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The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the USA: A Non-Linear ARDL Bounds Test Approach

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Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第3期9卷 170-186页

作者： Arzu Tay Bayramoglu ertugrul yildirim Department of Economics Zonguldak Turkey

We study the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the case of USA by using an asymmetric ARDL bounds test approach to achieve the actual model. The quarterly data set covers the period of 1973:1- 2013:4. The findings indicate that the effect of energy consumption is asymmetric in the long term but not in the short term. In the long run, the effect of negative component of energy consumption on economic growth is small and statistically insignificant. The coefficient of the positive component of energy consumption is found about 0.9 and statistically significant at 1% level. We conclude that energy saving policies such as technological progress and organizational rearrangements may have the dimmer effect for the impact of a negative component of energy consumption and the booster effect for impact of the positive component of energy consumption. Thus, energy saving policy should be tightly followed by the goal of high economic growth.

关键词： Energy Consumption Economic Growth Non-Linear ARDL Bounds Test USA

The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the USA: A Non-Linear ARDL Bounds Test Approach

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Prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome and its association with ocular and systemic diseases in Eskisehir,Turkey

Energy and Power Engineering（能源与动力工程） 2017年第3期

作者： Arzu Tay Bayramoglu ertugrul yildirim

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第1期10卷 128-134页

作者： Nilgun yildirim Erdogan Yasar Huseyin Gursoy ertugrul Colak Department of Ophthalmology Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical FacultyEskisehir 26180Turkey Department of Biostatistics Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical FacultyEskisehir 26180Turkey

AIM： To investigate the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome （PEX） and its associations with ocular and systemic diseases in a population sample aged over 40y. METHODS： A total of 2356 subjects were randomly chosen for the sample population based on the database of the Turkish Statistical Agency in Eskisehir. Of the invited 2356 subjects, 2017 subjects participated, out of which 2009 were eligible for the study. Systemic diseases, drug use, smoking and body mass index were assessed using questionnaires. Measurements of central corneal thickness （CCT）, anterior chamber depth （ACD） and intraocular pressure （IOP） were performed during June to December, 2015. After pupillary dilation, the anterior segment and lenses were evaluated using a slit ***： Prevalence of PEX in this sample was 5.0% （n=100）. Of patients with PEX, 26% also had glaucoma. Incidence of cataracts, and using drugs for hypertension, cardiac and psychiatric conditions was higher in patients with PEX compared to normal cases （P〈0.05）. Hearing loss was more common in PEX cases （34.0% vs 5.4%; P〈0.001）. The mean CCT, ACD and IOP were not significantly different between PEX and non-PEX ***： This study is the first population-based, randomized trial in Turkey. Prevalence of PEX in patients over 40 years old was found to be 5.0%. Besides glaucoma and cataract, hypertension, hearing loss, using drugs for cardiac and psychiatric diseases were associated with PEX.

关键词： pseudoexfoliation syndrome pseudoexfoliation glaucoma prevalence of pseudoexfoliation systemic disease Turkey

Comparison of Goldmann applanation tonometry,rebound tonometry and dynamic contour tonometry in normal and glaucomatous eyes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第2期8卷 299-304页

作者： Fatih Ozcura Nilgün yildirim Afsun Sahin ertugrul Colak Department of Ophthalmology Dumlupinar University School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine

AIM: To compare the intraocular pressure(IOP)measurements obtained with the rebound tonometry(RT), dynamic contour tonometry(DCT) and Goldmann applanation tonometry(GAT) in normal and glaucomatous eyes and investigate the effects of central corneal thickness(CCT) and corneal curvature(CC) on IOP ***: One hundred and twenty-four eyes of 124 subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional ***-six of participants were healthy individuals and 68 of them were glaucomatous patients. IOP was measured on each subject always in the same order, ICare RT-Pascal DCT-GAT, after a minimum interval of 10 min between measurements. CCT and CC were measured using a rotating Scheimpflug camera before the IOP measurements in all subjects. One way repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis, and Bland-Altman analysis was used for the statistical ***: Mean IOP for all enrolled eyes was 16.00±3.80 mm Hg for GAT, 16.99 ±4.91 mm Hg for RT, and20.40 ±4.44 mm Hg for DCT. Mean differences between GAT and RT was-1.75±3.41 mm Hg in normal(P <0.001)and-0.37 ±3.00 mm Hg in glaucomatous eyes(P =0.563).Mean differences between GAT and DCT was-4.06 ±3.42 mm Hg in normal(P < 0.001) and-4.67 ±3.12 mm Hg in glaucomatous eyes(P <0.001). GAT and RT were significantly positive correlated with CCT in normal(r2=0.101, P =0.017 and r2=0.331, P <0.001, respectively) and glaucomatous eyes(r2=0.084, P =0.016 and r2=0.123,P =0.003, respectively). DCT was also significantly positive correlated with CCT in normal eyes( r2=0.179,P =0.001) but not in glaucomatous eyes(r2=0.029, P =0.165).All tonometers were unaffected by ***: IOP measurements by RT and DCT were significantly higher than GAT. DCT has highest IOP measurements among these tonometers. RT was most influenced tonometer from CCT although all tonometers were significantly positive correlated with CCT except DCT in glaucomatous eyes. CC did not influence IOP meas

关键词： central corneal thickness corneal curvature glaucoma tonometry

Reconfigurable intelligent surface-empowered MIMO systems

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 11-12页

作者： ertugrul Basar Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Koc University

Fifth-generation(5G) wireless networks,which are being deployed massively worldwide these days, provide higher flexibility and spectrum/energy efficiency compared with their earlier counterparts. However, sixth-generation(6G) wireless networks that are expected to roll out in around 2030 will require more radical communication paradigms,especially at the physical layer of the communication stack.

关键词： TRANSMISSION DESIGN

Analysis of the forest fires in the Antalya region of Turkey using the Keetch–Byram drought index

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第4期27卷 811-819页

作者： Tugrul Varol Mertol ertugrul Forest Engineering Department Faculty of Forestry Bart?n University

We investigated the correlation of large fires（[300 ha） from 1992 to 2013 within the borders of the Antalya Regional Directorate of Forestry using the Keetch–Byram drought index（KBDI）. Daily KBDI values were calculated for each year, and values for the period before the year 2000 differed significantly from those after2000. After 2000（large fires occurred in 2004, 2006, 2007,2008, 2010, and 2013）, when KBDI values increased, the KBDI, but not the number of fires, was inversely correlated with the natural log of the burned area（NLBA）. While there were both high and low KBDI values when the NLBA was small, only high KBDI values were associated with high NLBA values. Particularly for logarithmic values of 4 and higher, KBDI values increased in parallel with increases in NLBA values. On the basis of a Mann–Whitney U test done in addition to a Pearson correlation test, we found that when the burned areas were grouped according to small and large areas, the KBDI could be used to distinguish the two groups. Using a conditional probability analysis, we found that 4th, 5th and 6th class KBDI values may lead to large fires at the 60 % ***, the possibility of large fires greater than the median burned area in any given 6 years was found to be48 %. In addition, while the mean value of KBDI is 390.51 for the period from May to September for these 6 years, it is 359.93 for the other years. Consequently, the area burned also increased as the KBDI classes（Class 0： 0–99, Class 1：100–199, Class 2： 200–299, Class 3： 300–399, Class 4：400–499, Class 5： 500–599, Class 6： 600–699, and Class 7：700–800） increase.

关键词： drought grouped possibility distinguish median Turkey conditional explained moisture ranged

Vasoactive intestinal peptide,a promising agent for myopia?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第2期10卷 211-216页

作者： Ayse Idil Cakmak Hikmet Basmak Huseyin Gursoy Mete Ozkurt Nilgun yildirim Nilufer Erkasap Mustafa Deger Bilgec Nese Tuncel ertugrul Colak Department of Ophthalmology Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical FacultyEskisehir 26180Turkey Department of Physiology Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical FacultyEskisehir 26180Turkey Department of Biostatistics Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical FacultyEskisehir 26180Turkey

