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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia Coli and Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Meat and Fish Samples from Selected Markets in a Metropolis and District in Ghana

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第4期13卷 675-691页

作者： John Antwi Apenteng Nicholas Agyepong Raymond Ashalley Tetteh Jonathan Asante esther eyram asare yeboah Tracy Turkson Emmanuel Sarpong Vera Ampomabea Akoto Theodora Sefa Danquah Department of Pharmaceutical Science School of Pharmacy Central University Accra Ghana Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sunyani Technical University Sunyani Ghana Department of Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmacy Central University Accra Ghana Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana

Antimicrobial resistance has become a major challenge to the treatment and prevention of infections resulted in high morbidity and mortality globally. The inappropriate or abuse of antibiotics in animal farming is a key factor and thus led to the emergence of bacteria resistance and subsequent transfer of resistance genes to humans through the food chain. This study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from various meat and fish samples and their susceptibility patterns against five commonly used antibiotics in Ghana (Ciprofloxacin 5 μg, Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 20/10 μg, Imipenem 10 μg, Tetracycline 30 μg and Ceftazidime 30 μg). A total of 105 meat and fish samples were obtained from Tema and Prampram markets and bacteria isolation was carried out using appropriate selective microbial culture media and various biochemical methods for identification. The susceptibility patterns were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the results were interpreted using the CLSI 2020 guidelines. The results revealed a total of 56 bacterial isolates comprising 14 E. coli (25%) and 42 S. typhi (75%) isolated from the meat and fish samples. The antibiogram study showed a high resistance rate (88.64%) of S. typhi isolates to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and tetracycline (97.73%). A moderate susceptibility of the isolates was obtained with imipenem (53.27%). All the E. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline (100%) and demonstrated 78.57% and 50% resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ceftazidime respectively. A total of 78.57% of the E. coli isolates and 68.18% of S. typhi isolates showed multidrug resistance. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index for all the isolates ranged from 0.2 to 1.00 with two S. typhi isolates and one E. coli isolate having a MAR index of 1.00 signifying total resistance to all the 5 antibiotics tested. In conclusion, E. coli and S. typhi isolated from

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance Escherichia coli Salmonella typhi Meat Fish

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Detection of Low-Risk and High-Risk Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus in Archived Tissues from ENT Tumors in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第9期11卷 171-180页

作者： Ali Kandé Maïmouna Ilboudo Djénéba Ouermi Ina Marie Angèle Traore Abdoul Karim Ouattara Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon esther Mah Alima Traore Florencia W. Djigma Dorcas Obiri-yeboah Henriette Poaty Yvette Marie Chantal Gyebre Olga M. Lompo Charlemagne MR Ouedraogo Jacques Simpore Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire et de génétique (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University Post Office Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is classified into high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and HPV (LR-HPV) according to their oncogenic potential. These viruses can be found in the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus and in the ENT sphere. HPV ENT infections can lead to benign or malignant tumors in which we could find both LR-HPV and HR-HPV genotypes. The objective of this study was to investigate the genotypes of HR-HPV and LR-HPV in archived tissue samples derived from both benign and malignant tumors of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. One hundred and twenty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archived tissues of the ENT sphere from 26 benign tumors and 94 malignant tumors were included. The tissues were first deparaffinized with xylem. The extracted DNA was used to test for high-risk and low-risk HPV by Real-Time Multiplex PCR. HPV DNA was found in 57.7% (15/26) of benign tumors and 43.61% (41/94) of malignant tumors. The prevalence of HPV infection was 46.67% (56/120) in all tumors combined. The most common HPV genotypes found were HPV 11 (34.28%), HPV 6 (30%), HPV56 (14.28%) and HPV 33 (8.57%). There were 21.43% (12/56) cases of genotypes co-infections with 10 cases of double infection and 2 cases of triple infection. Both low-risk and high-risk HPV are found in ENT tumors with relatively high HPV prevalence.

关键词： HPV Archived Tissues ENT Tumor Burkina Faso

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Evaluation of Potential Cashew Clones for Utilization in Ghana

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2014年第4期4卷 232-239页

作者： Abu Mustapha Dadzie Paul Kwesi Krah Adu-Gyamfi Stephen Yaw Opoku Julius yeboah Abraham Akpertey Kwabena Opoku-Ameyaw Michael Assuah esther Gyedu-Akoto Wiseborn Bismark Danquah Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG) Tafo-Akim Ghana Department of Plant Pathology University of California Davis USA

