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Habitat productivity and pyrethroid susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 921-930页

作者： Leah Mathias Vito Baraka Anitha Philbert ester innocent Filbert Francis Gamba N.kwengulila Eliningaya J.Kweka Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation College of Natural and Applied SciencesUniversity of Dar es SalaamP.O.Box 35165Dar es SalaamTanzania National Institute for Medical Research Tanga Medical Research CentreP.O.Box 5004Tanga UrbanTangaTanzania Global Health Institute University of AntwerpGouverneur KinsbergencentrumDoornstraat 331B-2610WilrijkBelgium Mkwawa University College of Education Private BagIringaTanzania Institute of Traditional Medicine Muhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesP.O.Box 65001Dar es SalaamTanzania Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology Catholic University of Health and Allied SciencesP.O.Box 1464MwanzaTanzania Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control Tropical Pesticides Research InstituteNgaramtoniOff Nairobi RoadP.O.Box 3024ArushaTanzania

Background:Aedes aegypti(Diptera:Culicidae)is the main vector of the dengue virus *** vector control is mainly based on reducing the vector population through interventions,which target potential breeding ***,in Tanzania,little is known about this vector’s habitat productivity and insecticide susceptibility status to support evidence-based implementation of control *** present study aimed at assessing the productivity and susceptibility status of *** mosquitoes to pyrethroid-based insecticides in Dar es Salaam,***:An entomological assessment was conducted between January and July 2015 in six randomly selected wards in Dar es Salaam,*** productivity was determined by the number of female adult *** mosquitoes emerged per square *** susceptibility status of adult *** females after exposure to 0.05%deltamethrin,0.75%permethrin and 0.05%lambda-cyhalothrin was evaluated using the standard WHO *** rates were recorded after 24 h exposure and the knockdown effect was recorded at the time points of 10,15,20,30,40,50 and 60 min to calculate the median knockdown times(KDT50 and KDT95).Results:The results suggest that disposed tyres had the highest productivity,while water storage tanks had the lowest productivity among the breeding habitats Of *** *** sites demonstrated reduced susceptibility to deltamethrin(0.05%)within 24 h post exposure,with mortalities ranging from 86.3±1.9(mean±SD)to 96.8±0.9(mean±SD).The lowest and highest susceptibilities were recorded in Mikocheni and Sinza wards,***,all sites demonstrated reduced susceptibility permethrin(0.75%)ranging from 83.1±2.1%(mean±SD)to 96.2±0.9%(mean±SD),in Kipawa and Sinza,*** low mortality rates were observed in relation to lambda-cyhalothrin(0.05%)at all sites,ranging from 83.1±0.7(mean±SD)to 86.3±1.4(mean±SD).The median KDT_(50)for deltamethrin,permethrin and lambda-cyhalo

关键词： Culicidae Aedes aegypti Abundance Productivity Pyrethroid Knockdown effect Dar es Salaam Tanzania

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Effect of Geographical location on yield and chemical composition of essential oils from three Eucalyptus species growing in Tanzania

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Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines 2019年第1期14卷 1-12页

作者： Ismail Almas ester innocent Francis Machumi William Kisinza Institute of Traditional Medicine Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences P. O. Box 65001 Dares Salaam Tanzania National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) Amani Research Centre P. O. Box 81 Muheza Tanzania

Chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) is dependent on the plant species and varieties, and within the same variety, from geographical region. Knowledge of the factors that determine the chemical variability and yield for each species are very important in particular for commercially important species, to optimize the conditions that may affect yields and quality of essential oils. In addition to the commercial importance of the variability in yield and composition, the possible changes are also important when the essential oils and volatiles are used as chemotaxonomic tools. Therefore it is important to characterize essential oils native to Tanzania for commercial and therapeutic purpose. In the present study we investigated the variation in the yield and chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from air dried leaves of three Eucalyptus species namely Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus citriodora and Eucalyptus camaldulensis collected from two different regions of Tanzania namely Morogoro and Lushoto. The steam-distilled essential oil content of E. saligna, E. citriodora and E. camaldulensis Morogoro were 0.6%(v/w), 1.68%(v/w) and 0.80%(v/w) respectively while from Lushoto are 0.30%, 1.22 and 0.36%(v/w) respectively. Using GC/MS,α-pinene (46.72%) and p-cymene (43.61%) were identified as the most abundant chemical constituents of E. saligna from Morogoro and Lushoto respectively. Citronellal (82.24% and 60.41% respectively) is the main constituents of E. citriodora from Morogoro and Lushoto respectively while p-cymene (52.59% and 64.02%) is the main constituents of E. camaldulensis.

关键词： E. saligna E. camaldulensis E. citriodora chemical composition geographical locations

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Proximate analyses,in vitro antioxidant activity and GC-MS analyses of fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds

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Life Research 2024年第3期7卷 2-8页

作者： Ikechukwu Okoro Parker Joshua innocent Okagu Christian Amah Nnamani Ikenna Nene Chiaka-Onyemeze Emeka Anaduaka David Obasi Prince Okoroh Daniel Orieke Victor Ogugua Department of Medical Biochemistry College of Health SciencesDavid Umahi Federal University of Health SciencesUburuNigeria Department of Biochemistry University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Department of Biochemistry State University of Medical and Applied SciencesIgbo-EnoNigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences State University of Medical and Applied SciencesIgbo-EnoNigeria

The present study assessed the proximate composition,in vitro antioxidant activity and GC-MS analyses of fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds extract(FPMSE).The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl(DPPH)while Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry(GC-MS)technique was used to identify the volatile compounds in *** revealed a dose dependent percentage inhibition of the extract on DPPH *** composition of FPMSE constitutes respectively;ash(0.33±0.12%),protein(2.19±0.08%),fats and oil(80.60±0.00%),carbohydrate(16.88±0.00%)while moisture and fibre were not ***,the pulverised sample constitute respectively;ash(1.27±0.58%),protein(10.51±0.60%),moisture(8.27±0.12%),fats and oil(32.33±0.12%),fibre(7.27±0.12%)and carbohydrate(40.35±0.00%).GC-MS analyses revealed fourteen(14)fatty acids including Octadecanoic acid(1.95%),Benzyloxymethylimine(43.89%),2-Allylpent-4-enoic acid benzyl ester(26.25%),Hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester(1.09%),Oleic Acid(0.25%),9,12-Octadecadienoic acid,methyl ester(Omega-6-fatty acid)(1.52%).The bioactive compounds identified in FPMSE could contribute to the pharmacological properties of *** seeds and hence,could be of considerable interest for the development of new drugs.

关键词： Pentaclethra macrophylla in vitro antioxidant GC-MS fatty acids

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