AIM： To investigate the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide（VIP） in form-deprivation myopia（FDM）.METHODS： FDM was created in three groups of eight chicks by placing a translucent diffuser on their right *** injections of saline and VIP were applied once a day into the occluded eyes of groups 2 and 3,*** and axial length（AL） measurements were performed on the first and 8^th days of diffuser *** retina mR NA levels of the VIP receptors and the ZENK protein in right eyes of the three groups and left eyes of the first group on day 8 were determined using real time polymerase chain reaction（PCR）.RESULTS： The median final refraction（D） in right eyes were-13.75（-16.00,-12.00）,-11.50（-12.50,-7.50）,and-1.50（-4.75,-0.75） in groups 1,2,and 3,respectively（P〈0.001）.The median AL（mm） in right eyes were 10.65（10.00,11.10）,9.90（9.70,10.00）,and 9.20（9.15,9.25） in groups 1,2,and 3,respectively（P〈0.001）.The median delta-delta cycle threshold（CT） values for the VIP2 receptors were 1.07（0.82,1.43）,1.22（0.98,1.65）,0.29（0.22,0.45） in right eyes of groups 1,2,and 3,and 1.18（0.90,1.37） in left eyes of group 1,respectively（P=0.001）.The median delta-delta CT values for the ZENK protein were 1.07（0.63,5.03）,3.55（2.20,5.55）,undetectable in right eyes of groups 1,2,and 3 and 1.89（0.21,4.73） in left eyes of group 1,respectively（P=0.001）.CONCLUSION： VIP has potential inhibitory effects in the development of FDM.

关键词： vasoactive intestinal peptide form-deprivation myopia myopia chicks ZENK protein vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor

An enhanced damage plasticity model for predicting the cyclic behavior of plain concrete under multiaxial loading conditions

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第6期14卷 1531-1544页

作者： Mohammad Reza AZADI KAKAVAND ertugrul TACIROGLU Unit of Strength of Materials and Structural Analysis Institute of Basic Sciences in Engineering SciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruck 6020Austria Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering University ofCaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Some of the current concrete damage plasticity models in the literature employ a single damage variable for both the tension and compression regimes,while a few more advanced models employ two damage *** with a single variable have an inherent dificulty in accounting for the damage accrued due to tensile and compressive actions in appropriately different manners,and their mutual *** the current models that adopt two damage variables,the independence of these damage variables during cyclic loading results in the failure to capture the effects of tensile damage on the compressive behavior of concrete and *** study presents a cyclic model established by extending an existing monotonic constitutive *** model describes the cyclic behavior of concrete under multiaxial loading conditions and considers the influence of tensile/compressive damage on the compressive/tensile *** proposed model,dubbed the enhanced concrete damage plasticity model(ECDPM),is an extension of an existing model that combines the theories of classical plasticity and continuum damage *** most prior studies on models in the same category,the performance of the proposed ECDPM is evaluated using experimental data on concrete specimens at the material level obtained under cyclic multiaxial loading conditions including uniaxial tension and confined *** performance of the model is observed to be ***,the superiority of ECDPM over three previously proposed constitutive models is demonstrated through comparisons with the results of a uniaxial tension-compression test and a virtual test.

关键词： damage plasticity model plain concrete cyclic loading multiaxial loading conditions

Influence of Temperature and Frequency on Dielectric Permittivity and ac Conductivity of Au/SnO_(2)/n-Si (MOS) Structures

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第7期29卷 230-234页

作者： R.ertugrul A.Tataroglu Department of Physics Faculty of SciencesGazi University06500TeknikokullarAnkaraTurkey

The complex dielectric permit tivity (ε* =ε′-jε″ ) and ac conductivity (σac) of Au/SnO_(2)/n-Si(MOS) structures are studied using capacitance (C) and conductance (G(ω) ) measurements in a wide temperature range of 125-400 K for six different frequency *** is observed that the C and G(ω) values decrease with the increasing frequency,while they increase with the increasing *** observed nature of the C is due to the inability of the dipoles to orient in a rapidly varying electric *** experimental values of the dielectric constant ε′,dielectric loss ε",loss tangent tanδ and σac are found to be strong functions of frequency and *** values of the ε′ and ε″ are found to decrease with the increasing frequency and increase with the increasing *** σac is found to increase with the increasing frequency and *** energy (Ea),from the Arrhenius plot,is studied to discuss the conduction mechanism in a MOS structure.

关键词： temperature structure dielectric