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Method Development and Validation of the Simultaneous Analysis of Methylisothiazolinone, Methylchloroisothiazolinone, Benzisothiazolinone and Bronopol in Washing-Up Liquid

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2024年第1期15卷 43-55页

作者： etienne Jooken Ruis Amery Boudewijn Meesschaert Laboratory of Microbial and Bio-Chemical Technology (Lab μBCT) Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems KU Leuven-Bruges Campus Brugge Belgium

A method of analysis for the simultaneous determination of methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone (CMI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and Bronopol (BNP) in washing-up liquid was established. The method consisted of a gradient HPLC analysis at three different wavelengths. The four compounds could be analyzed with good precision and accuracy.

关键词： Preservatives Analytical Validation Methylisothiazolinone Methylchloroisothiazolinone Benzisothiazolinone Bronopol HPLC Washing-Up Liquid

Optimising Energy Consumption in SD-DCN Networks (Software Defined-Data Center Network)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2223-2235页

作者： Narcisse Tahi etienne Soro Pacôme Brou Olivier Asseu UMRI STI INPHB INPHouphout Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Ecole Suprieure Africaine des Technologies de lInformation et de la Communication (ESATIC) LASTIC Laboratory of ESATIC Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Over the last decade, the rapid growth in traffic and the number of network devices has implicitly led to an increase in network energy consumption. In this context, a new paradigm has emerged, Software-Defined Networking (SDN), which is an emerging technique that separates the control plane and the data plane of the deployed network, enabling centralized control of the network, while offering flexibility in data center network management. Some research work is moving in the direction of optimizing the energy consumption of SD-DCN, but still does not guarantee good performance and quality of service for SDN networks. To solve this problem, we propose a new mathematical model based on the principle of combinatorial optimization to dynamically solve the problem of activating and deactivating switches and unused links that consume energy in SDN networks while guaranteeing quality of service (QoS) and ensuring load balancing in the network.

关键词： DCN Optimisation Energy Consumption QoS SDN

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-related and imputable deaths in children:results from the French pediatric national registry

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第6期20卷 611-620页

作者： Marguerite Lockhart-Bouron Noemie Vanel Michael Levy Anais R.Briant etienne Javouhey Sophie Breinig Julia Dina Marion Caseris Francois Angoulvant Stephane Leteurtre Morgan Recher David W.Brossier Univ.Lille CHU LilleULR 2694-METRICS:Evaluation Des Technologies de Sante Et Des Pratiques Medicales59000LilleFrance Pediatric Intensive Care Unit CHU de MarseilleMarseilleFrance Pediatric Intensive Care Unit CHU Robert-DebreAssistance Publique Hopitaux de ParisParisFrance UniversitéParis-Cite ParisFrance Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit CHU de Caen Normandie14000CaenFrance Pediatric Intensive Care Hospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance Neonatal andPediatric IntensiveCare Unit Children's HospitalToulouseFrance Virology Department INSERM U1311 DynamicureUniv CAEN NormandieCHU de Caen14000 CaenFrance Medical School Universite Caen Normandie14000 CaenFrance Department of Pediatrics CHU Robert-DebréAssistance Publique Hopitaux de ParisParisFrance Department Women-Mother-Child Service of PediatricsLausanne University Hospital(CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Réanimation Et Soins Intensifs PéediatriquesCHU de CAENAvenue de La Cote de Nacre14000 CaenFrance CHU Sainte Justine Research Center MontréalCanada

