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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第5期11卷 602-609页

作者： Armand Kamga Talom felix essiben Kingsley Sama Ombaku Forbang Ako Esther Ngo Um Meka Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Background: A bicornuate uterus is a relatively common and often asymptomatic congenital uterine malformation. Objective: The aim of this work is to highlight the diagnostic difficulty in this case, as well as its therapeutic and prognostic aspects. We report here the case of a young girl carrying a pregnancy on an undiagnosed unicollis bicornuate uterus, which was initially diagnosed as an unruptured ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion: The bicornuate uterus still poses diagnostic difficulties, especially in disadvantaged populations due to the poor accessibility of diagnostic means.

关键词： Bicornous Uterus Cameroun Diagnosis Pregnancy Prognosis

Cesarean Sections according to the Robson’s Classification in Two University Hospitals of Yaoundé: Indications and Maternofetal Outcome

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第11期13卷 1791-1806页

作者： Noa Ndoua Claude Cyrille Ndongo Ivan Alfred essiben felix Toukam Louise Kemfang Ngowa Jean Dupont Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of YaoundéI Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Cesarean section is a surgical intervention which consists in the extraction of a fetus from the uterus after its incision. The rate of cesarean section varies depending on the country and the health facility. For this reason, in 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use of Robson’s classification to evaluate the practice of cesarean sections in order to identify the groups of women who had abnormally high rates. The objective of our study was to evaluate cesarean sections using the Robson’s classification in CHRACERH and in the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH). Methodology: We carried out a retrospective cross sectional and descriptive study in two (02) university hospitals in Yaoundé which took place from December 2017 to May 2018. We included in our study all women who gave birth over a period of two (02) years from January 2016 to December 2017 in these two health facilities. Our sampling was exhaustive over the study period. The parturients’ information was collected using an anonymous and pretested questionnaire. The Robson’s group of every parturient was determined. Descriptive parameters like mean and proportions were calculated. We compared the rates and indications of cesarean sections between the both hospitals using Chi2 test. Results: Out of 330 deliveries realized in CHRACERH, we had 90 cesarean sections;hence, a rate of 27.2%. Out of 1863 deliveries carried out at the YCH, 462 were by cesarean section, hence a rate of 24.8%. The women who belonged to groups 1, 3 and 5 contributed to the highest rates of cesarean sections in both hospitals: in CHRACERH, group 5 (31.1%), group 3 (20%) and group 1 (15.6%), at YCH: group 3 (22.5%), group 1 (21.6%) and group 5 (17.3%). The indications of the cesarean sections varied depending on the Robson’s group and the hospital, the principal indication in group 1 was acute fetal distress (28.6%) in CHRACERH and cephalopelvic disproportion (36.7%) at YCH. Cephalopelvic dispropo

关键词： Robson’s Classification Indication for Cesarean Section Materno-Fetal Outcome

Adolescent Sexual Behavior in an Urban Area of a Resource-Limited African Country, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第6期9卷 923-935页

作者： felix essiben Chantal Didjo Valère Mve Koh Meka Esther Juliette Ngo Um Christiane Nsahlai Pascal Foumane Yaoundé Central Hospital Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Yaounde Teaching Hospital Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Essos Hospital Center Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: The substantial changes that occur in adolescence may lead to sexual behaviors that adversely affect their health. We have described sexual patterns in adolescents in various neighborhoods of Yaounde in order to underscore the sexual challenges that they face. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study in District number V of Yaounde from August 1st to 31st 2018. To characterize their sexual lives, we surveyed 1800 adolescents between 10 and 19, and analyzed the data using SPSS version 25.0. Results: In our study, 1023 (56.8%) adolescents were female, and 777 (43.2%) were male. Most of the adolescents were between ages 18 and 19 years (25.4%), unmarried (93.1%), had a secondary level of education (81.9%) and lived with their families (87.3%). One-third of the adolescents (30.7%) were sexually active and 41.1% had multiple sexual partners. The average age of coitarche was 15.1 years. Among the females, 17.1% reported one prior pregnancy and 30.8% had one abortion. Most of the sexual encounters were heterosexual (82.6%) and 30.2% regularly used male condoms. 66.0% and 47.7% obtained information about sexuality primarily from social media and mass media, respectively. Conclusion: Sexual encounters in adolescents of District V of Yaounde were premature, mostly heterosexual and often unprotected. The consequences were an increased incidence of early pregnancies and abortions.

