3D microfabrication has seen progress over the past decades,complex multicomponent integration with small or hierarchical feature sizes is still a *** this study,an optical positioning and linking(OPAL)platform based on optical tweezers is used to precisely fabricate 3D microstructures from two types of micron-scale building blocks linked by biochemical interactions.A computer-controlled interface with rapid on-the-fly automated recalibration routines main tains accuracy eve n after placi ng many buildi ng *** achieves a 60-nm positional accuracy by optimizing the molecular functionalization and laser power.A two-component structure consisting of 4481-pm building blocks is assembled,representing the largest number of building blocks used to date in 3D optical tweezer *** optical tweezers have previously been used for microfabrication,those results were generally restricted to single-material structures composed of a relatively small number of larger-sized building blocks,with little discussion of critical process *** is anticipated that OPAL will enable the assembly,augmentation,and repair of microstructures composed of specialty micro/nanomaterial building blocks to be used in new photonic,microfluidic,and biomedical devices.

关键词： hundreds blocks sized

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伦敦斯托克纽因顿大会堂

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现代装饰 2011年第1期 78-83页

作者： John Turner euan macdonald Josephine Glyn Tim Crocker 肖俊 Hawkins\Brown

项目名称 Stoke Newington Town Hall项目地址英国伦敦项目面积 3，030m^2设计单位

关键词：伦敦大会堂 Brown 项目名称设计单位

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失代偿性心衰治疗研究进行时

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中国处方药 2007年第2期6卷 62-65页

作者： Emil m.deGoma Randall H.Vagelos michael B.Fowler euan A.Ashley 齐攀

目睹最近在降低与慢性心衰相关的死亡率方面取得极大进展的同时，人们似乎忽略了失代偿性心衰（decompensated heart failure，DHF）治疗方法的进步，这一点可以从有限的治疗设备以及同样不多见的有根据的文献报道中得到证实。绝大部分... 详细信息

目睹最近在降低与慢性心衰相关的死亡率方面取得极大进展的同时，人们似乎忽略了失代偿性心衰（decompensated heart failure，DHF）治疗方法的进步，这一点可以从有限的治疗设备以及同样不多见的有根据的文献报道中得到证实。绝大部分患者都可以通过现有的干预手段达到最初的稳定病情以及改善症状的目的。但是出院后数月内患者的再次住院率以及死亡率却居高不下（30％～60％）。在未来的10年中，大量的研究活动以及药理学的创新很有可能改革我们现在对DHF患者的诊断、分类、治疗以及评估方法。正在进行中的临床前以及临床试验正在研究新型正性肌力药、利尿剂和利水药以及心肌代谢的调控因子。本文对那些极具研发前景的在研药物进行综述分析，并提供动物和人体试验的数据。

关键词：慢性心衰治疗方法失代偿性新型正性肌力药再次住院率治疗设备研究活动评估方法

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