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Hygrom.try behavior during high-flow nasal oxygen therapy and non-invasive m.chanical ventilation: A narrative review of bench to clinical studies

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重症医学（英文） 2024年第4期04卷 433-441页

作者： Singhal Sanjay Gurjar m.han Duan Jun Notaro Salvatore esquinas antonio m. Departm.nt of Pulm.nary m.dicine All India Institute of Medical Science Rajkot Gujarat India Departm.nt of Critical Care m.dicine Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS) Lucknow India Departm.nt of Respiratory and Critical Care m.dicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China Intensive Care Unit and ECm. A.O.R.N. "Dei Colli" Monaldi Hospital Naples Italy Intensive Care Unit Hospital Morales Meseguer Murcia Spain

Recently, there has been growing interest in knowing the best hygrom.try level during high-flow nasal oxygen and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and its potential influence on the outcom.. Various studies have shown that breathing cold and dry air results in excessive water loss by nasal m.cosa, reduced m.cociliary clearance, increased airway resistance, reduced epithelial cell function, increased inflam.ation, sloughing of tracheal epithelium. and subm.cosal inflam.ation. With the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandem.c, using high-flow nasal oxygen with a heated hum.difier has becom. an em.rging form.of non-invasive support am.ng clinicians. However, we cannot always assum. stable hum.dification. Sim.larly, there are no clear guidelines for using hum.dification during NIV, although hum.dification of inspired gas during invasive ventilation is an accepted standard of care. NIV disturbs the norm.l physiological system.that warm. and hum.difies inspired gases. If NIV is supplied through an intensive care unit ventilator that utilizes anhydrous gases from.com.ressed wall air and oxygen, the risk of dryness increases. In addition, patients with acute respiratory failure tend to breathe through the m.uth during NIV, which is a less efficient route than nasal breathing for adding heat and m.isture to the inspired gas. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrom. is one of the m.st im.ortant indications for chronic use of NIV at hom.. Available data suggest that up to 60% of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrom. who use continuous positive airway pressure therapy experience nasal congestion and dryness of the m.uth and nose. Therefore, hum.difying the inspired gas in NIV m.y be essential for patient com.ort and com.liance with treatm.nt. We aim.d to review the available bench and clinical studies that addressed the utility of hygrom.try in NIV and nasal high-flow oxygen and discuss the technical lim.tations of different hum.dification system. for both system..

关键词： Acute respiratory failure Hygrom.try Non-invasive m.chanical ventilation High flow nasal oxygen Oxygenation Heated hum.difier

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m.llim.tric devices for nerve stim.lation:a prom.sing path towards m.niaturization

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1702-1706页

作者： Ryan m.Dorrian Anna V.Leonard antonio Lauto Spinal Cord Injury Research Group School of BiomedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia School of Science Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia

Nerve stim.lation is a rapidly developing field,dem.nstrating positive outcom.s across several *** potential benefits,current nerve stim.lation devices are large,com.licated,and are powered via im.lanted pulse *** facto rs necessitate invasive surgical im.lantation and lim.t potential *** nerve stim.lation devices to m.llim.tric sizes would m.ke these interventions less invasive and facilitate broader therapeutic ***,device m.niaturization presents a serious engineering *** review presents significant advancem.nts from.several groups that have overcom. this challenge and developed m.llim.tricsized nerve stim.lation *** are based on antennas,m.ni-coils,m.gneto-electric and optoelectronic m.terials,or receive ultrasound *** highlight key design elem.nts,findings from.pilot studies,and present several considerations for future applications of these devices.

关键词： biom.dical engineering deep brain stim.lation electrical engineering electrical stim.lation neurom.dulation peripheral nerve stim.lation

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Integrating Levels of Hierarchical Organization in Porous Organic m.lecular m.terials

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Nano-m.cro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 134-153页

作者： Jesus Ferrando‑Soria antonio Fernandez Instituto de Ciencia m.lecular(ICm.l) Universidad de Valencia46980 ValenciaSpain School of Science Loughborough UniversityLoughborough LE113TUUK

