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HIDA scan for functional gallbladder disorder： ensure that you know how the scan was done

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第2期16卷 197-201页

作者： Naeem Goussous Hadia Maqsood ethan Spiegler Gopal c Kowdley Steven c cunningham Department of Surgery Saint Agnes Hospital Baltimore USA Department of Nuclear Medicine Saint Agnes Hospital Baltimore USA

BAcKGROUND： Despite the increasing use of fatty meal（FM） as a substitute for cholecystokinin（ccK） in pain reproduction during hepato-imino-diacetic acid（HIDA） scan in functional gallbladder disorder, there are no studies comparing the differences between ccK and FM. The present study was to compare the efficacy of FM in comparison of ccK in FGBD application. METHODS： Patients undergoing HIDA scans from August 2013 to May 2014 were divided into two groups： those undergoing ccK-stimulated HIDA scan versus FM-stimulated HIDA scan. These groups were compared according to demographics and HIDA ***： Of 153 patients, 70 received ccK and 83 FM. There was no difference regarding age, gender, gallstones, gallbladder ejection fraction and time to visualization. However, significantly more of the patients receiving ccK than FM experienced pain reproduction（61% vs 30%, P〈0.01）.cONcLUSIONS： Stimulation of gallbladder contractility with a FM during HIDA is less than half as likely to reproduce biliary symptoms compared to ccK, despite similar ejection fractions and other parameters. It is essential that providers account for this difference when counseling patients regarding cholecystectomy for functional gallbladder disorder.

关键词： gallbladder dysfunction biliary dyskinesia cholecystokinin hepato-imino-diacetic acid

Retrospective analysis of eFAST ultrasounds performed on trauma activations at an academic level-1 trauma center

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第1期11卷 12-17页

作者： Samantha Shwe Lauren Witchey Shadi Lahham ethan Kunstadt Inna Shniter John c.Fox School of Medicine University of CaliforniaIrvine 92697USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of CaliforniaIrvineOrangeCA 92868USA

BAcKGROUND:Point-of-care ultrasound(POcUS)has become increasingly integrated into the practice of emergency medicine.A common application is the extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma(eFAST)*** American college of Emergency Physicians has guidelines regarding the scope of ultrasound in the emergency department and the appropriate *** objective of this study was to conduct a review of performed,documented and billed eFAST ultrasounds on trauma activation ***:This was a retrospective review of all trauma activation patients during a 10-month period at an academic level-one trauma center.A list comparing all trauma activations was crossreferenced with a list of all billed eFAST *** records were reviewed to determine whether an eFAST was indicated,performed,and appropriately ***:We found that 1,507 of 1,597 trauma patients had indications for eFAST,but 396(27%)of these patients did not have a billed *** these 396 patients,87(22%)had documentation in the provider note that an eFAST was performed but there was no separate procedure *** remaining 309(78%)did not have any documentation of the eFAST in the patient’s chart although an eFAST was recorded and reviewed during ultrasound quality ***:A significant proportion of trauma patients had eFAST exams performed but were not documented or *** of documentation was *** ultrasound programs require appropriate reimbursement to support training,credentialing,equipment,quality assurance,and device *** study demonstrates a significant absence of adequate documentation leading to potential revenue loss for an emergency ultrasound program.

关键词： Point-of-care ultrasound Emergency medicine Focused assessment withsonography in trauma Trauma activation Blunt trauma

A modular microfluidic platform to study how fluid shear stress alters estrogen receptor phenotype in ER+breast cancer cells

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 287-299页

作者： Braulio Andrés Ortega Quesada Jonathan cuccia Rachael coates Blake Nassar ethan Littlefield Elizabeth c.Martin Adam T.Melvin cain Department of chemical Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department of chemical and Biological Engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Biological and Agricultural Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department Medicine Section Hematology and Medical OncologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70118USA

Metastatic breast cancer leads to poor prognoses and worse outcomes in patients due to its invasive behavior and poor response to *** is still unclear what biophysical and biochemical factors drive this more aggressive phenotype in metastatic cancer;however recent studies have suggested that exposure to fluid shear stress in the vasculature could cause *** this study a modular microfluidic platform capable of mimicking the magnitude of fluid shear stress(FSS)found in human vasculature was designed and *** device provides a platform to evaluate the effects of FSS on McF-7 cell line,an estrogen receptor positive(ER+)breast cancer cell line,during circulation in the *** of the effects of FSS on McF-7 cells was carried out utilizing two approaches:single cell analysis and bulk *** single cell analysis,cells were trapped in a microarray after exiting the serpentine channel and followed by immunostaining on the device(on-chip).Bulk analysis was performed after cells were collected in a microtube at the outlet of the microfluidic serpentine channel for western blotting(off-chip).It was found that cells exposed to an FSS magnitude of 10 dyn/cm^(2) with a residence time of 60 s enhanced expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 in the McF-7 cell line at a single cell *** understand possible mechanisms for enhanced Ki67 expression,on-chip and off-chip analyses were performed for pro-growth and survival pathways ERK,AKT,and JAK/*** demonstrated that after shearing the cells phosphorylation of p-AKT,p-mTOR,and p-STAT3 were ***,there was no change in p-ERK1/*** is a mediator of ER rapid signaling,analysis of phosphorylated ERαwas carried out and no significant differences between sheared and non-sheared populations were *** together these results demonstrate that FSS can increase phosphorylation of proteins associated with a more aggressive phenotype in circulating cancer *** findin

关键词： fluid breast estrogen

Application of the neuromuscular fatigue threshold treadmill test to muscles of the quadriceps and hamstrings

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第6期9卷 628-633页

作者： clayton L.camic Attila J.Kovacs Trisha A.VanDusseldorp ethan c.Hill Evan A.Enquist Human Performance Laboratory Exercise and Sport ScienceUniversity of Wisconsin-La CrosseLa CrosseWisconsin 54601USA Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management Kennesaw State UniversityKennesawGeorgia 30144USA Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNebraska 68583USA Department of Kinesiology University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabama 35487USA

Purpose:The purposes of the present study were:(1)to determine whether the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold(PWcFT)model that has been used for estimating the onset of neuromuscular fatigue in the vastus lateralis(VL)during incremental treadmill running could also be applied to the vastus medialis(VM),biceps femoris(BF),and semitendinosus(ST)muscles;and(2)if applicable,to compare the running velocities associated with the PWcFT among these ***:Eleven subjects(age 21.7±1.8 years)performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion with electromyographic signals recorded from the VL,VM,BF,and ***:The results indicated there were no significant(p>0.05)mean differences in the running velocities associated with the PWcFT for the VL(14.4±2.0 km/h),VM(14.3±1.9 km/h),BF(13.8±1.8 km/h),and ST(14.7±2.3 km/h).In addition,there were significant inter-correlations(r=0.68-0.88)among running velocities associated with the PWcFT of each *** results also indicated that 9 of the 11 subjects exhibited identical PWcFT values for at least 3 of the 4 muscles,but there were no uniform patterns for any intra-individual ***:The findings of the present study suggested that the PWcFT test is a viable method to identify neuromuscular fatigue in the quadriceps and hamstrings during incremental treadmill exercise and results in consistent PWcFT values among these muscles.

关键词： EMG amplitude Muscle activation PWcFT

Engineered hydrogels for brain tumor culture and therapy

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2020年第3期3卷 203-226页

作者： Jai Thakor Samad Ahadian Ali Niakan ethan Banton Fatemeh Nasrollahi Mohammad MHasani‑Sadrabadi Ali Khademhosseini center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics(c‑MIT) University of California-Los Angeles570 Westwood PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Bioengineering University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Weintraub center for Reconstructive Biotechnology Division of Advanced ProsthodonticsSchool of DentistryUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Radiological Sciences University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation(TIBI) Los AngelesCA 90024USA

Brain tumors’severity ranges from benign to highly aggressive and *** tools can assist in understanding the pathophysiology of these tumors from outside the body and facilitate development of suitable antitumoral ***,we first describe the physiology and cellular composition of brain ***,we discuss the development of threedimensional tissue models utilizing brain tumor *** particular,we highlight the role of hydrogels in providing a biomimetic support for the cells to grow into defined *** technologies,such as electrospinning and bioprinting,and advanced cellular models aim to mimic the extracellular matrix and natural cellular localization in engineered tumor ***,we review current applications and prospects of hydrogels for therapeutic purposes,such as drug delivery and co-administration with other *** further development,hydrogels can serve as a reliable option for in vitro modeling and treatment of brain tumors for translational medicine.

关键词： Brain tumor Bioengineering cancer cells Drug delivery Hydrogel

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound to increase localized blood-spinal cord barrier permeability

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第12期12卷 2045-2049页

作者： Allison H.Payne Gregory W.Hawryluk Yoshimi Anzai Henrik Odéen Megan A.Ostlie ethan c.Reichert Amanda J.Stump Satoshi Minoshima Donna J.cross Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Department of Neurosurgery University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA

Spinal cord injury（ScI） affects thousands of people every year in the USA, and most patients are left with some permanent paralysis. Therapeutic options are limited and only modestly affect outcome. To address this issue, we used magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound（MRg FUS） as a non-invasive approach to increase permeability in the blood-spinal cord barrier（BScB）. We hypothesize that localized, controlled sonoporation of the BScB by MRg FUS will aid delivery of therapeutics to the injury. Here, we report our preliminary findings for the ability of MRg FUS to increase BScB permeability in the thoracic spinal cord of a normal rat model. First, an excised portion of normal rat spinal column was used to characterize the acoustic field and to estimate the insertion losses that could be expected in an MRg FUS blood spinal cord barrier opening. Then, in normal rats, MRg FUS was applied in combination with intravenously administered microbubbles to the spinal cord region. Permeability of the BScB was indicated as signal enhancement by contrast administered prior to T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and verified by Evans blue dye. Neurological testing using the Basso, Beattie, and Breshnahan scale and the ladder walk was normal in 8 of 10 rats tested. Two rats showed minor impairment indicating need for further refinement of parameters. No gross tissue damage was evident by histology. In this study, we have opened successfully the blood spinal cord barrier in the thoracic region of the normal rat spine using magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles.

