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Small mammal diversity of Mt. Kenya based oncarnivore fecal and surface bone remains

Zoological Research 2019年第1期40卷 61-69页

作者： Ogeto Mwebi esther Nguta Veronica Onduso Ben Nyakundi Xue-Long Jiang esther N.kioko Osteology Section Department of Zoology National Museums of Kenya Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Sino-African Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences

Ecological dynamics and faunal diversity documentation is normally conducted by direct observation and trapping of live animals. However,surveys of carnivore scat prey and surface bone remains, which are relatively inexpensive, can provide complementary data that expand carnivore diet breadth and may improve accuracy regarding inferences of the ecological dynamics of a given ecosystem. We used this inexpensive method to document species diversity variation with elevation on the leeward(Sirimon) and windward(Chogoria)areas of Mt. Kenya. Bone and fecal specimens were opportunistically collected by walking 2 km in opposite directions from transect points selected at 200-m intervals along the elevational gradient of the study areas. We collected a total of 220 carnivore fecal and owl pellet specimens from both study sites, which were mainly deposited by the spotted hyena(Crocuta crocuta), leopard(Panthera pardus),serval(Leptailurus serval), genet(Genetta sp.), and Mackinder's Cape owl(Bubo capensis mackinderi).Serval scats were the most common, followed by those of the spotted hyena. Scats and bones were found at the lowest density at the lowest elevations,peaked at mid-higher elevations, and then declined at the highest elevations. Based on skeletal analysis only, there were more species in Sirimon(19) than in Chogoria(12). Small fauna(rodents to duiker size bovids) formed the bulk of the identified remains,representing 87.9% of the Sirimon fauna and 90.9% of the Chogoria fauna. The genus Otomys was the dominant prey of the owl and serval in both sites. Three giraffe teeth were found at 3 500 m a.s.l. in Chogoria on the edge of Lake El is, suggesting that it is an occasional visitor to such high elevations. This study underscores the value of fecal and bone surveys in understanding the diet and diversity of mammals in ecological ecosystems,but such surveys should be complemented with analysis of hairs found in scats to obtain a more complete list of carnivore prey at M

关键词： Ecological dynamics Faunal diversity Scats Pellets Mt.Kenya

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Diversity and distribution patterns of non-volant smallmammals along different elevation gradients on Mt. Kenya,Kenya

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Zoological Research 2019年第1期40卷 53-60页

作者： Simon Musila Zhong-Zheng Chen Quan Li Richard Yego Bin Zhang Kenneth Onditi Immaculate Muthoni Shui-Wang He Samson Omondi James Mathenge esther N.kioko Xue-Long Jiang Mammalogy Section Department of Zoology National Museums of Kenya Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resource College of Life Science Anhui Normal University Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Kenya Wildlife Service Mweiga Research Station

The distribution of small mammals in mountainous environments across different elevations can provide important information on the effects of climate change on the dispersal of species. However, few studies conducted on Afromontane ecosystems have compared the altitudinal patterns of small mammal diversity. We investigated the species diversity and abundance of non-volant small mammals(hereafter ‘small mammals')on Mt. Kenya, the second tallest mountain in Africa,using a standard sampling scheme. Nine sampling transects were established at intervals of 200 m on the eastern(Chogoria) and western(Sirimon) slopes.A total of 1 905 individuals representing 25 species of small mammals were trapped after 12 240 *** was highest at mid-elevations on both ***, species richness and their distribution patterns differed between the two slopes. More species were recorded on Chogoria(24) than on Sirimon(17). On Chogoria, species richness was higher at mid-high elevations, with a peak at mid-elevation(2 800 m a.s.l.),whereas species richness showed little variation on the Sirimon slope. These results indicate that patterns of species diversity can differ between slopes on the same mountain. In addition, we extensively reviewed literature on Mt. Kenya's mammals and compiled a comprehensive checklist of 76 mammalian species. However, additional research is required to improve our understanding of smal mammal diversity in mountain habitats in Africa.

