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Physiological phenotypes differ among color morphs in introduced common wall lizards(Podarcis muralis)

Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 505-523页

作者： Ali AMER Sierra SPEARS Princeton L.VAUGhN Cece COLWELL ethan h.livingston Wyatt MCQUEEN Anna SChILL Dustin G.REIChARD Eric J.GANGLOFF Kinsey M.BROCK Department of Biological Sciences Ohio Wesleyan UniversityDelawareOhioUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA Department of Biology Idaho State UniversityPocatelloIdahoUSA Department of Environmental Science Policyand ManagementCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA

Many species exhibit color polymorphisms which have distinct physiological and behavioral ***,the consistency of morph trait covariation patterns across species,time,and ecological contexts remains *** trait covariation is especially relevant in the context of invasion biology and urban ***,physiological traits pertaining to energy maintenance are crucial to fitness,given their immediate ties to individual reproduction,growth,and population *** investigated the physiological traits of Podarcis muralis,a versatile color polymorphic species that thrives in urban environments(including invasive populations in Ohio,USA).We measured five physiological traits(plasma corticosterone and triglycerides,hematocrit,body condition,and field body temperature),which compose an integrated multivariate *** then tested variation among co-occurring color morphs in the context of establishment in an urban *** found that the traits describing physiological status and strategy shifted across the active season in a morph-dependent manner—the white and yellow morphs exhibited clearly different multivariate physiological phenotypes,characterized primarily by differences in plasma *** suggests that morphs have different strategies in physiological regulation,the flexibility of which is crucial to urban *** white-yellow morph exhibited an intermediate phenotype,suggesting an intermediary energy maintenance *** morphs also exhibited distinct phenotypes,but the low prevalence of this morph in our study populations precludes clear *** work provides insight into how differences among stable polymorphisms exist across axes of the phenotype and how this variation may aid in establishment within novel environments.

关键词： color polymorphism physiological status seasonal variation thermoregulation urban habitat

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Efficient Vision Transformers for Autonomous Off-Road Perception Systems

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第9期12卷 188-207页

作者： Max h. Faykus III Adam Pickeral ethan Marquez Melissa C. Smith Jon C. Calhoun holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA

The development of autonomous vehicles has become one of the greatest research endeavors in recent years. These vehicles rely on many complex systems working in tandem to make decisions. For practical use and safety reasons, these systems must not only be accurate, but also quickly detect changes in the surrounding environment. In autonomous vehicle research, the environment perception system is one of the key components of development. Environment perception systems allow the vehicle to understand its surroundings. This is done by using cameras, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), with other sensor systems and modalities. Deep learning computer vision algorithms have been shown to be the strongest tool for translating camera data into accurate and safe traversability decisions regarding the environment surrounding a vehicle. In order for a vehicle to safely traverse an area in real time, these computer vision algorithms must be accurate and have low latency. While much research has studied autonomous driving for traversing well-structured urban environments, limited research exists evaluating perception system improvements in off-road settings. This research aims to investigate the adaptability of several existing deep-learning architectures for semantic segmentation in off-road environments. Previous studies of two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures are included for comparison with new evaluation of Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures for semantic segmentation. Our results demonstrate viability of ViT architectures for off-road perception systems, having a strong segmentation accuracy, lower inference speed and memory footprint compared to previous results with CNN architectures.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation Off-Road Vision Transformers CNNs Autonomous Driving

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Training Load Monitoring Algorithms on highly Sub-Metered home Electricity Consumption Data

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 406-411页

作者： Mario Berges ethan Goldman h. Scott Matthews Lucio Soibelman Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Carnegie Mellon University

The growing interest in energy-efficient buildings is driving changes in investment, design, and occupant behavior. To better focus cost and resource conservation efforts, electricity consumption feedback can be used to provide motivation, guidance, and verification. Disaggregating by end-use helps both consumers and producers to identify targets for conservation. While hardware-based sub-metering is costly and labor-intensive, non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is capable of gathering detailed energy-use data with minimal equipment cost and installation time. however, variations in measurements between metering devices complicate the process of compiling the necessary appliance profiles. Future work involves the devel-opment of NILM algorithms using sensor fusion and detailed appliance-level data gathered from a highly-sensed house currently being constructed near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

关键词： electricity metering feedback energy conservation non-intrusive load monitoring

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Learning from the 2009 h1N1 pandemic:prospects for more broadly effective influenza vaccines

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2011年第3期3卷 144-146页

作者： ethan C.Settembre Philip R.Dormitzer Rino Rappuoli Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics CambridgeMAUSASienaItaly

Calls to develop a universal influenza vaccine have increased in the wake of the 2009 h1N1 influenza *** demand comes at a time when analyses of the human antibody repertoire,informed by structures of complexes between broadly neutralizing antibodies and influenza hemagglutinin,have revealed the target of a class of broadly neutralizing *** studies suggest a path forward to more broadly protective influenza vaccines.