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)is responsible for an important mortality rate *** aimed to evaluate the actual imputability of SARS-CoV-2 on the mortality rate associated with SARS-CoV-2-related illnesses in the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Secondary objectives were to identify risk factors for *** This national multicenter comparative study comprised all patients under 18 years old with positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reactions(PCRs)[acute corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)or incidental SARS-CoV-2 infection]and/or pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome(PIMS)recorded in the French PICU registry(PICURe)between September 1,2021,and August 31,*** patients were classified and compared according to their living status at the end of their PICU *** patients were evaluated by four experts in the field of pediatric infectiology and/or pediatric intensive *** imputability of SARS-CoV-2 as the cause of death was classified into four categories:certain,very probable,possible,or unlikely,and was defined by any of the first three *** There were 948 patients included of which 43 died(4.5%).From this,26 deaths(67%)could be attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection,with an overall mortality rate of 2.8%.The imputability of death to SARS-CoV-2 was considered certain in only one case(O.1%).Deceased patients suffered more often from comorbidities,especially heart disease,neurological disorders,hematological disease,cancer,and *** of the deceased patients were admitted for pediatric inflam-matory multisystem syndrome(PIMS).Mortality risk factors were male gender,cardiac comorbidities,cancer,and acute respiratorydistress *** SARS-CoV-2 mortality in the French pediatric population was *** though the imputability of SARS-Cov-2 on mortality was considered in almost two-thirds of cases,this imputability was considered certain in only one case.

关键词： Death Pediatric intensive care unit SARS-CoV-2

Association between the Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Outcome in in Vitro Fertilization at Human Reproductive Center Paul et Chantal Biya-Yaoundé

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 18-28页

作者： Ngono Akam Vanina Ngah Minala Belinga etienne Belinga etienne Mpono Pascale Nyada Serges Onana Y. Kasia Cho Joselyne Kasia Florence Adjessa Abega Kasia Jean Marie Gynaecological Endoscopic Surgery and Human Reproductive Teaching Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: In Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF/ICSI) represents the final step in the management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Our objective was to study the association between PCOS phenotypes and IVF/ICSI results in women admitted to Gynaecological Endoscopic Surgery and Human Reproductive Teaching Hospital (CHRACERH). Material and Method: We carried out a cohort study with historical-prospective data collection over a period of seven years (January 2016 to March 2023) at Chracerh. PCOS patients were subdivided into 4 subgroups A, B, C and D. Results: We recruited 128 patients including 64 PCOS patients divided into four phenotypes and 64 non-PCOS patients constituting the control group. Phenotype D without hyperandrogenism had used the lowest dose of gonadotropins, i.e. 1939.7 ± 454.3 IU, and had produced a greater quantity of estradiol on the day ovulation was triggered (6529.8 ± 4324.8 ng/ml). The average number of punctured follicles and mature oocytes were higher in the phenotype D group. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurred mainly in phenotype D (3/35), with an estimated prevalence of 2.3%. The fertilization rate seemed lower in the hyperandrogenic phenotypes A, B, C compared to the group without hyperandrogenism without significant difference (p = 0.461). The biological pregnancy rate and live birth rate were comparable between the different groups. Conclusion: Phenotype D used less dose of gonadotropins. Biological pregnancy and live birth rates were comparable between the different phenotypes.

关键词： Phenotype Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome IVF/ICSI Prognosis CHRACERH

Vaccination and Measles Epidemic in the Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 45-55页

作者： Léa Gwladys Gangoue Yanne Mavougou Fabien Rock Niama Pembe Issamou Mayengue etienne Nguimbi National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP) Ministry of Health and Population Brazzaville Republic of Congo Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (BCM) Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo

Measles is a highly infectious, vaccine-preventable viral disease. Often forgotten, it is potentially fatal. Its main symptoms are: fever, cough, conjunctivitis, rhinitis and skin rash. Serological diagnoses by ELISA test based on the detection of anti-measles virus immunoglobulins M and G (IgM and IgG), are used respectively for the confirmation of suspected cases notified by means of clinical signs of the disease in health structures of the twelve departments of the Republic of Congo involved in the epidemiological surveillance of the disease, and for the evaluation of the immunity conferred by vaccination. During 2021, 459 suspected cases of measles were reported and sampled throughout the country, despite the administration under the Expanded Routine Immunization Program (EPI), of 2 doses of the combined measles-rubella vaccine (RR1 and RR2) in 2020. The notification rate was higher in the south of the country, more precisely in the health structures of the departments of Pointe-Noire (42%) and Brazzaville (11%). During the year 2021, 459 suspected cases of measles were notified and sampled throughout the country with a high notification rate in the south of the country, more precisely in the health structures of the Pointe-Noire departments (42%) and Brazzaville (11%). The samples consisting of human blood (serum) were sent to the National Public Health Laboratory and analyzed by various ELISA tests for the detection of anti-measles immunog-lobulins M and G. The analysis of the results obtained shows that the measles virus circulated in all departments of the country. 154 cases (33.55%) were confirmed positive by IgM ELISA and 98 positive cases (63.63%) were patients vaccinated against measles. Vaccination coverage in RR1 of [50%-95% [(first dose) as well as the lowest RR2 < 50% (second dose) undoubtedly because the COVID-19 pandemic could be the cause of the high frequency of cases positive vaccinated. The non-detection of IgG immunoglobulins in vaccinated pat

