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多/全电飞机用高速开关磁阻起动/发电机优化控制(英文)

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电工技术学报 2010年第4期25卷 44-52页

作者：宋受俊刘卫国 Uwe schaefer 西北工业大学西安710072 柏林工业大学柏林10587

介绍了开关磁阻起动/发电(SRS/G)系统的应用背景,对系统的性能要求进行了描述,并给出了一台30kW开关磁阻电机(SRM)的定、转子叠片结构及尺寸。基于以上工作,对SRM的优化控制方法进行了研究:在起动阶段,SRM运行在电动状态,以平均转矩最... 详细信息

介绍了开关磁阻起动/发电(SRS/G)系统的应用背景,对系统的性能要求进行了描述,并给出了一台30kW开关磁阻电机(SRM)的定、转子叠片结构及尺寸。基于以上工作,对SRM的优化控制方法进行了研究:在起动阶段,SRM运行在电动状态,以平均转矩最大化作为优化目标,对包括解析、数值及浮角在内的三种优化控制方法进行了深入的研究,并对它们的优化结果进行了详细的比较及分析;在发电阶段,SRM运行在发电状态,以特定输出功率下的系统效率最大化作为优化目标,得到了使主功率损耗最小的优化励磁角。

关键词：多/全电飞机(M/A EA) 集成起动/发电机(IS/G) 开关磁阻电机(SRM) 优化励磁平均转矩效率最大化

Differential effects on apoptosis induction in hepatocyte lines by stable expression of hepatitis B virus X protein

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第29期12卷 4673-4682页

作者： Nicola Fiedler Ellen Quant Ludger Fink Jianguang Sun Ralph Schuster Wolfram H Gerlich Stephan schaefer Institut for Medizinische Virologie Justus-LiebigUniversitat Frankfurter Str. 107 D-35392 GieBen Germany Abteilung fǖr Innere Medizin Christian AlbrechtUniversitat Kiel Germany Zentrum fǖr Innere Medizin Justus-LiebigUniversitat GieBen Germany Abteilung Virologie Universitat Rostock Schillingallee 70 18055 Rostock Germany Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China

AIM： Hepatitis B virus protein X （HBx） has been shown to be weakly oncogenic in vitro. The transforming activities of HBx have been linked with the inhibition of several functions of the tumor suppressor p53. We have studied whether HBx may have different effects on p53 depending on the cell type. METHODS： We used the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and the immortalized murine hepatocyte line AML12 and analyzed stably transfected clones which expressed physiological amounts of HBx. P53 was induced by UV irradiation.RESULTS： The p53 induction by UV irradiation was unaffected by stable expression of HBx. However, the expression of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21^waf/cip/sdi which gets activated by p53 was affected in the HBx transformed cell line AML12-HBx9, but not in HepG2. In AML-HBx9 cells, p21^waf/ciP/sdi -protein expression and p21^waf/dip/sdi transcription were deregulated. Furthermore, the process of apoptosis was affected in opposite ways in the two cell lines investigated. While stable expression of HBx enhanced apoptosis induced by UV irradiation in HepG2-cells, apoptosis was decreased in HBx transformed AML12-HBx9. P53 repressed transcription from the HBV enhancer I, when expressed from expression vectors or after induction of endogenous p53 by UV irradiation. Repression by endogenous p53 was partially reversible by stably expressed HBx in both cell lines.CONCLUSION： Stable expression of HBx leads to deregulation of apoptosis induced by UV irradiation depending on the cell line used. In an immortalized hepatocyte line HBx acted anti-apoptotic whereas expression in a carcinoma derived hepatocyte line HBx enhanced apoptosis.

关键词： Apoptosis Hepatitis B virus Hepatocyte lines

Effects of retrospective quality control on pressure-flow data with computer-based urodynamic systems from men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第6期9卷 771-780页

作者： Li-Min Liao Werner schaefer Department of Urology China Rehabilitation Research Center Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine Beijing 100068 China Continence Research Unit Division of Geriatric Medicine University of Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

Aim： To evaluate the effects of retrospective quality control on pressure-flow data with computer-based urodynamic systems from men with benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. Methods： A total of 582 traces of pressure-flow study from 181 men with BPH was included in the study. For each trace, maximum urinary flow rate （Qmax） and detrusor pressure at Qmax （***） were, respectively, read from manually smoothed and corrected uroflow and detrusor pressure curves from the computer print-outs. Obstruction coefficient, International Continence Society （ICS） and schaefer nomograms were used to detect urethral resistance and to diagnose obstruction. The results obtained by manual reading were compared with those from computer-based systems. Results： After manual correction, Qmax underwent a consistently significant decrease by 1.2 mL/s on average （P 〈 0.001）, and had a change range of 0.5-10.4 mL/s. However, *** underwent inconsistently intra-individual changes after correction. The obstruction coefficient increased significantly, by an average of 0.07 （P 〈 0.05）. Using the ICS nomogram, the percentage of obstruction increased from 69.8% to 73.9%, and of the non-obstruction decreased from 8.8% to 5.3% （P 〈 0.05）. There were 11% of traces that changed the classifications using the ICS nomogram, and 28.9% that changed the grades for the schaefer nomogram. Conclusion： Systematically significant differences in parameters from pres- sure-flow study between manual readings and computer recordings were demonstrated. Manual correction resulted in a consistently lower Q a higher urethral resistance, and an aggravating obstruction. Manual readings can correct considerable false diagnoses for obstruction. Retrospective quality control of pressure-flow data with com- puter-based systems is necessary.

关键词： benign prostatic hyperplasia pressure-flow study quality control

Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on interaction between bladder compliance and outflow obstruction in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第1期9卷 51-56页

作者： Li-Min Liao Werner schaefer Department of Urology China Rehabilitation Research Center Rehabilitation College of Capital Medical University Beijing 100068 China Continence Research Unit Division of Geriatric Medicine University of Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

Aim： To explore the interaction between bladder compliance （BC） and bladder outflow obstruction （BOO） in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） using cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Methods： A total of 181 men with BPH were recruited, and 100 of them were followed for one year. Cystometry was performed in a standing or a sitting position with 30 mL/min infusion. BC was manually corrected and defined. Obstruction coefficient （OCO）, linear passive urethral resistance relation and international continence society （ICS） nomogram were used to diagnose BOO. The obstructed parameters were compared between the reduced BC group and the non-reduced group. BC was compared between the first investigation at the beginning of study and the second investigation at the end of study during the one-year follow-up period. Results： The group with reduced BC had increased OCO and linear passive urethral resistance relation. BC was significantly lower in the obstructed group （55.7 mL/cm water） than that in unobstructed and equivocal one （74.9 mL/cm water, P 〈 0.01）. BC gradually reduced with the increased obstructed grade. There was a significantly weak negative correlation between BC and OCO （r = - 0.132, P 〈 0.01）. Over the one-year follow-up period in the longitudinal study, BC for all men changed from 54.4 to 48.8 mL/cm water （P 〉 0.05）, and BC for the group with BOO fell from 58.4 ± 70.1 to 46.5 ± 38.7 mL/cm water （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： In men with BPH, a significant systematic decrease occurred in BC in the obstructed group and a significant systematic increase with urethral resistance occurred in the low BC group. A longitudinal study of the tendency of BC reduction in a group with BOO is necessary in the future.

关键词： benign prostatic hyperplasia bladder compliance bladder outflow obstruction

A cop1 spa Mutant Deficient in COP1 and SPA Proteins Reveals Partial Co-Action of COP1 and SPA during Arabidopsis Post-Embryonic Development and Photomorphogenesis

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Molecular Plant 2015年第3期8卷 479-481页

作者： Natalia Ordonez-Herrera Petra Fackendahl Xu Yu Sabine schaefer Csaba Koncz Ute Hoecker Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Biocenter University of Cologne Zülpicher Strasse 47b 50674 Cologne Germany Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Carl-von-Linné Weg 10 50829 Cologne Germany Institute of Plant Biology Biological Research Center of Hungarian Academy of Sciences Temesvari krt. 62 H-6726 Szeged Hungary

Dear Editor,The Arabidopsis CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1/ SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 （COP1/SPA） complex is a key repressor of light signaling that inhibits light responses in dark- ness. It acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which ubiquitinates posi- tively acting light-signaling intermediates, mainly transcription factors, thereby targeting them for proteolytic degradation by the 26S proteasome. In the light, photoreceptors directly interact with the COP1/SPA complex, leading to its inactivation, which subsequently allows the target transcription factors to accumu- late and initiate vast reprogramming of gene expression （Huang et al., 2014）.

关键词： COP1 SPA 蛋白质拟南芥光形态建成胚胎发育突变体 26S蛋白酶体

Growth of Large-Area Single- and Bi-Layer Graphene by Controlled Carbon Precipitation on Polycrystalline Ni Surfaces

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Nano Research 2009年第6期2卷 509-516页

作者： Alfonso Reina Stefan Thiele Xiaoting Jia Sreekar Bhaviripudi Mildred S.Dresselhaus Juergen A.schaefer Jing Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Institut für Physik and Institut für Mikro-und Nanotechnologien Technische Universität IlmenauIlmenau 98684Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA

We report graphene films composed mostly of one or two layers of graphene grown by controlled carbon precipitation on the surface of polycrystalline Ni thin films during atmospheric chemical vapor deposition(CVD).Controlling both the methane concentration during CVD and the substrate cooling rate during graphene growth can signifi cantly improve the thickness *** a result,one-or two-layer graphene regions occupy up to 87%of the fi lm *** layer coverage accounts for 5%11%of the overall fi *** regions expand across multiple grain boundaries of the underlying polycrystalline Ni fi *** number density of sites with multilayer graphene/graphite(>2 layers)is reduced as the cooling rate *** fi lms can also be transferred to other substrates and their sizes are only limited by the sizes of the Ni fi lm and the CVD ***,we demonstrate the formation of fi lms as large as 1 in^(2).These fi ndings represent an important step towards the fabrication of large-scale high-quality graphene samples.

关键词： Graphene chemical vapor deposition nickel catalyst carbon nanomaterials

Linking ectomycorrhizal mushroom species richness and composition with dominant trees in a tropical seasonal rainforest

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Studies in Fungi 2020年第1期5卷 471-484页

作者： Ediriweera AN Karunarathna SC Xu J Bandara SMGS Gamage A schaefer DA 无 CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201China Department of Biosystems Technology Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of Ruhuna Department of Economics Faculty of Humanities and Social SciencesUniversity of RuhunaSri Lanka Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Ruhuna

Vegetation,elevation gradient and soil temperature are considered as major drivers of ECM fungi species *** sporocarps were collected during rainy seasons for two years to study the link between the distribution of ECM mushrooms with Castonopsis echinocarpa,Parashorea chinensis,and Pittosporopsis kerrii with varying elevations and soil temperatures,in a tropical rain forest Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,*** each tree species,60 trees of approximately the same size were selected,where half of them were growing at higher elevation levels and the rest at lower *** highest total counts of ECM fungi,as well as the highest species richness were produced by *** followed by *** and *** species richness was shown in September by ***,while *** trees had the lowest count of mushrooms across rainy *** of Boletales were recorded with highest species richness followed by species of order Agaricales around both *** and *** fungi count declined with increased ***,fungi species richness increased positively with increased soil temperature in a tropical seasonal rainforest.

关键词： Ectomycorrhizal fungi elevation soil temperature diversity Xishuangbanna

Marked elevation of B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2014年第4期28卷 255-261页

作者： Samuel Tate Andrea Griem Blythe Durbin-Johnson Clifton Watt Saul schaefer Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA Department of Public Health Sciences Division of BiostatisticsUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA Cardiology Section Department of Veteran AffairsNorthern California Health Care SystemMatherCAUSA

Marked elevations of B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP） are not generally seen in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction （HFpEF）. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical and laboratory characteristics of a large cohort of patients with HFpEF and markedly elevated BNP. A retrospective examination of 421 inpatients at a university hospital admitted with a diagnosis of HFpEF was performed. Clinical and echocardiographic data in 4 groups of patients with levels of BNP ≤ 100 pg/mL, 100-400 pg/mL, 400-1,000 pg/mL and 〉 1,000 pg/mL were compared. Patients with HFpEF and BNP 〉 1,000 pg/mL （28% of the population） were characterized by impaired renal function and greater use of anti-hypertensive medications. A subset of these patients with BNP 〉 1,000 pg/mL had normal renal function （21%） and were significantly older, more frequently female, and tended to have lower ejection fractions. Conversely, patients with HFpEF and BNP ≤100 pg/mL were younger and had preserved renal function. BNP was inversely related to the likelihood of subsequent admission for heart failure, but not to myocardial infarction or death. In conclusion： BNP 〉 1,000 pg/mL is seen in almost 1/3 of patients hospitalized with HFpEF. This elevation of BNP often reflects impaired renal function, but can also be seen in patients with preserved renal function but relatively impaired systolic function.

关键词： B-type natriuretic peptide diastolic heart failure chronic kidney disease

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Moving Beyond Coper

ChinAfrica 2013年第9期5卷 42-43页

作者： Simon schaefer senior analyst at Frontier Advisory

Zambia＇s agricultural sector is gearing up to provide ample investment opportunities THINK of Zambia and what it produces and chances *** first thought that comes to mind is the country＇s rich copper mining ***,in terms of contribution to GDP,the nation＇s agricultural sector is more important than its relatively mature mining sector and presents attractive investment opportunities.

关键词： In Moving Beyond Coper DRC CEC