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Coordinated Operation of Concentrating Solar Power Plant and Wind Farm for Frequency Regulation

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第4期9卷 751-759页

作者： Yuchen Fang Shuqiang Zhao ershun du Shaoyan Li Zuyi Li State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIL 60616USA

As a dispatchable renewable energy technology, the fast ramping capability of concentrating solar power (CSP) can be exploited to provide regulation services. However, frequent adjustments in real-time power output of CSP, which stems out of strategies offered by ill-designed market, may affect the durability and the profitability of the CSP plant, especially when it provides fast regulation services in a real-time operation. We propose the coordinated operation of a CSP plant and wind farm by exploiting their complementarity in accuracy and durability for providing frequency regulation. The coordinated operation can respond to regulation signals effectively and achieve a better performance than conventional thermal generators. We further propose an optimal bidding strategy for both energy and frequency regulations for the coordinated operation of CSP plant and wind farm in day-ahead market (DAM). The validity of the coordinated operation model and the proposed bidding strategy is verified by a case study including a base case and sensitivity analyses on several impacting factors in electricity markets.

关键词： Concentrating solar power wind power frequency regulation electricity market bidding strategy

Power system planning with high renewable energy penetration considering demand response

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Global Energy Interconnection 2021年第1期4卷 69-80页

作者： Peng Wang ershun du Ning Zhang Xinzhi Xu Yi Gao Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084P.R.China Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Tsinghua University Beijing 100084P.R.China Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization Beijing 100031 P.R.China Global Energy Interconnection Group Co. Ltd.Beijing 100031P.R.China

Electric system planning with high variable renewable energy(VRE)penetration levels has attracted great attention world-wide.Electricity production of VRE highly depends on the weather conditions and thus involves large variability,uncertainty,and low-capacity credit.This gives rise to significant challenges for power system planning.Currently,many solutions are proposed to address the issue of operational flexibility inadequacy,including flexibility retrofit of thermal units,inter-regional transmission,electricity energy storage,and demand response(DR).Evidently,the performance and the cost of various solutions are different.It is relevant to explore the optimal portfolio to satisfy the flexibility requirement for a renewable dominated system and the role of each flexibility source.In this study,the value of diverse DR flexibilities was examined and a stochastic investment planning model considering DR is proposed.Two types of DRs,namely interrupted DR and transferred DR,were modeled.Chronological load and renewable generation curves with 8760 hours within a whole year were reduced to 4 weekly scenarios to accelerate the optimization.Clustered unit commitment constraints for accommodating variability of renewables were incorporated.Case studies based on IEEE RTS-96 system are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the DR potential to avoid energy storage investment.

关键词： Demand response High renewable penetration Operational flexibility Power system planning

Locational Pricing of Uncertainty Based on Robust Optimization

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第6期7卷 1345-1356页

作者： Xichen Fang ershun du Kedi Zheng Jiajia Yang Qixin Chen the State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China the School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications UNSWSydneyNSW 2052Australia

With the increasing penetration of renewables,power systems have to operate with greater flexibility to address the uncertainties of renewable output.This paper develops an uncertainty locational marginal price(ULMP)mechanism to price these uncertainties.They are denoted as box deviation intervals as suggested by the market participants.The ULMP model solves a robust optimal power flow(OPF)problem to clear market bids,aiming to minimize the system cost as a prerequisite that the reserve margin can address all the relevant uncertainties.The ULMP can be obtained as a by-product of the optimization problem from the Lagrange multipliers.Under the ULMP mechanism,renewables and consumers with uncertainty will make extra payments,and the thermals and financial transmission right(FTR)holders will be compensated.It is further shown that the proposed mechanism has preferable properties,such as social efficiency,budget balance and individual rationality.Numerical tests are conducted on the modified IEEE 5-bus and 118-bus systems to demonstrate the merits and applicability of the proposed mechanism.

关键词： Electricity market locational marginal price(LMP) mechanism design robust optimization uncertainty pricing

Flexibility improvement evaluation of hydrogen storage based on electricity-hydrogen coupled energy model

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Global Energy Interconnection 2021年第4期4卷 371-383页

作者： Chen Jin Jinyu Xiao Jinming Hou Xiaoqing Wu Jinxuan Zhang ershun du Global Energy Interconnection Group Co. Ltd.Beijing 100031P.R.China Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education Jinan 250061P.R.China Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084P.R.China

To achieve carbon neutrality by 2060,decarbonization in the energy sector is crucial.Hydrogen is expected to be vital for achieving the aim of carbon neutrality for two reasons:use of power-to-hydrogen(P2H)can avoid carbon emissions from hydrogen production,which is traditionally performed using fossil fuels;Hydrogen from P2H can be stored for long durations in large scales and then delivered as industrial raw material or fed back to the power system depending on the demand.In this study,we focus on the analysis and evaluation of hydrogen value in terms of improvement in the flexibility of the energy system,particularly that derived from hydrogen storage.An electricity-hydrogen coupled energy model is proposed to realize the hourly-level operation simulation and capacity planning optimization aiming at the lowest cost of energy.Based on this model and considering Northwest China as the region of study,the potential of improvement in the flexibility of hydrogen storage is determined through optimization calculations in a series of study cases with various hydrogen demand levels.The results of the quantitative calculations prove that effective hydrogen storage can improve the system flexibility by promoting the energy demand balance over a long term,contributing toward reducing the investment cost of both generators and battery storage and thus the total energy cost.This advantage can be further improved when the hydrogen demand rises.However,a cost reduction by 20%is required for hydrogen-related technologies to initiate hydrogen storage as long-term energy storage for power systems.This study provides a suggestion and reference for the advancement and planning of hydrogen storage development in regions with rich sources of renewable energy.