关键词： Small mammals Species richness Abundance Elevation Mt.Kenya

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Insect Pollinator Diversity and Their Influence on Yield and Quality of <i>Capsicum annuum</i>Linné(Solanaceae), Machakos, Kenya

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第3期10卷 545-559页

作者： Eva Wanza Soli K. Onyambu Gladys N. kioko esther Zoology Department School of Biological Sciences College of Pure and Applied Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Juja Kenya Invertebrate Zoology Section Zoology Department National Museums of Kenya (NMK) Nairobi Kenya

Capsicum annuum (L.) yields have remained low due to poor quality fruits in developing countries such as Kenya, which could be attributed to inadequate insect pollination among other factors. The present study was conducted after the short and long rain seasons in 2018 to assess the diversity and abundance of insect pollinators of C. annuum and to determine their influence on yield. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with bagged and un-bagged pollination treatments. Insect pollinator assessment was conducted between 07:00 hours to 21:00 hours for one month during each season. Yield and quality were compared between the pollination treatments. During the entire study 13 insect pollinator species (3 orders, 7 families) were recorded onC. annuum flowers. Apis mellifera was the most abundant insect pollinator during the two seasons. The highest species diversity was recorded after the long rain season (H' = 1.85). With respect to time, species richness was the highest in the afternoon after the short rains and the highest in the morning after the long rains. The average yield parameters from both seasons showed that open pollination treatments had increased fruit weight (66.5%), seed weight (54.5%) fruit length (28%) and fruit diameter (30%) when compared to treatments bagged throughout. Findings from this study have shown that insect pollinator diversity varies seasonally and significantly influences the yield and quality of C. annuum. This calls for the need to practice sustainable agriculture so as to conserve insect pollinators of C. annuum

关键词： Insect Pollinators Diversity Capsicum annuum Yields Machakos Kenya

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Extraction of Natural Silk Fibre from Cocoons of Argema mimosae （Lepidoptera： Saturniidae）

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2015年第10期5卷 846-853页

作者： Boniface Mutua Ngoka Everlyn Kamene Nguku esther Ndaisi kioko Suresh Kumar Raina Jones Mulwa Mueke ICIPE--African lnsect Science for Food and Health P.O. Box 30772-00100 NairobL Kenya Department of Biological Sciences Kenyatta University P.O. Box 43844 Nairobi Kenya Zoology Department National Museums of Kenya P.O. Box 40658 Nairobi Kenya

In recent years, numerous actions for sustainable exploitation of forest resources have been undertaken, but few deal with commercialization of forest insects. Several tree based insect products, like wild silk, can be linked with forest conservation activities to provide livelihood services of different economic scales to forest dependent people. African wild silkmoth, Argema mimosae Boisduval, is one of the forest insects, a moth in the family of Saturniidae producing wild silk, but there is need for definite procedures for extracting silk fibre from its cocoons. This study evaluated physical characteristics of the A. mimosae cocoons and outlined a procedure to extract viable silk fibre for use in silk industry. Cocoons of the A. mimosae were collected from natural forest of Arabuko-Sokoke, Kenya （3020＇ S, 39055＇ E）, and others obtained by semi-captive rearing of the silkmoth larvae. The cocoons of A mimosae were described to be silvery in colour, tough and thick with distinctive perforations on the surface and a prominent valve-like opening with loose filaments at one end. The study recorded 120 min as the optimum boiling time for the cocoons to yield silvery brown silk floss using sodium carbonate （Na2CO3） as the degumming agent. Cocoons boiled in distilled water could not be deflossed into floss, but remained hard and intact, as compared with those of the control, Bombyx mori. This reveals that A. mimosae cocoons can be processed for natural silk fibre production and offer communities adjacent to forests an excellent opportunity to engage in production of natural wild silk.

关键词： African wild silkmoth A. mimosae cocoons silk fibre.

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Untangling key predictors of terrestrial mammal diversity patterns in Kenya: implications for protected areas management

Untangling key predictors of terrestrial mammal diversity pa...

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第十六届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会

作者： Kenneth Otieno Onditi Xueyou Li Wenyu Song Quan Li Simon Musila James Mathenge esther kioko Xuelong Jiang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Zoology National Museums of Kenya Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre Chinese Academy of Sciences

The global proliferation of protected areas(PAs) is an enduring means of combating biodiversity declines and was a commendable tool towards achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 11. Even so, the effectiveness of PAs in conserving biodiversity remains debated due to continued species declines and ecosystem degradations within them. It is increasingly recognized that merely designating new and expanding existing PAs does not guarantee the protection of critical ecosystems and species. Instead, their management must be effective for meaningful long-term conservational success and viability, integral to the success of the historic Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework goals and targets. Evaluating the effectiveness of biodiversity management tools such as PAs requires a good understanding of how institutional(such as PA governances and designations) and noninstitutional(such as abiotic [environmental and anthropogenic] factors) variables affect species diversity and distribution patterns and ecological-evolutionary opportunities, especially in biodiversity-rich countries such as Kenya. In this study, we coupled data on Kenya's terrestrial mammal occurrences, phylogenetic associations, functional traits, and abiotic factors to derive multiple taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity indices. We then inferred PAs' management effectiveness based on the diversity and distribution patterns, their association with governance and designation types, and with several abiotic factors using multivariate statistics and regression analysis. We found that nearly all terrestrial mammals in Kenya were represented in at least one PA(≈ 98%), although the range proportion overlapping in PAs was low. Spatial conservation prioritization analysis showed that a best-solution reserve system required significant expansion of current PAs to achieve a one-third coverage of focal species ranges. Among the diversity indices, species richness was weakly associated with the phylogenet

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Evaluating the impact of virtual reality on reducing restrictive practices in psychiatric wards

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2025年第2期15卷 268-273页

作者： Akpoveta Eguono Deborah Uchenna esther Okpete Haewon Byeon Department of Medical Centre Alex Ekwueme Federal UniversityNdufu-Alike Ikwo 1111Ebonyi StateNigeria Department of Digital Anti-aging Healthcare(BK21) Inje UniversityGimhae 50834South Korea

This manuscript critically evaluates the randomized controlled trial(RCT)conducted by Phiri et al,which assessed the effectiveness of virtual reality(VR)training for psychiatric staff in reducing restrictive practices(RPs).Specifically,this RCT investigated the impact of VR on the handling of aggressive patients by psychiatric staff compared to traditional training *** significant reductions in perceived discrimination in the VR group,there were no major improvements in self-efficacy or anxiety *** system usability scale rated the VR platform highly,but it did not consistently outperform traditional training ***,the study shows the potential for VR to reduce RPs,although fluctuations in RP rates suggest that external factors,such as staff turnover,influenced the *** manuscript evaluates the study’s methodology,results,and broader implications for mental health ***,it highlights the need for more comprehensive research to establish VR as a standard tool for psychiatric staff education,focusing on patient care outcomes and real-world ***,this study explores future research di-rections,technological improvements,and the potential impact of policies that could enhance the integration of VR in clinical training.

关键词： Virtual reality Restrictive practices Psychiatric wards De-escalation techniques Staff training Generalized anxiety disorder System usability scale Burnout prevention

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Agronomic treatments combined with embryo rescue for rapid generation advancement in tomato speed breeding

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2025年第1期11卷 239-250页

作者： esther Gimeno-Paez Jaime Prohens Maria Moreno-Cervero Ana de Luis-Margarit Maria Jose Diez Pietro Gramazio Escuela de Doctorado Universidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente MartirGuillem de Castro 9446001 ValenciaSpain Instituto de Conservaciony Mejora dela Agrodiversidad Valenciana Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaCamino de Vera 1446022 ValenciaSpain Departamento de Ciencias Experimentales y Matematicas Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias ExperimentalesUniversidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente MartirGuillem de Castro 9446001 ValenciaSpain

Unlike other major crops,little research has been performed on tomato to reduce the generation time for speed *** evaluated several agronomic treatments to reduce the generation time of tomato in the‘M82'(determinate)and‘Moneymaker'(indeterminate)varieties and evaluated the best combination in conjunction with embryo *** container sizes with volumes of 0.2 L(XS),0.45 L(S),0.8 L(M),1.3 L(L),and6 L(XL),were evaluated in the first experiment under the autumn *** found that plants grown in XL containers exhibited better development and required less time from sowing to anthesis(DSA)and from anthesis to fruit ripening(DAR).In the second experiment,using XL containers in the autumn-winter cycle,we evaluated the effects of cold priming at the cotyledonary stage,water stress,P supplementation,and K supplementation on generation *** to the control,we found that cold priming significantly reduced the number of leaves,plant height to first the inflorescence,and DSA(2.7 d),whereas K supplementation reduced the DAR(8.8 d).In contrast,water stress and P supplementation did not significantly affect any of the measured traits like DAR,DSA or fruit *** validate these data,in a third experiment with XL containers in the spring-summer cycle,the combination of cold priming and K supplementation was tested,confirming the significant effect of this combination on the reduction of generation time(2.9 d for DSA and 3.9 d for DAR)compared to the *** rescue during the cell expansion cycle(average of 22.0 d and 23.3 d after anthesis for‘M82'and‘Moneymaker',respectively)allowed the shortening of the generation time by 8.7 d in‘M82'and 11.6 d in‘Moneymaker'compared to the in planta fruit *** combination of agronomic treatments with embryo rescue can effectively increase the number of generations per year from three to four for speed breeding of tomato.