关键词： Adolescents Sexual Behavior Heterosexual Relationship Yaoundé Cameroon

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study of 315 Women Followed in the Gynecology and Oncology Departments of Two University Teaching Hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第12期6卷 676-688页

作者： felix essiben Pascal Foumane Esther Ngo Um Meka Patience Signing Soh Julius Dohbit Sama Eyongoben Osogo Emile Telesphore Mboudou Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS) University of Yaoundé I YaoundéCameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yaounde Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Higher Institute of Health Université des Montagnes Bagangte Cameroon

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the first cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Cameroon. The aim of the study was to investigate its risk factors for breast cancer at two University Teaching Hospitals in Yaoundé. Methodology: A case-control study was conducted for 5 months, from February 25th to July 25th 2015, at the Gynecology unit of the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (YGOPH) and the Medical Oncology unit of the Yaoundé General Hospital (YGH). One hundred and five patients with breast cancer (cases) were compared to 210 women who did not have breast cancer (controls). SPSS Version 18.0.0 software was used to analyze the data with a statistical significance considered at P-value 50 years (P three times per week (P = 0.002;OR = 2.14;CI = [1.33 - 3.45]), palm oil consumption > two times per week (P = 0.001;OR = 2.38;CI = [1.4 - 4.1]). After multivariate analysis, age > 50 years (aOR = 41.48;CI = [2.46 - 69.9]) and consumption of red meat > three times per week [aOR = 7.33;(1.49 - 36)] were the risk factors considered significant for breast cancer. Conclusion: Age > 50 years and red meat consumption are independent risk factors for breast cancer at the Yaoundé General Hospital and at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital.

关键词： Risk Factors Breast Cancer Red Meat Cameroon

Caesarean Section in African Setting: Current Situation, Problematic and Qualitative Approaches at Laquintinie Hospital (Douala, Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第10期9卷 1392-1406页

作者： Essome Henri Mve Koh Valere Engbang Jean Paul Boten Merlin essiben felix Tocki Toutou Grace Foumane Pascal Mboudou Emile Telesphore Laquintinie Hospital of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon University Teaching Hospital Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences of Yaoundé University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Gynaeco-Obstetrics and Paediatric Hospital of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital of Douala Douala Cameroon Central Hospital of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon.

Background: Quality control of care aims to reduce or eliminate unnecessary care and to improve the quality of those who are useful both in their indication and in their implementation. Objective: We conducted this study to assess the rate of caesarean section, the rate of irrelevant indications, materno-foetal morbidity and mortality, biases in the management in order to suggest corrective approaches. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the gynaeco-obstetrics department of the Laquintinie Hospital of Douala over a period of 4 months from January 1 to April 30, 2017. We included all pregnant women who had a caesarean section and who gave consent to our study as well as new-borns from these caesareans. We excluded caesarean deliveries from other health structures and referred to Laquintinie Hospital due to morbid operative follow-up. The variables collected were grouped under 3 main headings: socio-demographic data, clinical data and post-operative follow-up. Results: A total of 281 caesarean sections were performed out of a total of 967 deliveries;a caesarean section rate of 29.06% in 4 months. After data mining, 250 caesarean sections were included in the study because 31 cases of caesarean deliveries were unusable. Referred pregnancies accounted for 46.8% of the total population and the most common reason for referral was stationary labour (23% of cases). All caesareans were performed by the gynaeco-obstetricians. Women who had caesarean deliveries were informed by the operator of the surgical procedure in 28.4% of cases and 27.6% were notified of the indication for surgery. The operative kit was present in 98% of cases. The operating room was available in 93% of cases. Caesareans were performed mostly in an emergency context (91.2%) with a median turnaround time of 214 minutes (3 h 56 mins). Mechanical dystocia was the major indication in our series (21.2%) and 29 indications were irrelevant (11.6%). Intraoperative complications occurred in 3.2%

关键词： Caesarean Section Practical Laquintinie Cameroon

Predictive Factors for Pre-Eclampsia: A Case-Control Study in Two Hospitals in Yaounde

