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Research on the Impact of International Trade on Economic Growth in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Research on the Impact of International Trade on Economic Gr...

作者： Mwange Sagali esther 浙江科技学院

学位级别：硕士

国际贸易对国家经济增长有着重要的影响,本论文以2001-2020年数据为基础分析刚果民主共和国国际贸易和经济增长指标的关键变量和组成部分,例如国内生产总值、进口、出口、外国直接投资(FDI)、汇率等。采用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)方法发现... 详细信息

国际贸易对国家经济增长有着重要的影响,本论文以2001-2020年数据为基础分析刚果民主共和国国际贸易和经济增长指标的关键变量和组成部分,例如国内生产总值、进口、出口、外国直接投资(FDI)、汇率等。采用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)方法发现国际贸易(出口和进口)从长期来看促进了刚果民主共和国的经济增长,但在短期内阻碍了发展。资本存量、人口增长和通货膨胀都被发现在短期和长期内对GDP(经济增长)产生积极影响。相比之下,外国直接投资被发现对GDP增长产生负面影响。通过数据研究,本论文认为需将外国资金直接流入到刚果民主共和国的初级部门(农业)和工业部门,而不是矿产开采和其他服务部门。政府应加强当地生产企业在出口前为原材料增值。此外,应鼓励国内消费者光顾本地制造的商品和服务。这可以通过组织农村贸易展览会和展览来实现,将刚果民主共和国制造的商品带到千家万户。

关键词：国际贸易经济增长贸易开放度 GDP 刚果民主共和国

Understanding and managing the morphology of branches incising into sand-clay deposits in the Dutch Rhine Delta

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第2期28卷 127-138页

作者： Kees SLoFF(C.J.) Ary VAN SPIJK esther SToUTHAMER Arjan SIEBEN Deltares and Delft University of Technology PO Box 1772600MH Delftthe Netherlands Assis.Prof. Water management Rijkswaterstaat Zuid HollandPO Box 5563000 AN Rotterdamthe Netherlands Senior Advisor Utrecht University Faculty of GeosciencesPO Box 801153508 TCUtrechtthe Netherlands AssisProf. Water management Rijkswaterstaat Center for Water ManagementPO Box 178200 AA Lelystadthe Netherlands Senior Advisor

In the Rhine-Meuse delta in the south-western part of the Netherlands,the morphology of the river branches is highly dependent on the erodibility of the *** processes that were initiated after closure of the Haringvliet estuary branch by a dam(in 1970),caused a strong incision of several connecting *** to the geological evolution of this area the lithology of the subsoil shows large variations in highly erodible sand and poorly erodible peat and clay *** study shows how the geological information can be used to create 3D maps of the erodibility of the sub-soil, and how this information can be used to schematize the sub-soil in computational models for morphological *** incisement of sand patches between areas with poorly erodible bed causes deep scour holes,hence increasing the risk on river-bank instability(flow slides) and damage to constructions such as groynes,quays,tunnels, and *** types of mathematical models,ranging from 1D(SoBEK) to quasi-3D(Delft3D) have been applied to study the future development of the river bed and possible management *** results of these approaches demonstrate that models require inclusion of a layer-bookkeeping approach for sub-soil schematization, non-uniform sediment fractions(sand-mud),tidal and river-discharge boundary conditions,and capacity-reduction transport *** risk-reducing river management it has been shown how the development of the river bed can be addressed on a large scale and small *** instance,the use of sediment feeding and fixation of bed can be proposed for large-scale management,while monitoring and interventions at initiation of erosion can be proposed as response to small-scale developments that exceed predefined intervention levels.

关键词： River morphological modeling River-bed erodibility River management Erosion Bed stratigraphy Bank and dike stability Mathematical model

Peripheral nerve regeneration through nerve conduits evokes differential expression of growth-associated protein-43 in the spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1852-1856页

作者： Jesús Chato-Astrain olga Roda David Sánchez-Porras esther Miralles Miguel Alaminos Fernando Campos Óscar Darío García-García Víctor Carriel Department of Histology(Tissue Engineering Group) University of GranadaInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology University of GranadaGranadaSpain Unit of Clinical Neurophysiology University Hospital San CecilioGranadaSpain