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L) is an important cash crop cultivated by about 3 million households in Africa and serves as the livelihood for many African farmers, especially Ghana. Despite the importance of cashew as a commodity crop with increasing cultivation in Northern Ghana, the crop is challenged with problems such as, low and variable nut yields, low kernel out turn percentage and susceptibility to insect pests as a result of establishing cashew farms with unselected seeds. In order to address the challenges, the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana established a clonal evaluation trial in Northern Ghana (dry savanna vegetation) to indentify promising clones for subsequent distribution to cashew farmers as an interim measure. The trials consisted of ten different clones planted in Randomised Completed Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. Parameters evaluated were yield, yield efficiency, nut weight, percentage out turn and canopy area. Data analysis was performed with Gen Stat version 11.0 and the results revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the performance of the clones in all the parameters considered. Such differences allowed the identification of promising clones over other clones tested. A few clones combined two or three traits (parameters) which were significantly different from the rest of the clones evaluated. No single clone was found to be significantly different from the rest in terms of all the parameters considered. However a greater proportion of the clones were found to produce yields far above average yields recorded by unselected cashew trees in farmers’ fields. Clones W266 and W278 seem outstanding for most of the parameters considered, though not exclusive.

关键词： Cashew Clone Yield Kernel and Efficiency

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Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Precancerous Cervical Lesions in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第4期6卷 196-204页

作者： Charlemagne Ouédraogo Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon esther M. A. Traoré Souleymane Ouattara Prosper Bado Clarisse T. Ouedraogo Florencia W. Djigma Djénéba Ouermi Dorcas Obiri-yeboah Olga Lompo Simon A. Akpona Jacques Simpore Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso UFR/SDS University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE) University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougo Burkina Faso Teaching and Research Unit in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Republic of Benin Faculty of Medicine Université Saint Thomas d’Aquin Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University of Cape Coast School of Medical Sciences Microbiology Department University Post Office Cape Coast Ghana Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (CHU/YO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Aims: We aimed at identifying the high-risk HPV genotypes associated with high-grade dysplastic cervical lesions in Burkina Faso. The available vaccines to Burkina Faso only protect against two high risk HPV genotypes: HPV 16 and 18. Are the genotypes identified in the high-grade precan-cerous lesions in this survey covered by the available vaccines? Methods: The detection and genotyping of high-risk HPV have been conducted based on 118 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded archived tissues using the “HPV Genotypes 14 Real-TM Quant” (Sacace biotechnologies®, Italy) kit allowing for the detection of fourteen high-risk HPV genotypes: HPV 16, 31, 18, 39, 45, 59, 33, 35, 56, 68, 51, 52, 58 and 66. Results: The prevalence of high-risk HPV infections was 48.8% based on the appropriate PCR results (21/43). The most common HPV genotypes were HPV 39 (21.7%), HPV 35 (13.0%) and HPV 45 (13.0%). Two cases of multiple infections between HPV 39 - 45 and HPV 39 - 59 have been observed. HPV 16 was not detected in this study. Conclusions: We noted a high prevalence rate for HPV 39, HPV 35 and HPV 45, which are not covered by the commercial vaccines. We also found that the prevalence of HPV 18 was very low in this study and HPV 16 was not detected.

关键词： HPV Cancer CIN Cervix Burkina Faso

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Association between Polymorphisms of Glutathione S-Transferase and Progression to Cervical Cancer in Women from Burkina Faso and Mali

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第4期8卷 12-25页

作者： Teega-Wendé Clarisse Ouedraogo Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon Boureima Idani Abdoul Karim Ouattara Pegdwendé Abel Sorgho Dorcas Obiri-yeboah Prosper Bado Mah Alima esther Traore Birama Diarra Albert Théophane Yonli Charlemagne Ouedraogo Jacques Simpore Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE) University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University Saint Thomas d’Aquin Faculty of Medicine Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast PMB Cape Coast Ghana University Joseph Ki-Zerbo UFR/SDS Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Although persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection is the main risk factor, Glutathione S-Transferase highly polymorphic enzyme involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, is a good candidate gene. The objective of this study was to compare the polymorphisms of Glutathione S-Transferase M1-null in women with cancerous lesions and without lesions. This study consisted of 322 uterine cervix samples of women from Mali and Burkina Faso with Cervical Intra-epithelial Neoplasia 2 and 3, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and 100 women with no lesions. Human Papillomavirus genotyping was performed by Real-time multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. Glutathione S-Transferase gene polymorphisms were determined using conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction followed by migration on agarose gel. A statistically significant association with high relative risks of 10.77 for the development of High grade Superficial or Squamous Intra-epithelial Lesion (95% CI = 5.59 - 20.72;p < 0.001), and 13.20 for cancer development (95% CI = 6.79 - 25.63;p < 0.001) was found in women with the null genotype of Glutathione S-Transferase M1 in the study population. In Burkina Faso and Mali, Glutathione S-Transferase M1-null presented relative risks of 9 and 11.05 for high-grade lesions, 15 and 11.40 for cancer. Similarly, significant results had been observed in women with human papillomavirus positive and human papillomavirus negative. The results of the present study support the idea that the deletion of Glutathione S-Transferase M1 plays a crucial role in the progression of high-grade lesions and cervical cancer.

关键词： Glutathione S-Transferase M1-Null Cervical Cancer Burkina Faso Mali

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