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The Effects of Three Mineral Nitrogen Sources and Zinc on Maize and Wheat Straw Decomposition and Soil Organic Carbon

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第12期13卷 2768-2777页

作者： Ogunniyi Jumoke esther GUO Chun-hui TIAN Xiao-hong LI Hong-yun ZHOU Yang-xue College of Natural Resources and Environment/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China Ministry of Agriculture Northwest A&F University

The incorporation of straw in cultivated ifelds can potentially improve soil quality and crop yield. However, the presence of recalcitrant carbon compounds in straw slow its decomposition rate. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen sources, with and without the application of zinc, on straw decomposition and soil quality. Soils were treated with three different nitrogen sources, with and without zinc： urea （CO（NH2）2）, ammonium sulfate （（NH4）2SO4）, and ammonium chloride （NH4Cl）. The combined treatments were as follows：maize （M） and wheat （W） straw incorporated into urea-, ammonium sulfate-, or ammonium chloride-treated soil （U, S, and C, respectively） with and without zinc （Z）（MU, MUZ, WU, WUZ;MS, MSZ, WS, WSZ;MC, MCZ, WC, WCZ, respectively）;straw with zinc only （MZ, WZ）;straw with untreated soil （MS, WS）;and soil-only or control conditions （NT）. The experiment consisted of 17 treatments with four replications. Each pot contained 150 g soil and 1.125 g straw, had a moisture content of 80%of the ifeld capacity, and was incubated for 53 days at 25°C. The rates of CO2-C emission, cumulative CO2-C evolution, total CO2 production in the soils of different treatments were measured to infer decomposition rates. The total organic carbon （TOC）, labile organic carbon （LOC）, and soil microbial biomass in the soils of different treatments were measured to infer soil quality. All results were signiifcantly different （P〈0.05） with the exception of the labile organic carbon （LOC）. The maize and wheat straw showed different patterns in CO2 evolution rates. For both straw types, Zn had a synergic effect with U, but an antagonistic effect with the other N sources as determined by the total CO2 produced. The MUZ treatment showed the highest decomposition rate and cumulative CO2 concentration （1 120.29 mg/pot）, whereas the WACZ treatment had the lowest cumulative CO2 concentration （1 040.57 mg/pot）. The addition of NH4Cl resulted in the highest

关键词： nitrogen sources zinc carbon fractions straw mineralization wheat straw maize straw LOC

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Prospects for ASEAN-China Free Trade Area:A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

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China & World Economy 2009年第4期17卷 104-120页

作者： Donghyun Park Innwon Park Gemma esther B.Estrada Economic and Research Department Asian Development Bank Division of International Studies Korea University

The current global financial and economic crisis is giving new life to initiatives that promote closer economic integration among East Asian countries. A significant example is the ASEAN- China Free Trade Area （.4 CFTA）, which is set to come into effect around 2010..4CFTA aims to boost trade between two economies that are partners as well as competitors： ASEAN and China. In the present paper, we use insights from customs union theory in a qualitative analysis considering whether,4CFTA would benefit both sides. We also apply a computable general equilibrium model to perform a quantitative analysis of the same issue. Both our qualitative and quantitative analyses provide grounds for guarded optimism regarding A CFTA ＇s prospects as a vehicle for strengthening the economic partnership between ASEAN and China.

关键词： ASEAN China computable general equilibrium model economic integration free trade area

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Reliability and validity of the public innovation Hexagon(PIH)as applied to the Spanish social services

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2024年第3期8卷 237-248页

作者： Jaime Minguijon Cecilia Serrano-Martínez esther Raya-Diez Department of Psychology and Sociology University of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain Department of Law University of la RiojaLogronoSpain

Social services are a protection system that seeks to assist people throughout their *** is essential for enabling us to respond to the problems that society is currently facing and to adapt to our changing *** paper validates an instrument based on the Public Innovation Hexagon(PIH),for measuring the degree to which an innovation culture is being implemented in the Spanish social services system.A sample group of social services professionals were asked to complete a questionnaire based on the variables that make up the PIH *** our initial validation of the PIH model,we reduced the 42 initial items to 32,while maintaining the initial six *** objective was to eliminate redundant items and ensure that the resulting end model was more solid and *** new improved model(PIHn)that we created achieved greater consistency with a smaller number of items while maintaining the initial six dimensions.

关键词： Organizational innovation Innovation Intra-organizational relations Organizational culture Survey construction and analysis

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Application of the Population Health Approach to Drinking Water System Surveillance

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环境与职业医学 2007年第1期24卷 117-119页

作者： Deborah Kelly Barnard esther Parker Ann Thomas Population Health Epidemiologist Population Health Surveillance Unit

A drinking water supply is a complicated system in its construction,operation,maintenance and need for public health surveillance.

关键词： drinking water surveillance british columbia canada

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Stable NiO-CeO_(2) nanoparticles with improved carbon resistance for methane dry reforming

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第1期40卷 57-62页

作者： Andrea Cárdenas-Arenas esther Bailón-García Dolores Lozano-Castelló Patrick Da Costa Agustín Bueno-López Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of AlicanteCarretera de San Vicente s/nE03080AlicanteSpain Sorbonne Universite Institut Jean Le Rond d'AlembertCNRS UMR 71902 place de la gare de ceinture78210Saint Cyr L'EcoleFrance

High surface area mixed oxide 8.7%NiO-CeO_(2) nanoparticles(122 m2/g;6-7 nm)were prepared using a reversed microemulsion method,and were tested for dry methane reforming(DRM).The catalytic activity of these nanoparticles remains stable under the severe conditions of DRM(700℃),and they show better carbon resistance than conventional NiO-CeO_(2) catalysts prepared without control of the *** activity and selectivity of nanoparticles and reference catalyst are similar,but nanoparticles reduce the accumulation of carbon by 63%during the DRM tests,which is a key feature for this *** and H_(2)-TPR suggest that the improved carbon resistance of the nanoparticles is due to the better interaction and cooperation between NiO and CeO_(2) mixed *** nanoparticles,the participation of cerium cations in the redox processes taking place during DRM stabilizes cationic species of *** the contrary,the catalyst prepared without control of the size suffers segregation of Ni during DRM reaction,and segregated Ni explains the higher catalytic formation of carbon.

关键词： Methane dry reforming Nickel Ceria Nanoparticle Rare earths

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An overview of biomass solid fuels:Biomass sources,processing methods,and morphological and microstructural properties

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第4期8卷 333-360页

作者： Segun E.Ibitoye Rasheedat M.Mahamood Tien-Chien Jen Chanchal Loha esther T.Akinlabi Department of Mechanical Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland Park2006524South Africa Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of IlorinIlorin P.M.B.1515Nigeria Energy Research and Technology Group CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research InstituteWest BengalDurgapur-713209India Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle NE18STUnited Kingdom

Biomass solid fuel(BSF)has emerged as a promising renewable energy source,but its morphological and microstructural properties are crucial in determining their physical,mechanical,and chemical *** paper provides an overview of recent research on *** focus is on biomass sources,BSF processing methods,and morphological and microstructural properties,with a special emphasis on energy-related *** inclusion and exclusion criteria were established for the study to ensure *** inclusion criteria encompassed studies about BSFs and studies investigating the influence of biomass sources and processing methods on the morphological and microstructural properties of solid fuels within the past five *** technologies for converting biomass into usable energy were discussed,including gasification,torrefaction,carbonization,hydrothermal carbonization(HTC),and *** has advantages and disadvantages in energy performance,techno-economics,and climate *** is efficient but requires high *** produces bio-oil,char,and gases based on feedstock *** generates low-cost biochar for solid fuels and carbon sequestration *** increases energy density for co-firing with *** processes wet biomass efficiently with lower energy *** treatment affects BSF durability and strength,often leading to less durability due to voids and gaps between *** carbonization alters surface morphology,creating cavities,pores,and distinctive *** pyrolysis generates biochar with better morphological properties,while fast pyrolysis yields biochar with lower porosity and surface *** constitutes 67%of the biomass sources utilized for bioenergy generation,followed by wood residues(5%),agro-residues(4%),municipal solid wastes(3%),energy crops(3%),livestock wastes(3%),and forest residues(1%).Each source has advantages and drawbacks,such as avail

关键词： Biomass feedstock Microstructural property Morphological property Renewable energy Thermal treatment

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Model–proxy comparison for overshoot phenomenon of Atlantic thermohaline circulation at Bφlling–Allerφd

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第33期59卷 4510-4515页

作者： Jun Cheng Zhengyu Liu Feng He Bette Otto-Bliesner esther Brady Jean Lynch-Stieglitz Polar Climate System and Global Change Laboratory and Earth System Modeling Center (ESMC) Nanjing International Academy of Meteorological Sciences (NIAMS) Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Center for Climatic Research University of Wisconsin-Madison LaCOAS/Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Peking University Climate and Global Dynamics Division National Center for Atmospheric Research School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology

The overshoot phenomenon of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation(THC) is a transient climate response to meltwater forcing and could induce intense climate change by increasing the magnitudes of Atlantic THC changes at the end of meltwater discharges. This phenomenon was formally presented with the successfully simulated Bφlling–Allerφd(BA) event in the first transient simulation of the last deglaciation with fully coupled model NCAR-CCSM3(TraCE-21K). Currently, not all proxy records of Atlantic THC support the occurrence of the THC overshoot at BA. Commonly used THC proxy from Bermuda Rise(GGC5) does not exhibit THC overshoot at BA but other proxies such as TTR-451 at Eirik Drift do. How to interpret this regional discrepancy of proxy records is a key question for the validation of the Atlantic THC overshoot at BA. Here, we show that the vigor of deep circulation varies regionally during the Atlantic THC overshoot at BA in TraCE-21 K simulation, and this regional discrepancy in the simulation is consistent with that in the marine sediment records in North Atlantic. The consistent model–proxy evidence supports the occurrence of Atlantic THC overshoot at BA.

关键词：北大西洋过冲现象温盐环流代理模型模拟过程 THC 气候变化

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Split-root systems applied to the study of the legume-rhizobial symbiosis: What have we learned?

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第12期56卷 1118-1124页

作者： Estíbaliz Larrainzar Erena Gil-Quintana Cesar Arrese-Igor esther M.González Daniel Marino Department of Environmental Sciences Public University of Navarra Pamplona E-31006 Spain Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Bilbao E-48080 Spain Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao E-48011 Spain

Split-root system（SRS） approaches allow the differential treatment of separate and independent root systems, while sharing a common aerial part. As such, SRS is a useful tool for the discrimination of systemic（shoot origin）versus local（root/nodule origin） regulation mechanisms. This type of approach is particularly useful when studying the complex regulatory mechanisms governing the symbiosis established between legumes and Rhizobium bacteria. The current work provides an overview of the main insights gained from the application of SRS approaches to understand how nodule number（nodulation autoregulation） and nitrogen fixation are controlled both under non-stressful conditions and in response to a variety of stresses. Nodule number appears to be mainly controlled at the systemic level through a signal which is produced by nodule/root tissue, translocated to the shoot, and transmitted back to the root system, involving shoot Leu-rich repeat receptor-like kinases. In contrast, both local and systemic mechanisms have been shown to operate for the regulation of nitrogenase activity in nodules. Under drought and heavy metal stress, the regulation is mostly local,whereas the application of exogenous nitrogen seems to exert a regulation of nitrogen fixation both at the local and systemic levels.

关键词： legume-rhizobia nitrogen fixation nodulation split-root system symbiosis

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More Transporters,More Substrates:The Arabidopsis Major Facilitator Superfamily Revisited

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Molecular Plant 2019年第9期12卷 1182-1202页

作者： Maria Nino-Gonzalez esther Novo-Uzal Dale N.Richardson Pedro M.Barros Paula Duque Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia 2780-156 OeirasPortugal Genomics of Plant Stress Unit ITQB NOVA-Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica Antonio XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2780-157 OeirasPortugal

The Major Facilitator Superfamily(MFS)is ubiquitous in living organisms and represents the largest group of secondary active membrane *** plants,significant research efforts have focused on the role of specific families within the MFS,particularly those transporting macronutrients(C,N,and P)that constitute the vast majority of the members of this *** MFS families remain less explored,although a plethora of additional substrates and physiological functions have been ***,the lack of a systematic approach to analyzing the MFS as a whole has obscured the high diversity and versatility of these ***,we present a phylogenetic analysis of all annotated MFS domaincontaining proteins encoded in the Arab/dops/s fA?a//ana genome and propose that this superfamily of transporters consists of 218 members,clustered in 22 *** reviewing the available information regarding the diversity in biological functions and substrates of Arab/dops/s MFS members,we provide arguments for intensified research on these membrane transporters to unveil the breadth of their physiological relevance,disclose the molecular mechanisms underlying their mode of action,and explore their biotechnological potential.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana membrane transport MFS transporters phylogenetic analysis

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Literature review of the mechanisms of acute kidney injury secondary to acute liver injury

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World Journal of Nephrology 2022年第1期11卷 13-29页

作者： esther Platt Enriko Klootwijk Alan Salama Brian Davidson Francis Robertson Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College LondonLondon NW32QGUnited Kingdom Department of Renal Medicine University College LondonLondon NW32PFUnited Kingdom

People exposed to liver ischaemia reperfusion(IR)injury often develop acute kidney injury and the combination is associated with significant morbidity and *** mediators released by the liver in response to IR injury are the likely cause of acute kidney injury(AKI)in this setting,but the mediators have not yet been *** the mechanism of injury will allow the identification of therapeutic targets which may modulate both liver IR injury and AKI following liver IR injury.

关键词： Liver failure Liver transplantation Ischaemia-reperfusion injury Acute kidney injury Liver

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