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Effects of Chemical Products on Fire Blight suppression,and Fruit Production and Quality in Apple(Malus domestica Borkh.)cv.Golden Glory

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第7期91卷 1341-1351页

作者： Álvaro Rodríguez-Peña Ana C.Gonzalez-Franco Jared Hernández-Huerta Nora A.salas-salazar Dámaris L.Ojeda-Barrios esteban sánchez Loreto Robles-Hernández Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas Universidad Autónoma de ChihuahuaPascual OrozcoChihuahua31350México Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo A.C. DeliciasChihuahua33089México

Antibiotics are widely used in fire blight management programs,yet there are no studies that demonstrate the evaluation of their efficacy in Mexico.Therefore,the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of the active ingredients in five commercial products(Kasumin■2L,Agrygent Plus■,Agricultural Terramycin■,Agrimicin100,and Actigard■)on fire blight suppression,and fruit yield and quality of apple(Malus domestica Borkh.)cv.Golden Glory.The experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard using a completely randomized block design,with six treatments:(1)Oxytetracycline[Ox],110 mg L^(−1);(2)Kasugamycin[Kas],4.7 mL L^(−1);(3)Oxytetracycline+Gentamicin[Ox+Gen],48 mg L^(−1)+12 mg L^(−1);(4)streptomycin+Oxytetracycline[str+Ox],90 mg L^(−1)+9 mg L^(−1);(5)Acibenzolar-s-methyl[AsM],70 mg L^(−1);and(6)Control,only water,with four replications,and three 11-year-old trees as an experimental unit.Variables of infection including flowers,shoots and fruits,yield and fruit quality were evaluated.All treatments suppressed infection in flowers,shoots,and fruits.AsM provided the highest levels of reduction of flower and shoot infection,while Kas had the least effect on the reduction of infection in these variables.The Ox+Gen treatment had the greatest suppression of fruit infection,and the best results on fruit yield and quality,followed by Ox and AsM.This is the first study conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the active ingredients of five commercial products used for the management of fire blight in apple trees in Mexico.

关键词： Erwinia amylovora oxytetracycline gentamicin kasugamycin streptomycin Acibenzolar-s-methyl

Can Improve Iron Biofortification Antioxidant Response,Yield and Nutritional Quality in Green Bean?

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Agricultural sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1324-1332页

作者： Juan P.sida-Arreola esteban sánchez Graciela D.Avila-Quezada Paul B.Zamudio-Flores Carlos H.Acosta-Muniz Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo ChihuahuaMéxico Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología Universidad Autónoma de ChihuahuaChihuahuaMéxico

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of iron biofortification on antioxidant response, yield and nutritional qualityof green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under greenhouse conditions. Fe was applied using two forms (FesO4 and Fe-EDDHA) at four doses of application (0, 25, 50 and 100 μm) added under a hydroponic system, and were tested over a period of 40 days. The Fe content was assessed in seeds, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes, production of H2O2, yield and nutritional quality. The results being obtained indicated that the accumulation of Fe in bean seeds enhanced with the application of Fe-EDDHA at the dose of 25 μm. This demonstrated that low Fe application dose was enough to increase Fe levels in seeds of common bean. In addition, Fe-EDDHA application form at 50 μmol was the best treatment to improve crop yield. Respect to antioxidant system, chelated form of Fe (Fe-EDDHA) was more effective in the activation of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, sOD and GsH-PX), and a lower content of H2O2 in green bean seeds. Finally, to raise the Fe concentration in bean under biofortification program was a promising strategy in cropping systems in order to increase the ingestion of iron and antioxidant capacity in the general population and provided the benefits that this element offered in human health.