关键词： Vaccination Measles Epidemic

Age and petrogenesis of the newly discovered Early Permian granite in the Kumtor gold field， Kyrgyz Tien-Shan

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Kyiazbek Asilbekov Rustam Orozbaev etienne Skrzypek Christoph Hauzenberger Elena Ivleva Daniela Gallhofer Jian-Feng Gao Nikolay Pak Anatoliy Shevkunov Anatoliy Bashkirov Aizat Zhaanbaeva Institute of Geology， National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic Institute of Earth Sciences， University of Graz State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry， Institute of Geochemistry， Chinese Academy of Sciences Kumtor Gold Company CJSC

Permian intrusions are widespread in the Middle and Southern Tien Shan， with fewer occurrences in the Northern Tien-Shan. Notably， many of these intrusions are spatially associated with a variety of ore deposits， indicating a significant link between magmatic activity and mineralization processes in these areas. We studied granite samples recently recovered from drilling in the Kumtor gold field to evaluate their potential relationships with gold mineralization. We report major and trace element geochemistry， zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope data for this so-called Kumtor granite. The Kumtor granite is metaluminous to peraluminous and belongs to the high-K and calc-alkaline series with I-type geochemical characteristics. The relatively high K2O and Na2O concentrations and low high field strength elements （HFSE） and heavy rare earth elements （HREE）， the presence of biotite within these I-type granites， together with their low zircon saturation temperatures （731–779 °C）， suggest that they were likely derived from a hydrous source formed by dehydration melting of mica-bearing， medium- to high-K metabasaltic rocks. Our zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that the Kumtor granite intruded at 293 ± 1.7 Ma， which is consistent with the age range of other Middle Tien-Shan granitoids. The zircon Hf isotopic composition is εHf（t）= –7.56 to –5.05， indicating an ancient （1.39 to 1.52 Ga） crustal origin. Petrographical， geochemical and geochronological data indicate that the Kumtor granite is similar to leuco-granites of the Terekty complex. Our results indicate that the Kumtor granite was emplaced in the early Permian in a post-collision setting and may have temporal and genetic relationships with gold mineralization.

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Theoretical Investigation on the Stability and Reactivity of Imidazo [1,2-a] Pyridine N-Acylhydrazone Derivatives Using Density Functional Theory

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Computational Chemistry 2024年第1期12卷 1-23页

作者： Camara Tchambaga etienne Sangare Kassoum Dosso Ouehi Ablo Evrard Sekou Diomande Souleymane Coulibaly Siomenan Coulibali Laboratoire de Constitution et de Raction de la Matire (LCRM) de lUFR SSMT Universit Flix Houphout-Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire Dpartement des Sciences et Technologies Agro-industrielles (STAgI) UFR Agriculture ressources halieutiques et agro-industrie (ARHAI) Universit de San Pedro San Pedro Cte dIvoire Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des nergies Nouvelles (LAPISEN) Institut National Polytechnique FlixHouphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire

The reactivity and stability of seventeen (17) imidazo [1,2-a]pyridine N-acylhydrazone derivatives were investigated using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31+ G (d, p) level. Analysis of the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and determination of the dual descriptor revealed that in most cases, the nitrogen atoms of the 6-πelectron conjugation, the oxygen, and the sulfur atom are nucleophilic site. Chemical reactivity of the compounds was assessed through analysis of frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), energy gap (Δℰ), chemical hardness (η), and the softness (S). Consequently, the compound 9e exhibited the lowest reactivity, least electron donating, and the highest stability. This comprehensive study offers valuable insights into the chemical behavior of these derivatives, crucial for further exploration and potential applications.