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 565-574页

作者： Junie Annick Metogo Ntsama Ines Winnie Gouanfo Claude Hector Mbia Wilfried Loic Tatsipie Pascal Mpono Madye Ngo Dingom felix essiben Claude Cyrille Noa Ndoua Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound&#233 I Yaound&#233 Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality, that complicates 2% to 8% of pregnancies worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors for pre-eclampsia in two hospitals in the city of Yaoundé. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Gynaecology & Obstetrics department of the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital (YGOPH) and the Main Maternity of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (MM-YCH) from February 1 to July 30, 2022. The cases were all pregnant women presenting with pre-eclampsia. The control group included pregnant women without pre-eclampsia. Descriptive statistics followed by logistic regression analyses were conducted with level of significance set at p-value Results: Included in the study were 33 cases and 132 controls, giving a total of 165 participants. The predictive factors for pre-eclampsia after multivariate analysis were: primiparity (aOR = 51.86, 95% CI: 3.01 - 1230.96, p = 0.045), duration of exposure to partner’s sperm Conclusion: The odds of pre-eclampsia increased with primiparity, duration of exposure to partner’s sperm < 3 months, personal history of pre-eclampsia and maternal history of pre-eclampsia. Recognition of these predictor factors would improve the ability to diagnose and monitor women likely to develop pre-eclampsia before the onset of disease for timely interventions.

关键词： Pre-Eclampsia Predictive Factors Yaoundé

Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Pregnant Women with Heart Disease in Three YaoundéReferral Hospitals

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第1期12卷 93-103页

作者： Jean Dupont Kemfang Ngowa Calixte Galilée Fotsing Kengne Christiane Nsahlai Boombhi Jérôme felix essiben Wilfried Loic Tatsipie Jovanny Tsuala Fouogue Pascal Foumane Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Maternal Health Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Heart disease in pregnancy is the cause of significant maternal and perinatal morbidity. We wanted to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with heart disease in Yaoundé, Cameroon. This was a cross sectional study with retrospective data collection of 45 pregnancies in 42 women with heart disease followed at three Yaoundé referral hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon from January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2020. We collected data on maternal obstetrical and perinatal outcomes. The frequency of pregnancies with heart diseases was 0.1%. The mean maternal age was 29.05 ± 6.5 years. At first antenatal visit, all patients were in class I (84.4%) and II (15.6%) of the New-York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class. Valvular heart disease (51.1%) was the most common type followed by cardiomyopathy (37.7%). Over half of the deliveries were vaginal (51.1%). A cesarean section was generally indicated for the usual obstetrical reasons (54.5%) and for heart disease (31.8%). Complications included 17 (37.7%) cases of heart failure, 6 (13.3%) cases of pulmonary edema, 2 (04.4%) cases of pulmonary embolism, 3 (06.6%) maternal deaths and 3 (06.3%) perinatal deaths, 14 (29.7%) premature births and 3 cases of (6.3%) intrauterine growth retardation. The maternal deaths were cases complicated by pulmonary edema and all had dilated cardiomyopathy. The maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with heart disease are marked in our environment by increased

Epidemiologic Profile of Maternal Deaths in Two Referral Hospitals in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第6期6卷 365-372页

作者： Philip Njotang Nana felix essiben Julius Dohbit Sama Elisabeth Medoua Koh Koh Morfaw Lifanji Filbert Eko Eko Jeanne Fouedjio Agnes Esiene Robinson Enow Mbu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS) The University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yaoundé Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS) The University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Bamenda Regional Hospital Bamenda Cameroon Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS) The University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Our objective was to compare the epidemiologic profile of maternal mortality in two structures serving as referral levels of care in Cameroon. Methodology: This cross-sectional, comparative study took place at the maternities of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH) and the Bamenda Regional Hospital (BRH) from December 1st 2014 to May 31st 2015, a 6 months’ period. The medical records of deceased women over 5 years, from January 2010 to December 2014, were collected. We calculated the MMR (Maternal mortality rate) and studied the causes and risk factors associated with maternal death. The Epi info software 3.5.4 was used to analyze data with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 964 and 247 per 100,000 live births for YCH and BRH, respectively. More deaths occurred within the aged group range 20 to 34 years, 76.8% at YCH and 64.7% at BRH. At YCH, 70.7% of these patients were referrals versus 32.4% at BRH. Complication from abortion was often implicated at BRH (P = 0.007;OR = 0.31;CI = 0.13 - 0.74). Others causes were hemorrhage (YCH = 43.4%;BRH = 35.5%), hypertensive diseases (YCH = 17.2%;BRH = 14.7%) and infections (YCH = 8.1%;BRH = 17.6%). At YCH time elapsed from admission to death was <3 h (P = 0.005;OR = 6.63;CI = 1.49 - 29.5). Conclusion: Both hospitals have similar causes of maternal deaths, differing only in the context within which the deaths occurred. Improving access to good quality health care, satisfying unmet needs for family planning, availability of blood products and the establishment of health insurance could decrease the maternal mortality rate.