关键词： Phaseolus vulgaris L. Antioxidant Activity Biofortification Iron Nutritional Quality

Digestibility,Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pecan Nutshell(Carya illioinensis)Extracts

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第10期10卷 2569-2580页

作者： María Janeth Rodríguez-Roque Carmen Lizette Del-Toro-sánchez Janet Madeline Chávez-Ayala Ricardo Iván González-Vega Liliana Maribel Pérez-Pérez esteban sánchez-Chávez Nora Aideésalas-salazar Juan Manuel soto-Parra Rey David Iturralde-García María Antonia Flores-Córdova Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas Universidad Autónoma de ChihuahuaChihuahuaMéxico Universidad de sonora Rosales y Niños Héroes S/NHermosilloSonMéxico Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C.Unidad DeliciasDeliciasChihuahuaMéxico

Phenolic compounds are related to high biological activity,avoiding oxidation in food and human systems.Nutshells are by-products derived from the pecan nut processing that contain important amounts of phenols which biological activity must be studied.This research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant(DPPH,ABTs,FRAP and hemolysis)and anti-inflammatory activities of shell extracts from pecan nuts harvested during the crop production cycle 2018 and 2019,as well as the in vitro digestibility of their phenolic compounds,including flavonoids.Results showed that extracts from the crop production cycle 2018 obtained the highest yield,while those from 2019 contained the highest concentration of phenolic compounds,flavonoids and antioxidant capacity determined by DPPH(22.96 mmol ET),ABTs(91.55 mmol ET)and inhibition of hemolysis(92.12%).The anti-inflammatory activity exhibited an inhibition of the elastase enzyme up to 50 min and the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds reached up to 32%.These results showed that pecan nutshell extracts are an important source of biologically active compounds,thus,they are suitable to be used as commodities in different fields such as agricultural,food and pharmaceutical industries.Future studies must be carried out in order to elucidate the activity of nutshell extracts within in vivo systems.

关键词： Anti-inflammatory activity antioxidants digestibility shell phenolic compounds

Impact of Organic and Mineral Fertilization in Pecan Nut on Production,Quality and Antioxidant Capacity

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Agricultural sciences 2019年第2期10卷 227-240页

作者： Linda Citlalli Noperi-Mosqueda Juan Manuel soto-Parra esteban sánchez Francisco Javier Pina-Ramírez Ramona Pérez-Leal María Antonia Flores-Córdova Nora Aideé salas-salazar Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas Universidad Autónoma de ChihuahuaChihuahuaMéxico Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C.Delicias ChihuahuaMéxico

The pecan nut is considered one of the most important dried fruits in the world by its classification as healthy food. The nutritional balance in the harvest is crucial for its impact on the production, quality and content of bioactive compounds. This research was carried out in the city of Aldama, Chihuahua (Mexico), where doses of mineral and organic fertilization were tested in L25 Taguchi structure with 6 factors and 5 levels by factor: nitrogen (N) 0 - 240 kg·ha-1, phosphate (P2O5) 0 - 120 kg·ha-1, potassium (K2O) 0 - 100 kg·ha-1, calcium (CaO) 0 - 400 kg·ha-1, liquid humus 0 - 3600 L·ha-1 and solid humus 0 - 8000 kg·ha-1. An average yield of 2.2 t·ha-1 was obtained;145 nuts per kilogram, 60% of the edible part of the nut. The total phenolic content was 225.9 mg gallic acid g-1 and the antioxidant capacity was 180.9 mg Trolox g-1. It is concluded that the factor with the greatest impact on yield, quality and antioxidant capacity in pecan nut was nitrogen. It was also found that the combination of mineral and organic fertilization helps to maintain the production and quality ranges of the nut. In turn, these factors contribute to the increase in the phenolic strength and antioxidant capacity. The optimal fertilization dosis to obtain the maximum levels in production of 3.2 t·ha-1;decrease the number of nuts per kilogram to 135, increase the percentage of the edible part of the nut to 61.8%, the increase in the total phenolic content to 318.6 mg of gallic acid g-1 and in the antioxidant capacity with 187.2 mg of Trolox g-1, was 184 kg·ha-1 of N, 107.4 kg·ha-1 of P2O5, 50 kg·ha-1 of K2O y 2777 L·ha-1 of liquid humus. Finally, the mineral fertilization complemented with organic fertilization is considered a good fertilization strategy for pecan trees and its possible benefits to health and the environment.