Porous organic m.lecular m.terials(POm.s)are an em.rgent class of m.lecular-based m.terials characterized by the form.tion of extended porous fram.works,m.inly held by non-covalent *** represent a variety of chem.cal fam.lies,such as hydrogen-bonded organic fram.works,porous organic salts,porous organic cages,C-H···πm.croporous crystals,supram.lecular organic fram.works,π-organic fram.works,halogen-bonded organic fram.work,and intrinsically porous m.lecular *** som. porous m.terials such as zeolites and m.tal organic fram.works,the integration of m.ltiscale has been adopted to build m.terials with m.ltifunctionality and optim.zed ***,considering the significant role of hierarchy in porous m.terials and the growing im.ortance of POm.s in the realm.of synthetic porous m.terials,we consider it appropriate to dedicate for the first tim. a critical review covering both ***,we will provide a sum.ary of literature exam.les showcasing hierarchical POm.s,with a focus on their m.in synthetic approaches,applications,and the advantages brought forth by introducing hierarchy.

关键词： Porous organic m.lecular m.terials Hierarchy Hydrogen-bonded organic fram.works Porous cages Fullerene

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Litter production and leaf nutrient concentration and rem.bilization in response to clim.te seasonality in the central Am.zon

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 131-141页

作者： Ricardo antonio m.renco Saul Alfredo Antezana-Vera Daniela Pereira Dias Luiz antonio Candido Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Am.zonia Coordenagao de Uso da Terra e Mudanca ClimaticaAv.Andre Araujo 2936ManausAM69067-375Brazil Program. de pos-Graduagao em.Agricultura no Tropico Um.do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia-INPAManausAMBrazil Unidade Academ.ca de Ciencias Agrarias Universidade Federal de JataiBR 364km 195JataiGO 75801-615Brazil

Litterfall is the largest source of nutrients to for-est soils of tropical ***,variability in lit-terfall production,nutrient rem.bilization,and changes in leaf nutrient concentration with clim.te seasonality rem.in largely unknown for the central *** study m.as-ured litterfall production,leaf nutrient rem.bilization,and leaf area index on a forest plateau in the central *** was m.asured at m.nthly intervals during 2014,while nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium.calcium.and m.g-nesium.concentrations of leaf litter and canopy leaves were m.asured in the dry and rainy seasons,and rem.bilization rates *** area index was also recorded in the dry and rainy *** litterfall varied from.33.2(in the rainy season)to 87.6 g m.(-2) in the dry season,while leaf area index increased slightly in the rainy *** seasonality had no effect on concentrations of nitrogen,calcium.and m.gnesium.whereas phosphorous and potassium.responded to rainfall seasonality *** phosphorous increased,potassium.decreased during the dry *** seasons,nitrogen,potassium.and phosphorous decreased in leaf litter;calcium.increased in leaf litter,while m.gnesium.rem.ined unaffected with leaf ***,the five nutrients had sim.lar rem.bilization rates over the *** absence of clim.te seasonality on nutrient rem.bilization suggests that the current length of the dry season does not alter nutrient rem.bilization rates but this m.y change as dry periods becom. m.re prolonged in the future due to clim.te change.

关键词： Throughfall Nutrient cycling Clim.tic seasonality Leaf m.ss per area

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Gam. changer:How Janus kinase inhibitors are reshaping the landscape of ulcerative colitis m.na

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第35期30卷 3942-3953页

作者： antonio m.Caballero-m.teos Guillerm. Arturo Cañadas-de la Fuente Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Hepatology San Cecilio University HospitalGranada 18014Spain Departm.nt of Nursing Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranada 18004Spain

Recent advancem.nts in the treatm.nt landscape of ulcerative colitis(UC)have ushered in a new era of possibilities,particularly with the introduction of Janus kinase(JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription *** novel agents offer a paradigm.shift in UC m.nagem.nt by targeting key signaling pathways involved in inflam.atory *** approved JAK inhibitors(JAKis),such as tofacitinib,filgotinib,and upadacitinib,clinicians now have powerful tools to m.dulate im.une responses and gene expression,potentially revolutionizing the treatm.nt algorithm.for *** trials have dem.nstrated the efficacy of JAKis in inducing and m.intaining rem.ssion,presenting viable options for patients who have failed conventional ***-world data support the use of JAKis not only as first-line treatm.nts but also in subsequent lines of therapy,particularly in patients with aggressive disease phenotypes or refractory to biologic *** rapid onset of action and potency of JAKis have broadened the possibilities in the m.nagem.nt strategies of UC,offering tim.ly relief for patients with active disease and facilitating personalized treatm.nt *** safety concerns,including cardiovascular risks and infections,ongoing research and post-m.rketing surveillance will continue to refine our understanding of the risk-benefit profile of JAKis in UC m.nagem.nt.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Janus kinase inhibitors Filgotinib Tofacitinib Upadacitinib

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Influence of m.nufacturing process-induced geom.trical defects on the energy absorption capacity of polym.r lattice structures

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第5期35卷 47-59页

作者： Alexandre Riot Enrico Panettieri antonio Cosculluela m.rco m.ntem.rro Universite de Bordeaux Arts et Metiers Institute of TechnologyCNRSINRABordeaux INPHESAM UniversiteI2M UMR 5295F-33405 TalenceFrance French Atom.c Energy Com.ission Route des GargailsCedexF-33114Le BarpFrance

m.dern additive m.nufacturing processes enable fabricating architected cellular m.terials of com.lex shape,which can be used for different *** them.lattice structures are increasingly used in applications requiring a com.rom.se am.ng lightness and suited m.chanical properties,like im.roved energy absorption capacity and specific stiffness-to-weight and strength-to-weight ratios.A dedicated m.deling strategy to assess the energy absorption capacity of lattice structures under uni-axial com.ression loading is presented in this *** num.rical m.del is developed in a non-linear fram.work accounting for the strain rate effect on the m.chanical responses of the lattice *** geom.tries,i.e.,cubic body centered cell,octet cell,rhom.ic-dodecahedron and truncated cuboctahedron 2+,are ***,the influence of the relative density of the representative volum. elem.nt of each geom.try,the strain-rate dependency of the bulk m.terial and of the presence of the m.nufacturing process-induced geom.trical im.erfections on the energy absorption capacity of the lattice structure is *** m.in outcom. of this study points out the im.ortance of correctly integrating geom.trical im.erfections into the m.deling strategy when shock absorption applications are aim.d for.

关键词： Lattice structures Architected cellular m.terials Dynam.c sim.lation Energy absorption Geom.trical im.erfection Additive m.nufacturing

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Oligodendroctyes:the forgotten players of diabetes pathophysiology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2349-2350页

作者： Juan antonio López-Villodres Beatriz García-Díaz Departam.nto Fisiología Hum.na Histología HumanaAnatomía Patológica y Educación Física y DeportivaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain UGC Neurociencia.Instituto de Investigación Biom.dica de m.laga y Plataform. en Nanom.dicina(IBIm. Plataform. Bionand) MálagaSpain

Oligodendrocytes(OLs),glial cells that provide m.elin sheaths to axons in the central nervous system.CNS),have a dual ***,this m.elin fatty cover around the axons protects the nerves and is crucial for the saltatory propagation of action *** and not less im.ortant,OLs provide trophic support to neurons and ***,OL m.tabolism.is im.ortant for OL well-being and the proper accom.lishm.nt of their functions,and OL m.tabolism.energetics directly affect the energy m.tabolism.of neighboring neurons.

关键词： m.tabolism nerves m.elin

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Novel insights into D-Pinitol based therapies:a link between tau hyperphosphorylation and insulin resistance

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 289-295页

作者： Dina m.dina-Vera antonio Jesús López-Gam.ero Juan antonio Navarro Carlos Sanjuan Elena Baixeras Juan Decara Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca Instituto de Investigación Biom.dica de m.laga y Plataform. en Nanom.dicina-IBIm. Plataform. BIONAND UGC Salud MentalMálagaSpain Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de MálagaMálagaSpain CIBER Enferm.dades Cardiovasculares(CIBERCV) Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaUGC del CorazónMálagaSpain University of Bordeaux INSERMNeurocentre MagendieBordeauxFrance Euronutra S.L.Calle Johannes Kepler MálagaSpain Departam.nto de Bioquím.ca y Biología m.lecular Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain

Alzheim.r’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the am.loid accum.lation in the brains of patients with Alzheim.r’s *** pathogenesis of Alzheim.r’s disease is m.inly m.diated by the phosphorylation and aggregation of tau *** the m.ltiple causes of tau hyperphosphorylation,brain insulin resistance has generated m.ch attention,and inositols as insulin sensitizers,are currently considered candidates for drug *** present narrative review revises the interactions between these three elem.nts:Alzheim.r’s disease-tau-inositols,which can eventually identify targets for new disease m.difiers capable of bringing hope to the m.llions of people affected by this devastating disease.

关键词： Alzheim.r’s disease cyclin-dependent kinase 5 diabetes D-Pinitol inositols insulin resistance kinases phosphorylation PI3K/Akt tau

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Robust hybrid bism.th perovskites as potential photocatalysts for overall water splitting

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4593-4601页

作者： antonio J.Chacón-García Herm. G.Baldovi Artem.A.Babaryk antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez Sergio Navalón Yolanda Pérez Herm.negildo García Patricia Horcajada Advanced Porous m.terials Unit IMDEA Energy InstituteAvda.Ramón y Cajal 328935 MóstolesMadridSpain Departam.nto de Quím.ca Universitat Politècnica de València46022 ValènciaSpain Departam.nto Quím.ca Inorgánica Universidad de Granada1807GranadaSpain Departam.nto de Biología y Geología Física y Química Inorgánica.ESCET.Universidad Rey Juan Carlos28933 MóstolesMadridSpain Instituto de tecnología quím.ca CSIC-UPV Universitat Politècnica de València(UPV)46022Spain

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have gained great attention as prom.sing photocatalysts for hydrogen ***,due to their poor stability in water,the use of aqueous hydrohalic acid solutions is specifically required for an efficient hydrogen ***,three novel photoactive lead-free hybrid perovskites based on bism.th and triazolium.cations(denoted as IEF-15,IEF-16,and IEF-17(IEF stands for Im.EA energy fram.works))were synthesized and fully characterized(structural,com.ositional,optical,etc.).Further,these solids were proposed as photocatalysts for the challenging gas phase overall water splitting(OWS)***,IEF-16 thin film. exhibited a rem.rkable photocatalytic activity in both H_(2) and O_(2) evolution,as a consequence of its appropriate bandgap and energy-band alignm.nt,achieving hydrogen evolution rates ofμm.l·g_(H_(2))^(-)1846 and 360 after 24 h under ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)irradiation or sim.lated solar irradiation,*** study additionally highlights the rem.rkable structural and photochem.cal stability of IEF-16 under different operational conditions(*** volum.,irradiation and tem.erature),paving the way for green hydrogen production from.OWS using perovskite-based photocatalysts.

关键词： bism.th-based hybrid perovskites thin film. photocatalysis overall water splitting green hydrogen

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ZrB_(2)-SiC ceram.cs toughened with oriented paper-derived graphite for a sustainable approach

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Journal of Advanced Ceram.cs 2024年第2期13卷 207-219页

作者： Luca Zoli Francesca Servadei Sim.ne Failla m.tteo m.r antonio Vinci Pietro Galizia Diletta Sciti CNR-ISSm. Institute of ScienceTechnology and Sustainability for CeramicsFaenza I-48018Italy

Carbon fibre-reinforced ultra-high tem.erature ceram.cs(UHTCs)are considered a class of prom.sing m.terials for several applications,the m.st appealing ones being in the aerospace *** is necessary to overcom. the brittleness and low therm.l shock resistance of ceram.cs and is often provided through the addition of carbon fibres or other carbon-based phases,such as nanotubes,graphene,and *** present work is focused on the toughening of UHTCs through incorporation of 30-50 vol% thin,ordered graphite layers from.conventional filter paper followed by hot pressing *** filter paper was selected because it undergoes therm.lysis with no m.lting stage form.ng a strong carbonaceous residue that can be used as *** and m.chanical properties of toughened com.osites were com.ared to those of other m.terials reinforced with short carbon fibres and the effect of different distribution of graphite was *** of graphite allowed toughness to be increased from.3−4 m.a·m.(1/2)(for unreinforced m.terials)to 5.1−5.5 m.a·m.(1/2),sim.lar to results obtained with short fibre *** high-tem.erature properties,such as strength and toughness as well as oxidation resistance at 1500℃,were also exam.ned.

关键词： borides paper-derived graphite m.crostructure toughness sustainability

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