关键词： Maternal Mortality Causes Maternal Death Referral Hospital Cameroon

The Use of Visual Tests in the Screening Strategy of Cervical Dysplasies and Cervical Cancer at the Laquintinie Hospital Douala, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第7期9卷 1058-1072页

作者： Essome Henri Mve Koh Valère Egbe Obinchemti Thomas Engbang Jean Paul essiben felix Boten Merlin Tocki Toutou Grace Tsetsafong Aristophane Mboudou Emile Telesphore Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laquintinie Hospital of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon

Introduction: The prevalence of cervical cancer in Cameroon is 80.73/100,000 women, with an estimated incidence of 40/100,000 women-years. It is a real public health problem. There is no systematic and effective screening program for cervical cancer in our country, despite the advent of visual tests that are simple to use, low cost, and adapted to the modest income of our social groups. Objectives: We aimed at determining the usefulness and place of visual tests in screening for cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer for its implementation at the Laquintinie Hospital Douala, Cameroon. Methods: We conducted a prospective analytic cross-sectional study of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer screening by visual testing at the Laquintinie Hospital Douala from December 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017. Data collection was by consecutive non-probabilistic method and consenting sexually active women older than 21 years were enrolled for study. Data analysis was with Epi InfoTM version 7. Associations were done with the Chi square, student t-test and Fischer’s exact test where appropriate. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done and reported as odd ratios, adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at P 0.05. Results: We received 1590 women, of whom 1506 (94.7%) screened for dysplastic lesions and cervical cancer during the study period. The results obtained were: 1417 (94.1%) had a normal result;64 (4.2%) had a positive visual test (TV+);and 25 (1.7%) visual tests were inconclusive (TV-nC). Of the 64 women whose visual tests were positive, 15 (23.5%) were HIV+. We performed 80 colposcopies and biopsies, including 61 women with positive visual tests and 19 non-conclusive visual tests. Among women with TV+, we found 06 cancers (squamous cell carcinoma: 05, adenocarcinoma: 01) and 05 dysplasias (CIN1: 04, CIN3: 01). Histological examination in women with TV-nC revealed 02 dysplasias (CIN1: 02). Half of the women with cervical cancer we

关键词： IVA IVL Cervical Cancer Sensitivity Specificity

Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Following Labour at Term in Singleton Pregnancies with Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid: A Prospective Cohort Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第9期8卷 790-802页

作者： Julius Sama Dohbit Evelyne M. Mah felix essiben Edmond Mesumbe Nzene Esther U. N. Meka Pascal Foumane Joel Noutakdie Tochie Benjamin Momo Kadia felix A. Elong Philip Njotang Nana Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Central Hospital of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Foumbot District Hospital Foumbot Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Background: Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is frequently encountered in obstetric practice. Literature on the subject is still poorly documented in the African setting. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the maternal and fetal outcomes in case of meconium stained amniotic fluid observed during term labour. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study enrolling all consenting pregnant women with term singleton fetus in cephalic presentation admitted for labour with ruptured fetal membranes in the maternity units of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH) and the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (YGOPH) of Cameroon between December 2014 and April 2015. The exposed grouped was considered as participants having MSAF, while the non-exposed group comprised those with clear amniotic fluid (CAF). The two groups were monitored during labor using the WHO partograph, and then followed up till 72 hours after delivery. Variables studied included the colour and texture of amniotic fluid as well as maternal and fetal complications. Data was analyzed using Epi-info version 3.5.4. The chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests were appropriately used to compare the two groups. A p-value less than 5% was considered statistically significant. Results: 2376 vaginal deliveries were recorded during the study period among which MSAF was observed in 265 cases, hence a prevalence rate of MSAF of 11.15%. Among these cases of MSAF, 52.1% was thick meconium and 47.9% was light meconium. Maternal morbidity was high in the group with MSAF;these included: Higher proportions of caesarean delivery (RR = 2.35 p -4) and prolonged labor (RR = 3 p -4). In this same group, the incidences of chorioamnionitis and puerperal sepsis were low (0.94% and 0.70% respectively), although there was a three-fold higher risk that was not statistically significant (RR = 3, P = 0.31). Fetal and neonatal outcomes were poorer in the MSAF group compared to the CAF group. The c

关键词： Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid Labour Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes