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hierarchy of knowledge in GIS

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S1期51卷 6-12页

作者： ChEN ZiTan esri,380 New York St.,Redlands,CA 92373,USA School of Geographical Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China esri Redlands USA School of Geographical Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China

An intelligent geographic information system (GIS) has to handle various types and huge volumes of geoscience-related knowledge as well as enormous amounts of data and information. More recent attention concentrates on collection,represen-tation,management,and usage of knowledge. This article presents a three-tier hi-erarchy for geoscience knowledge in a GIS. The first tier is for knowledge of data. It includes knowledge of feature objects definition,data structure,data model,and relations among data as well as rules,restrictions,and regulations about data. The second tier is for knowledge of processing. It describes analysis models,data processing procedures,workflows,and conditions. The third tier contains knowl-edge of a GIS for the public sector. This tier provides knowledge to people on how to access this GIS and what the GIS can do. The three-tier hierarchy of knowledge in a GIS provides an understandable and practical category frame to handle geo-science knowledge. One of the advantages of this hierarchy is that it separates system resource consumption into different stages so it can avoid exhausting the system at peak times when the GIS handles a complex,large task.

关键词： GIS knowledge engineering knowledge hierarchy knowledge management

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论中学写作教学中的思维建模

四川师范大学学报（社会科学版） 2001年第4期28卷 101-108页

作者：张伟成都市教育局教育科学研究所四川成都610031

写作需要思维 ,思维需要建模。而现今的写作思维训练存在着训练层面定位不准和训练方法难以操作两大弊端。为了改变这一现状 ,我们必须在写作教学中走出思维建模是限制僵化思维、排斥写作灵感、构建写作模式和教学模式四大认识误区 ,明... 详细信息

写作需要思维 ,思维需要建模。而现今的写作思维训练存在着训练层面定位不准和训练方法难以操作两大弊端。为了改变这一现状 ,我们必须在写作教学中走出思维建模是限制僵化思维、排斥写作灵感、构建写作模式和教学模式四大认识误区 ,明确思维建模的导主式操作、适应性发展、合作式促进、监控式调整和激情参与五项原则 ,探讨开启思维之源和拓宽思维之路的基本方法。唯其如此 ,中学写作教学中的思维训练才具有操作性。

关键词：中学写作教学思维建模思维训练教学方法基本原则

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GIS——沟通世界的语言

地理信息世界 2006年第6期4卷 83-83页

作者： esri中国(北京)有限公司 esri中国(北京)有限公司

“GIS——沟通世界的语言”（GIS Communicating Our World）是美国环境系统研究所（Environmental Systems Research Institute，Inc．简称esri）今年全球用户大会的主题。

关键词： GIS 语言世界 Systems 环境系统 Our 研究所 Inc

Concepts and Applications of Spatial Database for Geo-Archives Catalog

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 289-289页

作者： Xiaoguang Li~1,Chao Xing~2,Lei Li~1,Xiaoxi Zhou~1 1.Geo-Information and Archives Center,Tianjin Institute of Geological & Mineral Resources,Tianjin 300170,China. 2.esri China(Beijing) Learning Center,Beijing 100101,China

The searching method of spatial information on traditional geo-archives catalog database(TGCD) is based on the text,and the result of retrieval can be only from the text of fields of relational *** information queried must be input into the relational database as a text form in advance,otherwise,the visitors would not get any result from ***。

关键词： searching method geo-archives catalog GIS spatial database

Association of Estrogen Receptor I Genetic Polymorphisms with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion Risk

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第15期131卷 1857-1865页

作者： Xun-Qiang Yinl hong-Mei ju Qiang Guo Lin Zhao Xiao-Xiao Zhu Ran Wei Zhen Zhang Yun-hong Zhang Bin Wang Xia Li School of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong 250062 China Laboratory for Molecular Immunology Institute of Basic Medicine Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong 250062 China Department of Gynaecology Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan Shandong 250011 China Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan Shandong 250011 China

Background： Estrogen is one of the most important reproductive steroidal hormones and plays a critical role in the maintenance of pregnancy, and its function is mediated by estrogen receptor 1 （ESR 1）. The polymorphisms ofESR 1 were involved in recurrent spontaneous abortion （RSA）; however, the association between esri polymorphisms and RSA remains controversial. The present meta-analysis was aimed to clarify the association between esri Pvull （-397C/T, rs2234693） and Xbal （-351 A/G, rs9340799） polymorphisms and the risk of RSA. Methods： All the included articles were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Med Online Database up to January 3,2018. Data were processed in the Stata 12.0 software. The odds ratios （ORs） and 95% confidence intervals （95% Cls） were calculated using fixed-effects models （FEM）/random-effects models （REM）. Results： Seven case-control studies with 836 cases and 1164 controls were included in the study. Generally, the ESR 1 polymorphisms were not associated with RSA in any of the genetic analysis models. however, it was found that as rs9340799 polymorphism was related to increased risk of RSA in non-Asian group in the homozygous genetic model （OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.05-5.50, P = 0.039）. Moreover, in Asian group, rs9340799 polymorphism was found to be related to decreased RSA risk in both the heterozygous model （OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.33-0.85, P = 0.009） and the dominant genetic model （OR=0.55, 95% CI = 0.30 0.98, P = 0.042）. Conclusions： Generally. there was no significant association between the polymorphisms of esri and the risk of RSA. however, subgroup analysis indicated that ESR1 rs9340799 polymorphism was related to increased RSA risk in the non-Asian group while associated with decreased RSA risk in Asian group.

关键词： Estrogen Receptor 1 Meta-Analysis Polymorphism Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion Risk

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关于学校德育若干问题的思考

四川师范大学学报（社会科学版） 2000年第1期27卷 27-33页

作者：吴登良林倩成都市教委教育科学研究所四川成都610000 四川师范大学附属中学四川成都610068

建立新型德育关系以适应发生重大变迁的学校德育环境。为此目的，首先，抛弃旧的德育观念，建立新的德育教育模式；第二，继承优秀传统文化中的人文道德精神，并赋予其时代含义；第三，以学校德育系统为核心，重新整合学校、家庭、社会... 详细信息

建立新型德育关系以适应发生重大变迁的学校德育环境。为此目的，首先，抛弃旧的德育观念，建立新的德育教育模式；第二，继承优秀传统文化中的人文道德精神，并赋予其时代含义；第三，以学校德育系统为核心，重新整合学校、家庭、社会三大德育系统，建立新的德育机制；第四，立足社会道德现实。

关键词：学校德育教育模式人文道德精神社会道德

Neotectonic Indications from the Western and Southern Deserts of Iraq

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第5期14卷 427-436页

作者： Varoujan K. Sissakian Nadhir Al-Ansari Lanja h. Abdullah Jan Laue College of Engineering Komar University of Science and Technology Sulaymaniyah Iraq Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden College of Science University of Sulaimani Sulaymaniyah Iraq

The Iraqi Western and Southern deserts are part of the Iraqi Stable Shelf (Inner Platform) that belongs to the Arabian Plate. Therefore, both deserts lack tectonic forms like folds and faults;however, very rarely faults and regional lineaments can be seen in both deserts. Although both deserts are tectonically stable, tens of Neotectonic indications can be seen everywhere in both deserts. Among those indications are: Straight valleys, perpendicular valley bendings, sinkholes aligned along straight lines, dislocated valleys, knickpoints within valleys aligned along straight lines, regional lineaments, anomalous valley shapes, trends, and types, dissected alluvial fans. We have used existing geological maps of different scales and esri World Imagery to recognize those Neotectonic indications. All those recognized features are excellent indications that both the Iraqi Western and Southern deserts are tectonically not stable. Accordingly, new terminology is suggested instead of the Stable Shelf (Inner Platform) which is the “Less Disturbed Shelf”.

关键词： Neotectonics Iraq Western and Southern Deserts Knickpoints Dislocated Valleys Anomalous Valley Shapes

Geodatabase模型及其在成矿区带数据裁剪中的应用研究

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工程地球物理学报 2006年第1期3卷 70-74页

作者：琚锋汪新庆蔡帆中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室武汉430074

Geodatabase是美国环境系统研究所(esri)提出的第三代地理数据模型,本文从总体上描述了Geodatabase空间数据模型,并基于Geodatabase数据模型设计并实现了全国重要成矿区带资源评价基础数据库管理系统的数据裁剪分系统。测试结果表明数... 详细信息

Geodatabase是美国环境系统研究所(esri)提出的第三代地理数据模型,本文从总体上描述了Geodatabase空间数据模型,并基于Geodatabase数据模型设计并实现了全国重要成矿区带资源评价基础数据库管理系统的数据裁剪分系统。测试结果表明数据裁剪功能为用户进行数据检查减少入库数据的冗余以及从海量数据中便捷、快速提取出所需数据提供了较好的支持,该数据模型得到成功地运用。

关键词： Geodatabase 数据裁剪数据检查 ArcObjects

“同一个地质”计划的地质图空间数据网络共享研究——以中国1∶100万MapGIS格式的地质图数据为例

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地球信息科学学报 2011年第6期13卷 742-749页

作者：韩坤英庞健峰逯永光丁孝忠范本贤剧远景王震洋中国地质科学院地质研究所北京100037 中国地图出版社北京100055

"同一个地质"(OneGeology)计划是一项旨在建立全球大约1∶100万比例尺的地质图数据库,使地质图数据可以在互联网上共享的国际合作计划。"OneGeology"计划是一个基于WebGIS技术的分布式系统,每个提供数据的组织者在自己的Web服务器上管... 详细信息

"同一个地质"(OneGeology)计划是一项旨在建立全球大约1∶100万比例尺的地质图数据库,使地质图数据可以在互联网上共享的国际合作计划。"OneGeology"计划是一个基于WebGIS技术的分布式系统,每个提供数据的组织者在自己的Web服务器上管理数据,"OneGeology"门户网站和每台Web服务器进行联接并可以显示这些信息。本文以构建中国1∶100万地质图网络地图服务(WMS)为例,研究了MapGIS格式的数据实现WMS网络地图服务的方法、流程。对此,本文选择了开源软件MapServer WebGIS平台和Apache Web服务器实现WMS服务。MapServer可以发布Shape文件,因此需要将MapGIS文件转换为ArcGIS的Shape文件。由于系统库不能跨平台使用,必须在ArcGIS平台下建立中国1∶100地质图系统库,系统库包括Point(点)、Line(线)、Polygon(面)三种符号类型,并根据属性信息重新对空间图形数据进行符号化。MapServer通过Mapfile配置文件定制网络服务,该配置文件是地质图数据发布的核心内容,文件内容包括地图服务的数据源、数据输出格式、符号化方式、元数据信息等,采用文本方式存储。最后,通过在"OneGeology"门户网站注册,提供网络地质图服务。

关键词：同一个地质计划地质图 WMS服务数据共享