关键词： Carya illinoinensis(Wangen K.Koch) Pecan Nut Nutrition Organic Fertilization Antioxidants

Proline and Oxidative Metabolism in Young Pecan Trees Associated with sulphate Accumulation

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第6期91卷 1141-1152页

作者： Dalila Jacqueline Escudero-Almanza Oscar Cruz-Alvarez Ofelia Adriana Hernández-Rodríguez Juan Luis Jacobo-Cuellar esteban sánchez-Chávez Pablo Preciado-Rángel Dámaris Leopoldina Ojeda-Barrios Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas Universidad Autónoma de ChihuahuaChihuahua31350México Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C.Delicias33088México InstitutoTecnologico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Torreón Coahuila27170México

Pecan[Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch.]is a deciduous tree whose fruits(nuts)are of high economic value and offer excellent nutritional benefits.However,soils high in sulphates can limit its growth and development.Working with 5-year-old trees of‘Western schley’pecan grown in soils high in sulphates,the levels of proline and oxidative metabolism were recorded in the leaflets.Results showed that different levels of visible leaflet damage(‘sufficiency’,‘low’,‘moderate’or‘severe’)were associated with different levels of leaflet sulphates(mg kg^(−1)):‘sufficiency’(≤40),‘low’(41–60),‘moderate’(61–80)and‘severe’(80–100).‘severe’sulphate damage was associated with significant reductions in chlorophyll(TChl)(17.04μg g^(−1)),relative water content(RWC)(50%)and leaf area(LA),and with increases in the concentrations of total carotenoids(TC)and proline(Prl).Increases were also observed in the activities of the oxidative metabolism enzymes:superoxide dismutase(sOD)(1.82 units min^(−1) g^(−1)),catalase(CAT)(2.86μmol H_(2)O_(2) min^(−1) g^(−1))and antioxidant capacity(AC)(87%DPPH inhibition).However,guaiacol peroxidase(GP)showed a reduction(2.97 nmol GsH min^(−1) g^(−1)).An inverse relationship was found between the sulphate concentration in the leaflets with respect to the evaluated parameters of TChl,TC,RWC,LA,AC,and GP.Proline synthesis and antioxidant enzymatic activity indicate salt stress in pecan leaflets in orchards irrigated with deep-well water high in sulphates.

关键词： Carya illinoinensis catalase guaiacol peroxidase salt stress photosynthetic pigments superoxide dismutase

Paclobutrazol and Its Use in Fruit Production:A Review

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第1期91卷 1-12页

作者： Laura Raquel Orozco-Meléndez Ofelia Adriana Hernández-Rodríguez Oscar Cruz-Álvarez Loreto Robles-Hernández Graciela Dolores Avila-Quezada esteban sánchez Chavez DamiánAarón Porras-Flores Dámaris Leopoldina Ojeda-Barrios Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas Universidad Autónoma de ChihuahuaAvenida Pascual OrozcoChihuahua31350México Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo A.C. DeliciasChihuahua33089México

There are documentary records referring to paclobutrazol(PBZ)as a growth bioregulator that inhibits the gibberellin synthesis and its application increases yields in fruit and vegetable crop productions.Its agronomic management includes it as an emerging technology to reduce vigour,promote flower induction and flower development in fruit trees with increased economic returns.Its use is banned in some countries because of concerns about residues that can cause harmful effects on the environment.Therefore,the aim of this article was to collect,analyse and summarise relevant information on the use of PBZ in fruit tree production and its possible risks to the environment.The results obtained indicated that the application of PBZ can be effective in solving some problems related to flowering if it is applied in the right amount and at the right time.However,it is necessary to elucidate the physiological processes with which it is associated and its response to be taken into account to increase yield.PBZ is currently used in fruit trees such as mango,lime,apple and guava,increasing their productivity.However,some studies have shown its residual effect on the environment.Therefore,PBZ is a viable strategy,because it presents a series of advantages in the production of fruit trees.However,it is vital to generate protocols that seek its regulation with a rational and sustainable approach.