Growth-associated protein 43 plays a key role in neurite outgrowth through cytoskeleton *** have previously demonstrated that structural damage of peripheral nerves induces growth-associated protein 43 upregulation to promote growth cone ***,the limited regenerative capacity of the central nervous system due to an inhibitory environment prevents major changes in neurite outgrowth and should be presumably associated with low levels of growth-associated protein 43 ***,central alterations due to peripheral nerve damage have never been assessed using the growthassociated protein 43 *** this study,we used the tubulization technique to repair 1 cm-long nerve gaps in the rat nerve injury/repair model and detected growth-associated protein 43 expression in the peripheral and central nervous ***,histological analysis of the regeneration process confirmed an active regeneration process of the nerve gaps through the conduit from 10 days *** growth-associated protein 43 expression profile varied across regions and follow-up times,from a localized expression to an abundant and consistent expression throughout the regeneration tissue,confirming the presence of an active nerve regeneration ***,spinal cord changes were also histologically assessed,and no apparent changes in the structural and cellular organization were observed using routine staining ***,remarkable differences and local changes appeared in growth-associated protein 43 expression at the spinal cord level,in particular at 20 days post-repair and ***-associated protein 43 protein was first localized in the gracile fasciculus and was homogeneously distributed in the left posterior *** findings differed from the growth-associated protein 43 pattern observed in the healthy control,which did not express growth-associated protein 43 at these *** results revealed a differential expression in growth-associate

关键词： growth-associated protein 43(GAP-43) immunohistochemistry nerve guide nerve tissue regeneration peripheral nerve repair spinal cord tissue engineering

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A single dose of caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents initiation in a medium-term rat hepatocarcinogenesis model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第42期12卷 6779-6785页

作者： Claudia esther Carrasco-Legleu Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez Lucrecia Márquez-Rosado Samia Fattel-Fazenda Evelia Arce-Popoca Sergio Hernández-García Saúl Villa-Trevio Departamento de Biología Celular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav). Ave. IPN #2508. Col. San Pedro Zacatenco C.P. 07360 México D.F. México Instituto Nacional de Cancerología San Fernando No. 22 C.P.14080 México D.F. México

AIM： To study of the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester （CAPE） on the initiation period in a medium-term assay of hepatocarcinogenesis. METHoDS： Male Wistar rats were subjected to a carcinogenic treatment （CT） and sacrificed at 25^th d; altered hepatic foci （AHF） were generated efficiently. To a second group of rats a single 20 mg/kg doses of CAPE was given 12 h before initiation with CT and were sacrificed at 25^th d. We evaluated the expression of preneoplastic markers as Y-glutamyltranspeptidase （GGT） and glutathione S-transferase type pi protein （GSTp） by histochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. We measured thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） in homogenates of liver and used Unscheduled DNA Synthesis （UDS） assay by incorporation of [^3H] thymidine （^3HdT） in primary hepatocyte cultures （PHC）. RESULTS： At 25^th d after CT CAPE reduced the observed increase of GGT^＋AHF by 84% and liver expression ofggt mRNA by 100%. In case of the GSTp protein, the level was reduced by 90%. As indicative of oxidative stress generated by diethylnitrosamine （DEN） 12 h after its administration, we detected a 68% increase of TBARS. When CAPE was administered before DEN, it completely protected from liver TBARS induction. To have an indication of the sole effect of CAPE on initiation, two carcinogens were tested in a UDS assay in PHC, we used methyl-n-nitrosoguanidine as a direct carcinogen and DEN, as indirect carcinogen. In this assay, genotoxic damage caused by carcinogens was abolished at 5μM CAPE concentration. CoNCLUSIoN： our results demonstrated that CAPE possesses anti-genotoxic and antineoplastic capabilities, by an anti-oxidative and free-radical scavenging mechanism.

关键词： Caffeic acid phenethyl ester Antioxidant Hepatocarcinogenesis Initiation

INF-γ and IL-2 Profile as Therapeutic Markers in Tuberculosis Patients at the Jamot Hospital of Yaounde-Cameroon

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第2期12卷 119-128页

作者： Alexandra Emmanuelle Membangbi Jacky Njiki-Bikoï esther Del-Florence Moni Ndedi Donatien Serge Mbaga Elsa Nguiffo Makue André Chris Mikangue Mbongue Koko-Ta Ladiff Sharonne Martha Mesembe Justin olivier Essindi Aïcha Ngoutane Arnaud Franck Elang Sabine Aimée Touangnou-Chamda George Ikomey Mondinde Eric Walter Perfura-Yone Marie Joseph Nkodo Mindimi Sara Honorine Riwom Essama Department of Microbiology The University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD) Yaound Cameroon The Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies Yaound Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon The Pneumology Department Jamot Hospital of Yaound Yaound Cameroon

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top lethal infectious diseases worldwide. In recent years, interferon-γ (INF-γ) release assays (IGRAs) have been established as routine tests for diagnosing TB infection. However, produced INF-γ assessment cannot permit to distinguish active ATB from latent TB infection (LTBI), especially in TB epidemic areas. In addition to IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), secreted by activated T cells, is involved in immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This could be involved in the follow up of treatment response. The aim of our study was to determine IFN-γ and IL2 cytokines profiles of patients under antituberculosis treatment. Materials and Methods: A six months’ cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jamot Hospital of Yaoundé, from May to August 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical data as well as 5 mL of blood were collected from each participant. INF-γ and IL-2 were determined using indirect Enzyme linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and spectrum exam in combination with radiography and GeneXpert were used as standard. P-values Results: The results showed that men were more infected 14/61 (31.8%) with a high presence in active and resistant TB groups. The mean age was 41.3 ± 13.1 years with a 95% CI = [38.2 - 44.7], the age group with the highest infection rate was ranged between 31 and 40 years. The IL-2 and INF-γ means were respectively 327.6 ± 160.6 pg/mL and 26.6 ± 13.0 pg/mL in ATB patients, 251.1 ± 30.9 pg/mL and 21.4 ± 9.2 pg/mL in patients with resistant tuberculosis, while it was 149.3 ± 93.3 pg/mL and 17.9 ± 9.4 pg/mL in cured patients, 15.1 ± 8.4 pg/mL and 5.3 ± 2.6 pg/mL in participants presumed healthy (p γ and IL-2rates were observed between the different groups. Conclusion: Monitoring the serum levels of INF-γ and IL-2 would be useful for the follow-up of anti-tuberculosis patients, particularly in the both cytokines association case.

关键词： Tuberculosis Antituberculosis Treatment INF-γ IL-2 ELISA

A novel surface mesh deformation method for handling wing-fuselage intersections

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第1期30卷 264-273页

作者： Mario Jaime Martin-Burgos Daniel González-Juárez esther Andrés-Pérez Fluid Dynamics Branch National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA) Ctra. De Ajalvir km. 4.5 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz Spain Engineering Department lngenieria de Sistemas para la Defensa de Espana (ISDEFE-INTA) Ctra. De Ajalvir km. 4.5 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz Spain Technical University of Madrid (UPM) Ronda de Valencia 3 28012 Madrid Spain

This paper describes a method for mesh adaptation in the presence of intersections, such as wing-fuselage. Automatic optimization tools, using Computational Fluid Dynamics（CFD） simulations, face the problem to adapt the computational grid upon deformations of the boundary surface. When mesh regeneration is not feasible, due to the high cost to build up the computational grid, mesh deformation techniques are considered a cheap approach to adapt the mesh to changes on the geometry. Mesh adaptation is a well-known subject in the literature; however, there is very little work which deals with moving intersections. Without a proper treatment of the intersections,the use of automatic optimization methods for aircraft design is limited to individual *** proposed method takes advantage of the CAD description, which usually comes in the form of Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines（NURBS） patches. This paper describes an algorithm to recalculate the intersection line between two parametric surfaces. Then, the surface mesh is adapted to the moving intersection in parametric coordinates. Finally, the deformation is propagated through the volumetric mesh. The proposed method is tested with the DLR F6 wing-body configuration.

关键词： Aerodynamic shape optimization Computational fluid dynamics Computer-assisted design Geometry parameterizationMesh deformation Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines

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Pregnancy Preferences in Females of Reproductive Age with Sickle Cell Disease at Laquintinie Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

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open Journal of obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第5期14卷 744-757页

作者： Eposse Ekoube Charlotte Jeannette Disso Massako Mangala Fulbert Nkwele Mandeng Ma Linwa Edgar Puepi Djike Yolande Merlin Boten Bounyom Erero F. Njiengwe Épée Patricia Hassanatou Iyawa Dora Mbonjo Bitsie Emmanuel Heles Nsang Soumaiyatou Abba Ngo Linwa esther Eleonore Ndolo Kondo Astrid Grâce Tocki Toutou Moustapha Bilkissou Essome Henri Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Paediatric Unit Douala Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Introduction: Females with sickle cell disease (SCD), despite having a delayed pubertal development, are subject to many worries relating to their abilities to conceive, their capacity to maintain a maternofetal-risk-free pregnancy till term and give birth to healthy children without sickle cell disease. Knowing that unplanned pregnancies are more likely to increase maternofetal morbidity and mortality, we sought out to explore the pregnancy preferences in female patients with sickle cell disease to promote healthy conception and childbirth in this vulnerable population. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving female patients of child-bearing age with sickle cell disease followed at Laquintinie Hospital Douala or who were members of a local sickle cell association. Pregnancy preferences were determined using the Desire to Avoid Pregnancy (DAP) scale. Factors associated with pregnancy preferences were determined using multivariable linear regression model. Threshold for significance was set at p Results: Seventy-seven patients were included with a mean age of 24.71 ± 5.53 years. Forty patients (51.95%) had one sexual partner and thirteen women (32.5%) used contraceptive methods. Most patients (46.0%) responded “Strongly Agree” or “Agree” to the statement “it would be a good thing for me if I became pregnant in the next 3 months”. The mean DAP score was 1.63 ± 0.91 [1.28 ± 0.82 in those who had a sexual partner and 1.99 ± 0.86 in those who had no sexual partner]. Factors that were positively associated with DAP score were students (b = 0.32, 95% CI [0.21, 0.95], p = 0.003), monthly income ≥ 100,000 FCFA (b = 0.24, 95% CI [0.07, 0.81], p = 0.022), and not having a sexual partner (b = 0.26, 95% CI [0.11, 0.85], p = 0.012). Conclusion: Most female patients with SCD have a low desire to avoid pregnancy. This is especially true for patients who are not students, have a partner and have a low monthly income.

关键词： Pregnancy Preferences Sickle Cell Disease Laquintinie Hospital Cameroun

Trade-offs between ecosystem service provision and the predisposition to disturbances: a NFI-based scenario analysis

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 349-365页

作者： Christian Temperli Clemens Blattert Golo Stadelmann Urs-Beat Brändli esther Thürig Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL8903BirmensdorfSwitzerland University of Jyväskylä FI-40014JyväskyläFinland

Background: Scenario analyses that evaluate management effects on the long-term provision and sustainability of forest ecosystem services and biodiversity(ESB) also need to account for disturbances. The objectives of this study were to reveal potential trade-offs and synergies between ESB provision and disturbance predisposition at the scale of a whole ***: The empirical scenario model MASSIMo was used to simulate forest development and management from years 2016 to 2106 on 5086 sample plots of the Swiss National Forest Inventory(NFI). We included a businessas-usual(BAU) scenario and four scenarios of increased timber harvesting. Model output was evaluated with indicators for 1) ESB provision including a) timber production, b) old-growth forest characteristics as biodiversity proxies and c) protection against rockfall and avalanches and 2) for a) storm and b) bark beetle ***: The predisposition indicators corresponded well(AUC: 0.71–0.86) to storm and insect(mostly bark beetle)damage observations in logistic regression models. Increased timber production was generally accompanied with decreased predisposition(storm: >-11%, beetle: >-37%, depending on region and scenario), except for a scenario that promoted conifers where beetle predisposition increased(e.g. + 61% in the Southern Alps). Decreased disturbance predisposition and decreases in old-growth forest indicators in scenarios of increased timber production revealed a trade-off situation. In contrast, growing stock increased under BAU management along with a reduction in conifer proportions, resulting in a reduction of beetle predisposition that in turn was accompanied by increasing old-growth forest indicators. Disturbance predisposition was elevated in NFI plots with high avalanche and rockfall protection ***: By evaluating ESB and disturbance predisposition based on single-tree data at a national scale we bridged a gap between detailed, stand-scale assessments and

关键词： Disturbance Ecosystem services Empirical model Forest inventory Scenario analysis

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Photosynthetic Regulation of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Thioredoxin System and Functional Analysis of TrxB （Trx x） and TrxQ （Trx y） Thioredoxins

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Molecular Plant 2009年第2期2卷 270-283页

作者： M. esther Perez-Perez Eugenio Martin-Figueroa Francisco J. Florencio Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC Avda Americo Vespucio 49 41092-Sevilla Spain

The expression of the genes encoding the ferredoxin-thioredoxin system including the ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase （FTR） genes ftrC and ftrV and the four different thioredoxin genes trxA （m-type; sir0623）, trxB （x-type; sir1139）, trxC （sll1057） and trxQ （y-type; sir0233） of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has been studied according to changes in the photosynthetic conditions. Experiments of light-dark transition indicate that the expression of all these genes except trxQ decreases in the dark in the absence of glucose in the growth medium. The use of two electron transport inhibitors, 3-（3,4-dichlorophenyl）-1,1-dimethylurea （DCMU） and 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p- benzoquinone （DBMIB）, reveals a differential effect on thioredoxin genes expression being trxC and trxQ almost unaffected, whereas trxA, trxB, and the ftr genes are down-regulated. In the presence of glucose, DCMU does not affect gene expression but DBMIB still does. Analysis of the single TrxB or TrxQ and the double TrxB TrxQ Synechocystis mutant strains reveal different functions for each of these thioredoxins under different growth conditions. Finally, a Synechocystis strain was generated containing a mutated version of TrxB （TrxBC34S）, which was used to identify the potential in-vivo targets of this thioredoxin by a proteomic analysis.

关键词： Cyanobacteria photosynthetic electron transport Synechocystis oxidative stress thioredoxin.