关键词： N-Acylhydrazones Imidazo [1 2-a] Pyridine DFT Molecular Electrostatic Potential Reactivity Stability

Histo-Phenotypic Aspects of Breast Cancer in Women under 40 Years Old, in Yaoundé

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第3期14卷 451-465页

作者： Um Esther Meka Ngo Zambo Zambo Coralie Mendouga Menye Kodoumé Motolouze Matene Mengue Obalemba etienne Atenguena Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Morphological Sciences-Pathological Anatomy Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with an increasing incidence. Although it is rare and no much studied in young women, it represents 7% of cases worldwide and often appears more aggressive with a poor prognosis compared to its counterpart in older women. The main objective of our study was to describe the histological and phenotypic aspects of breast cancer in women of age under 40. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective collection of data over a period of 05 years. All women diagnosed with breast cancer were included and divided into 2 study groups: under 40 years old and over 40 years old. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 software, compared using the Chi square or Fisher exact test. A p value Results: We retained 196 files, either 89 for those under 40 and 107 for those over 40. Young patients with breast cancer had a higher stage, grade and tumor size. Lymph node involvement was more observed in women under 40 years (69.6% vs 53.2%). Older women were more likely to be hormone receptor positive (54.2% vs 38.2%);p = 0.018. HER-2 overexpression was higher in women younger than 40 years (39.32% vs 25.23%);p = 0.080 with a high Ki67 proliferation index (30.3% versus 2.8%);p 0.001. Triple-negative and Her-2 tumors were much more frequent in young women (48.3% vs. 36.4%;p = 0.063) and (17.97% vs. 10.3%;p = 0.125). Conclusion: Breast cancer in young women remains more aggressive and is dominated by triple negative and Her-2 phenotypes.

关键词： Breast Cancer Young Women Yaoundé

The Support Systems and Coping Strategies of Infertile Women Attending the Out-Patient Consultation Unit of CHRACERH Yaoundé, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第6期14卷 869-887页

作者： Emenguele Pascale Mpono Fidelia Mbi Kobenge Gabrielle Laure Mengne etienne Belinga Jean Marie Kasia Thomas Obinchemti Egbe Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology CHRACERH Yaound Yaound Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Background: Infertility is a complex disorder with significant psycho-social and economic consequences. It globally affects 10% - 15% of couples. In Cameroon, little is known about what women do to overcome the psychosocial aspects of the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the support systems and coping strategies of infertile women attending the outpatient consultation unit of the Gynaecological Endoscopic Surgery and Reproductive Teaching Hospital (CHRACERH), Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from the 14th of March to the 6th of April 2023 at CHRACERH Yaoundé. A total of 190 participants were recruited using a convenience sampling method. Data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, support systems and coping strategies were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Descriptive and analytic statistics were conducted using SPSS version 25. Results: The mean age of participants was 39.52 ± 7.64 years. The majority 78.9% of participants were workers (public, private sector, or traders) and were Christians 95.8%. The most common source of psychological support was from family 76.8 and husbands 72.63%. Most of the participants 89.5% resorted to prayer and getting busy 48.4% as a coping strategy. There was no statistically significant relationship between coping strategies and psychological disorders p > 0.05. Conclusion: The main support system of participants was family, husband, and friends. Prayer, getting busy and adoption were the most common coping strategies. There is a need for the Ministry of Public Health and other stakeholders to put in place other support systems and coping strategies (FELICIA) used elsewhere and provide adequate health education and infection control to prevent infertility in Cameroon.

关键词： Infertility Coping Strategies Support Systems Mental Health Women