关键词： Environment flower induction gibberellin biosynthesis growth bioregulator vegetative growth

Assessment of compressive strength of jet grouting by machine learning

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 102-111页

作者： esteban Diaz Edgar Leonardo salamanca-Medina Roberto Tomas Departamento de Ingeniería Civil Escuela Politécnica SuperiorUniversidad de AlicanteP.O.Box 99E-03080AlicanteSpain

Jet grouting is one of the most popular soil improvement techniques,but its design usually involves great uncertainties that can lead to economic cost overruns in construction projects.The high dispersion in the properties of the improved material leads to designers assuming a conservative,arbitrary and unjustified strength,which is even sometimes subjected to the results of the test fields.The present paper presents an approach for prediction of the uniaxial compressive strength(UCs)of jet grouting columns based on the analysis of several machine learning algorithms on a database of 854 results mainly collected from different research papers.The selected machine learning model(extremely randomized trees)relates the soil type and various parameters of the technique to the value of the compressive strength.Despite the complex mechanism that surrounds the jet grouting process,evidenced by the high dispersion and low correlation of the variables studied,the trained model allows to optimally predict the values of compressive strength with a significant improvement with respect to the existing works.Consequently,this work proposes for the first time a reliable and easily applicable approach for estimation of the compressive strength of jet grouting columns.

关键词： Jet grouting Ground improvement Compressive strength Machine learning

Deep optics preconditioner for modulation-free pyramid wavefront sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第2期12卷 301-312页

作者： FELIPE GUZMÁN JORGE TAPIA CAMILO WEINBERGER NICOLÁs HERNÁNDEZ JORGE BACCA BENOIT NEICHEL esteban VERA school of Electrical Engineering Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaı´soValparaı´soChile Department of systems Engineering Universidad Industrial de SantanderBucaramangaColombia Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille MarseilleFrance

The pyramid wavefront sensor(PWFs)can provide the sensitivity needed for demanding adaptive optics applications,such as imaging exoplanets using the future extremely large telescopes of over 30 m of diameter(D).However,its exquisite sensitivity has a limited linear range of operation,or dynamic range,although it can be extended through the use of beam modulation—despite sacrificing sensitivity and requiring additional optical hardware.Inspired by artificial intelligence techniques,this work proposes to train an optical layer—comprising a passive diffractive element placed at a conjugated Fourier plane of the pyramid prism—to boost the linear response of the pyramid sensor without the need for cumbersome modulation.We develop an end-2-end simulation to train the diffractive element,which acts as an optical preconditioner to the traditional least-square modal phase estimation process.simulation results with a large range of turbulence conditions show a noticeable improvement in the aberration estimation performance equivalent to over 3λ∕D of modulation when using the optically preconditioned deep PWFs(DPWFs).Experimental results validate the advantages of using the designed optical layer,where the DPWFs can pair the performance of a traditional PWFs with 2λ∕D of modulation.Designing and adding an optical preconditioner to the PWFs is just the tip of the iceberg,since the proposed deep optics methodology can be used for the design of a completely new generation of wavefront sensors that can better fit the demands of sophisticated adaptive optics applications such as ground-to-space and underwater optical communications and imaging through scattering media.

关键词： process optics pyramid

The Democratic simulation of the Public space and Its Complex Human Relations

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Cultural and Religious studies 2018年第6期6卷 343-347页

作者： Wendy Montes Ponce esteban sumano sánchez Otniel Josafat López Altamirano Universidad Autónoma“Benito Juárez”de Oaxaca(UABJO) OaxacaMéxico

The public space is currently the product of a simulation of democracy,the subject of the present investigation.In the phenomenon,social aspects intervene that gestate labor,religious and political activities.The observation of urban behavior in historic centers was handled through the deductive method observing permitted or prohibitive areas of commercialization in the Historic Center of Oaxaca;it shows that it was determined by the reproduction of the urban simulation.The purpose was focused on the exploration of spatial utility and the normative models of urban practices and practices.The results revealed the public space is the product of negotiations that exhibit multiple inequalities:social strata,division of labor,political interests,religious and cultural expressions.spatial projections are of:expropriation,distribution,donation,and resignation;from a domestic to industrial scale.The democratic simulation and its complex human relations multiplied the creeds and collective rituals,the proliferation of non-legal business and the dispute of the public space.It is concluded that those who administer and enforce civic policies and urban rules should promote solutions for coexistence;as a formative and attitudinal issue in the space that belongs to all of us.

关键词： simulation urbanism politics commerce religion