关键词： Solanum lycopersicum Generation time Speed breeding Container size Cold priming K supplementation Embryo rescue

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可言说的空间 esther Stam访谈录

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室内设计与装修 2025年第2期 101-103页

作者： esther Stam Studio Modijefsky

id+c:您在创办Studio Modijefsky的过程中经历了哪些个人成长和变化?esther Stam:创立Studio Modijefsky是一段让我深刻领悟勇敢尝试意义的旅程——既要大胆追逐梦想,也要坚定地信任自己的能力与直觉。这段经历充满了未知和挑战,但也让... 详细信息

id+c:您在创办Studio Modijefsky的过程中经历了哪些个人成长和变化?esther Stam:创立Studio Modijefsky是一段让我深刻领悟勇敢尝试意义的旅程——既要大胆追逐梦想,也要坚定地信任自己的能力与直觉。这段经历充满了未知和挑战,但也让我在每一次突破和坚持中获得了宝贵的成长经验和深刻的启发。这不仅是一段敢于冒险的过程,更是一个不断坚持梦想的过程。更重要的是,这段旅程让我深刻理解了设计的真正意义,学会了如何创造能够真正触动人心、引发共鸣的空间。

关键词：个人成长成长经验引发共鸣深刻领悟访谈录

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Predictors of Survival and Relapse among Children Diagnosed with Acute Leukemia in Northen Tanzania

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2025年第1期15卷 52-65页

作者： Arnold Likiliwike Yotham Gwanika Heronima Joas Aisa Shayo Linda Kissila esther Majaliwa Department of Pediatrics Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Kilimanjaro Tanzania Department of Oncology Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Kilimanjaro Tanzania Department of Pediatrics Bugando Medical Center Mwanza Tanzania Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute Kilimanjaro Tanzania

Background: Acute Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, with two main types: ALL and AML. In Tanzania, recent improvements in treatment and survival have been noted, but the latest data is from 2013. This study will update survival and relapse information from 2013 to 2020 to help enhance future treatment strategies. Methodology: This study was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in Tanzania. The study analyzed data from children diagnosed with Acute Leukemia between January 2015 to December 2020. Patient data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using STATA software. Results: This study included a total of 95 participants 64 had age less than 10 years and majority were males 56.8%, 55 had duration of symptoms for more than 1 month 66 had ALL, 49 had attained remission, the overall three years survival was 44.2% with those children with no health insurance having high risk of dying, rate of relapse was 18.4%, with those diagnosed with B-ALL having low risk of relapse. Conclusion: This study provides insights into survival and relapse predictors for childhood leukemia in northern Tanzania. It found an overall survival rate of 44.2%, with health insurance and minimal residual disease after induction being key predictors of survival. The relapse rate was 18.4%, with health insurance linked to a lower relapse risk. Health insurance emerged as a strong predictor of better survival, leading to the recommendation that all children should have health insurance. Additionally, the study suggests that policymakers should support the expansion of global health coverage in Tanzania.

关键词： Acute Leukemia Relapse Survival

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Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy:A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Rheumatology 2025年第2期12卷 1-11页

作者： Prosper Akankwasa Jackson Kakooza John Katongole esther Namutosi Catherine Lewis Emmanuel Okurut Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kampala International University Western CampusIshaka BushenyiUganda Department of Surgery Kampala International University Western CampusIshaka BushenyiUganda Department of Surgery St.Joseph's Kitovu HospitalMasakaUganda Department of Surgery Quillen College of MedicineEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN 37614United States

Antiphospholipid syndrome(APS)is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and is associated with thrombotic events and pregnancy *** classification and management of APS has evolved over *** classification criteria for APS include laboratory,macrovascular,microvascular,obstetric,cardiac,and hematologic *** focuses on prevention of thrombotic events and/or anticoagulation as the primary treatment for *** and long-term thromboprophylaxis after delivery are recommended to reduce the risk of thrombotic *** these recommendations,optimal anticoagulation agents and intensity of treatment are still topics of *** research is needed to understand the pathophysiology of APS and improve its management during *** this review,we discuss the classification and pathophysiology of *** treatment options and clinical trials are also discussed.

关键词： Antiphospholipid syndrome Pregnancy complications Thrombosis Anticoagulation Autoimmune disorder

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