关键词： focused ultrasound spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging contrast-enhanced blood-spinalcord barrier

Geographical Analysis of Lung cancer Mortality Rate and PM2.5 Using Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第6期5卷 183-197页

作者： Zhiyong Hu ethan Baker Department of Earth & Environmental Studies University of West Florida Pensacola USA

Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) may increase risk of lung cancer. The repetitive and broad-area coverage of satellites may allow atmospheric remote sensing to offer a unique opportunity to monitor air quality and help fill air pollution data gaps that hinder efforts to study air pollution and protect public health. This geographical study explores if there is an association between PM2.5 and lung cancer mortality rate in the conterminous USA. Lung cancer (IcD-10 codes c34- c34) death count and population at risk by county were extracted for the period from 2001 to 2010 from the U.S. cDc WONDER online database. The 2001-2010 Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth dataset was used to calculate a 10 year average PM2.5 pollution. Exploratory spatial data analyses, spatial regression (a spatial lag and a spatial error model), and spatially extended Bayesian Monte carlo Markov chain simulation found that there is a significant positive association between lung cancer mortality rate and PM2.5. The association would justify the need of further toxicological investigation of the biological mechanism of the adverse effect of the PM2.5 pollution on lung cancer. The Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth dataset provides a continuous surface of concentrations of PM2.5 and is a useful data source for environmental health research.

关键词： Lung cancer PM2.5 Remote Sensing GIS Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Spatial Regression Bayesian McMc Simulation

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第2期2卷 173-182页

作者： Joshua L.Keller Terry J.Housh ethan c.Hill cory M.Smith Richard J.Schmidt Glen O.Johnson Human Performance Laboratory Department of Nutrition and Health SciencesCollege of Education and Human SciencesUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68508USA Division of Kinesiology School of Kinesiology and Physical TherapyUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA Department of Kinesiology College of Health SciencesUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX 79968USA

The purpose of this investigation was to use the RPE clamp protocol to examine sex-related differences in performance fati-gability and neuromuscular responses as the result of a sustained isometric leg extension muscle action anchored to RPE=*** adults(10 men,10 women)performed sustained muscle actions at RPE=2 for *** voluntary isometric contractions(MVIc)were performed prior to and following the sustained muscle ***(electromyographic and mechanomyographic)parameters and force were recorded,and the values were normalized to respective MVIcs and cal-culated every 5%across the 5-min work *** artery blood flow(FABF)was assessed at pretest,immediately posttest,and 5-min *** regression was used to define the individual and composite normalized neuromuscular and force versus time relationships during the sustained muscle *** factorial ANOVAs were used to examine differences in performance fatigability and blood *** performance fatigability,the men(62.4±14.4 kg-43.1±11.5 kg)exhibited a significantly(Pcrease pretest to posttest in MVIc than the women(44.1±4.8 kg vs.38.1±6.1 kg).There were different fatigue-induced neuromuscular patterns of responses between the men and women across *** blood flow responses,however,there was no sex-related difference,but pretest(283.3±70.8 mL/min)was significantly(Pce fatigability than the women,which was independent of differences in *** such as the neuromuscular system and muscle morphology likely contributed to the difference in performance fatigability.

关键词： Perception Resistance training Electromyography Fatigue Mechanomyography RPE clamp

Reactivity,Regioselectivity,and Synthetic Application of 2-Pyrenyl Units in Scholl Reactions

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ccS chemistry 2023年第9期5卷 2069-2077页

作者： Sai Ho Pun ethan chi Ho Wen Zeming Xia Han chen Felix RFischer Qian Miao Department of chemistry The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Department of chemistry University of CologneCologne Department of chemistry University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia 94720 Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia 94720 Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute at the University of california Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCalifornia 94720 Bakar Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet Division of ComputingData Scienceand SocietyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia 94720

We herein report the reactivity and regioselectivity of 2-pyrenyl as a coupling unit in Scholl *** the basis of the Scholl reactions of hexaarylbenzene substrates,we have found that pyrenyl units are preferably oxidized over naphthyl and phenyl units under appropriate Scholl reaction conditions,allowing divergent synthesis through a highly controllable intramolecular coupling *** find that the c1 and c3 positions of the 2-pyrenyl unit are the favorable sites for intramolecular coupling while c4 is not reactive to allow further *** reactivity and regioselectivity pattern can be explained by the spin density distribution,which shows that carbon-carbon bonds preferably form at sites with higher positive spin *** by these findings,we successfully synthesized a double helicene and a sextuple helicene through the controlled Scholl reactions of 2-pyrenyl units.

关键词： helicene polycyclic aromatics pyrene Scholl reactions spin density