关键词： influenza vaccines protective

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Immanant positivity for Catalan-Stieltjes matrices

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2022年第5期17卷 887-903页

作者： ethan Y.h.LI Grace M.X.LI Arthur L.B.YANG Candice X.T.ZhANG Center for Combinatorics LPMCNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

We give some sufficient conditions for the nonnegativity of immanants of square submatrices of Catalan-Stieltjes matrices and their corresponding hankel *** obtain these sufficient conditions,we construct new planar networks with a recursive nature for Catalan-Stieltjes *** applications,we provide a unified way to produce inequalities for many combinatorial polynomials,such as the Eulerian polynomials,Schröder polynomials,and Narayana polynomials.

关键词： Immanant character Catalan-Stieltjes matrices hankel matrices planar network

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Development of a Bayesian inference model for assessing ventilation condition based on CO_(2)meters in primary schools

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Building Simulation 2023年第1期16卷 133-149页

作者： Danlin hou Liangzhu(Leon)Wang Ali Katal Shujie Yan Liang(Grace)Zhou Vicky Wang Mark Vuotari ethan Li Zihan Xie Centre for Zero Energy Building Studies Department of BuildingCivil and Environmental EngineeringConcordia University1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd.WestMontrealQuebecH3G 1M8Canada Construction Research Centre Engineering DivisionNational Research Council of CanadaM-241200 Montreal RoadOttawaOntario K1A 0R6Canada

Outdoor fresh air ventilation plays a significant role in reducing airborne transmission of diseases in indoor *** classrooms are considerably challenged during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the increasing need for in-person education,untimely and incompleted vaccinations,high occupancy density,and uncertain ventilation *** schools started to use CO_(2)meters to indicate air quality,but how to interpret the data remains *** uncertainties are also involved,including manual readings,student numbers and schedules,uncertain CO_(2)generation rates,and variable indoor and ambient *** study proposed a Bayesian inference approach with sensitivity analysis to understand CO_(2)readings in four primary schools by identifying uncertainties and calibrating key *** outdoor ventilation rate,CO_(2)generation rate,and occupancy level were identified as the top sensitive parameters for indoor CO_(2)*** occupancy schedule becomes critical when the CO_(2)data are limited,whereas a 15-min measurement interval could capture dynamic CO_(2)profiles well even without the occupancy *** CO_(2)recording should be avoided because it failed to capture peak values and overestimated the ventilation *** the four primary school rooms,the calibrated ventilation rate with a 95%confidence level for fall condition is 1.96±0.31 ACh for Room#1(165 m^(3)and 20 occupancies)with mechanical ventilation,and for the rest of the naturally ventilated rooms,it is 0.40±0.08 ACh for Room#2(236 m^(3)and 21 occupancies),0.30±0.04 or 0.79±0.06 ACh depending on occupancy schedules for Room#3(236 m^(3)and 19 occupancies),0.40±0.32,0.48±0.37,0.72±0.39 ACh for Room#4(231 m^(3)and 8–9 occupancies)for three consecutive days.

关键词： COVID-19 Bayesian calibration Markov Chain Monte Carlo ventilation rate school CO_(2)

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Vaccine hesitancy—A Persistant Pandemic and Continued Threat to Global health

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第3期11卷 64-72页

作者： ethan Ayaan Mir Centennial high School Corona CA USA

Last time the world faced a deadly pandemic was the h1N1 Spanish flu in 1918, which affected almost one third of the world’s population (500 million people). Since then, almost 100 years later, we are now facing another pandemic of the SARS-CoV2 virus (Covid-19), which is still endemic to this day. As technology evolved during those 100 years, an effective vaccine for Covid-19 was produced within only a year, a huge feat. But, unfortunately, due to its fast development, another force would arise limiting the impact of the vaccine: Vacccine hesitancy and anti-vaxxers, which John hopkins and the World health Organization call the biggest current threat to global health. From politics to social media, it is clear that there has been a rapid spread of misinformation, resulting in hesitancy, especially from sociopolitically motivated people popularly referred to as antivaccers. however, a second group of vaccine-hesitant people have also emerged, who are uneducated and remain undecided about vaccination mostly due to safety concerns. They come under the massive influence of anti-vaxxers and anti-vaccine propaganda through social media and politicians, which often make bold claims and huge headlines. To combat vaccine hesitancy, it is crucial that we debunk these conspiracy theories and misinformation that so many believe in, with factual, data-based information. Actively spreading correct information about the vaccines, such as disclosing the rigorous developmental processes and validation of safety data by the FDA, assurance for unlikeliness of getting a lethal side effect along with tremendous health benefits, will encourage people to safe vaccination against Covid-19 and other potentially infectious diseases in future. This article discusses the role of anti-vaxxers and vaccine hesitancy groups, electronic social media, and politics in vaccine hesitancy among people. It describes the strategies to combat the roadblocks in the vaccination programs and health benefits,

关键词： Vaccine Vaccine hesitancy Anti-vaxxers Pandemic Covid-19 Social Media Politics

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Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound to increase localized blood-spinal cord barrier permeability

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第12期12卷 2045-2049页

作者： Allison h.Payne Gregory W.hawryluk Yoshimi Anzai henrik Odéen Megan A.Ostlie ethan C.Reichert Amanda J.Stump Satoshi Minoshima Donna J.Cross Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Department of Neurosurgery University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA

Spinal cord injury（SCI） affects thousands of people every year in the USA, and most patients are left with some permanent paralysis. Therapeutic options are limited and only modestly affect outcome. To address this issue, we used magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound（MRg FUS） as a non-invasive approach to increase permeability in the blood-spinal cord barrier（BSCB）. We hypothesize that localized, controlled sonoporation of the BSCB by MRg FUS will aid delivery of therapeutics to the injury. here, we report our preliminary findings for the ability of MRg FUS to increase BSCB permeability in the thoracic spinal cord of a normal rat model. First, an excised portion of normal rat spinal column was used to characterize the acoustic field and to estimate the insertion losses that could be expected in an MRg FUS blood spinal cord barrier opening. Then, in normal rats, MRg FUS was applied in combination with intravenously administered microbubbles to the spinal cord region. Permeability of the BSCB was indicated as signal enhancement by contrast administered prior to T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and verified by Evans blue dye. Neurological testing using the Basso, Beattie, and Breshnahan scale and the ladder walk was normal in 8 of 10 rats tested. Two rats showed minor impairment indicating need for further refinement of parameters. No gross tissue damage was evident by histology. In this study, we have opened successfully the blood spinal cord barrier in the thoracic region of the normal rat spine using magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles.

关键词： focused ultrasound spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging contrast-enhanced blood-spinalcord barrier

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First 100 cases of transvesical single-port robotic radical prostatectomy

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第4期10卷 416-422页

作者： Roxana Ramos-Carpinteyro ethan L.Ferguson Jaya S.Chavali Albert Geskin Jihad Kaouk Glickman Urological&Kidney Institute Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOHUSA

Objective:To describe the surgical technique and report the early outcomes of the transvesical(TV)approach to single-port(SP)robot-assisted radical ***:All procedures were performed at a single center by one *** identified the first 100 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer that underwent SP TV robot-assisted radical prostatectomy using the da Vinci SP robotic surgical *** were collected prospectively and analyzed with descriptive *** primary outcomes assessed were postoperative urinary continence,rate of biochemical recurrence,and sexual ***:All procedures were performed without extra ports or *** median age was 62.1 years and 49.0%of the patients had abdominal surgery *** preoperative median prostate-specific antigen value and prostate volume were 5.0 ng/mL and 33.0 mL,*** were no intraoperative *** median operative time and estimated blood loss were 212.5 min and 100.0 mL,respectively.A total of 92.0%of patients were discharged within 24.0 h,with an overall median length of stay of 5.6 *** 4.0%of patients required opioid prescriptions at *** median Foley catheter duration was 3 *** margins were present in 15.0%of *** follow-up was 10.4 *** rate was immediate after Foley removal in 49.0%of cases,65.0%at 2 weeks,77.4%at 6 weeks,94.1%at 6 months,and 98.9%at 1 *** case of biochemical recurrence(1.0%)was noted 3 months after ***:The SP TV approach for radical prostatectomy cases is a safe and feasible technique for patients with clinically localized prostate *** technique offers advantages of short hospital stay,minimal narcotic use postoperatively,and promising early return of urinary continence,without compromising oncologic outcomes.

关键词： Prostate cancer Radical prostatectomy Robotic-assisted surgery Single-port Minimally-invasive surgery

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Application of the neuromuscular fatigue threshold treadmill test to muscles of the quadriceps and hamstrings

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2020年第6期9卷 628-633页

作者： Clayton L.Camic Attila J.Kovacs Trisha A.VanDusseldorp ethan C.hill Evan A.Enquist human Performance Laboratory Exercise and Sport ScienceUniversity of Wisconsin-La CrosseLa CrosseWisconsin 54601USA Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management Kennesaw State UniversityKennesawGeorgia 30144USA Department of Nutrition and health Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNebraska 68583USA Department of Kinesiology University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabama 35487USA

Purpose:The purposes of the present study were:(1)to determine whether the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold(PWCFT)model that has been used for estimating the onset of neuromuscular fatigue in the vastus lateralis(VL)during incremental treadmill running could also be applied to the vastus medialis(VM),biceps femoris(BF),and semitendinosus(ST)muscles;and(2)if applicable,to compare the running velocities associated with the PWCFT among these ***:Eleven subjects(age 21.7±1.8 years)performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion with electromyographic signals recorded from the VL,VM,BF,and ***:The results indicated there were no significant(p>0.05)mean differences in the running velocities associated with the PWCFT for the VL(14.4±2.0 km/h),VM(14.3±1.9 km/h),BF(13.8±1.8 km/h),and ST(14.7±2.3 km/h).In addition,there were significant inter-correlations(r=0.68-0.88)among running velocities associated with the PWCFT of each *** results also indicated that 9 of the 11 subjects exhibited identical PWCFT values for at least 3 of the 4 muscles,but there were no uniform patterns for any intra-individual ***:The findings of the present study suggested that the PWCFT test is a viable method to identify neuromuscular fatigue in the quadriceps and hamstrings during incremental treadmill exercise and results in consistent PWCFT values among these muscles.

关键词： EMG amplitude Muscle activation PWCFT

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