关键词： Hydrogen storage Electricity-hydrogen coupling Optimization model Power-to-Hydrogen Carbon neutrality

Adjustable and distributionally robust chance-constrained economic dispatch considering wind power uncertainty

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第3期7卷 658-664页

作者： Xin FANG Bri-Mathias HODGE Fangxing LI ershun du Chongqing KANG National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO80401USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

This paper proposes an adjustable and distributionally robust chance-constrained(ADRCC) optimal power flow(OPF) model for economic dispatch considering wind power forecasting uncertainty. The proposed ADRCC-OPF model is distributionally robust because the uncertainties of the wind power forecasting are represented only by their first-and second-order moments instead of a specific distribution assumption. The proposed model is adjustable because it is formulated as a second-order cone programming(SOCP) model with an adjustable coefficient.This coefficient can control the robustness of the chance constraints, which may be set up for the Gaussian distribution, symmetrically distributional robustness, or distributionally robust cases considering wind forecasting uncertainty. The conservativeness of the ADRCC-OPF model is analyzed and compared with the actual distribution data of wind forecasting error. The system operators can choose an appropriate adjustable coefficient to tradeoff between the economics and system security.

关键词： Economic dispatch Adjustable and distributionally robust chance-constrained(ADRCC) optimization Wind power forecasting Uncertainty

Constructing a V2G-enabled Regional Energy Internet for Cost-efficient Carbon Trading

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2020年第1期6卷 31-40页

作者： Jianxiao Wang Zhaoyuan Wu ershun du Ming Zhou Gengyin Li Yining Zhang Le Yu School of Electrical and Electronic En-gineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China State Key Lab of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Zhidao Hechuang Tech Co.Ltd. Beijing 100101China

The increasing penetration of plug-in electric ve- hicles (PEVs) has highlighted the importance of coordinating ubiquitous distributed energy resources (DERs) via the internet of things (IoT).With the help of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, PEVs can be aggregated to behave as a storage system, yielding both economic and environmental benefits. In this paper, we propose an optimal bidding framework for a V2G-enabled re- gional energy internet (REI) to participate in day-ahead markets considering carbon trading. The REI operator aims to maximize the net profits from day-ahead markets while anticipating real- time adjustments. A detailed battery model is developed to depict the charging and discharging capability of V2G-enabled PEVs. A two-stage stochastic optimization model is formulated to schedule the operation of PEV fleets against various sources of uncertainties, e.g., the arrival and departure time of PEVs, solar power and real-time prices. Case studies undertaken based on realistic datasets demonstrate that the coordination of the V2G- enabled PEVs and other DERs can facilitate the accommodation of renewable energy, thus improving the REI’s revenues in energy and carbon markets.

关键词： Carbon trading internet of things market bidding regional energy internet vehicle-to-grid

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太阳能光热发电并网的综合效益量化评估方法

中国电机工程学报 2024年第13期44卷 5135-5147页

作者：方宇晨杜尔顺余扬昊姜海洋戴璟张宁清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系低碳能源实验室(清华大学)

构建新型电力系统，是实现“双碳”目标的关键抓手。强随机性与低惯量特性将成为新型电力系统的重要特征。相比风电、光伏发电技术，太阳能光热发电技术集成太阳能利用、旋转同步发电机与高性价比的大容量储热为一体，是具有灵活调节能... 详细信息

构建新型电力系统，是实现“双碳”目标的关键抓手。强随机性与低惯量特性将成为新型电力系统的重要特征。相比风电、光伏发电技术，太阳能光热发电技术集成太阳能利用、旋转同步发电机与高性价比的大容量储热为一体，是具有灵活调节能力与旋转惯量支撑的清洁发电技术，可在电力系统中承担与火电相似的“压舱石”角色。当前，光热发电的技术成本相对较高，灵活效益与惯量效益等亟待全面综合评估。该文从能量效益、灵活性效益、惯量效益以及碳减排效益4个方面分析了光热发电在高比例可再生能源电力系统中的综合效益，并提出了解析化的综合效益定量评估模型与方法。算例结果表明，相比于仅考虑能量效益，综合效益提高了41.27%。

关键词：碳达峰碳中和新型电力系统光热发电综合效益评估

考虑电力间接碳排放不确定性的电-冷-热综合能源系统两阶段鲁棒优化方法

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电网技术 2024年第1期48卷 50-60页

作者：周特薛云飞季节韩杨包维瀚李付强杜尔顺张宁清华四川能源互联网研究院四川省成都市610299 电子科技大学机械与电气工程学院四川省成都市621000 国家电网有限公司华北分部北京市西城区100052

在“双碳”政策外力驱动下,传统电力系统的低碳化转型至关重要。该文重点研究碳-源-荷多重不确定因素对综合能源系统低碳经济运行的影响,提出综合能源系统两阶段鲁棒优化运行方法。首先,分析综合能源系统并网点的电力间接碳排放强度的... 详细信息

在“双碳”政策外力驱动下,传统电力系统的低碳化转型至关重要。该文重点研究碳-源-荷多重不确定因素对综合能源系统低碳经济运行的影响,提出综合能源系统两阶段鲁棒优化运行方法。首先,分析综合能源系统并网点的电力间接碳排放强度的不确定性,并使用多面体不确定集对其进行建模;其次,对综合能源系统所聚合的设备建立数学模型,并引入碳排放交易机制,分析设备运行成本与碳排放成本;然后,采用列和约束生成(column-and-constraint generation,C&CG)算法将两阶段鲁棒优化模型分解为主问题与子问题循环求解,利用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)条件与big-M法对子问题中存在的双层结构与非线性项进行化简与线性化处理;最后,通过算例分析验证所建模型和求解算法的有效性,并剖析所提综合能源系统鲁棒优化方法的低碳经济性与抵御不确定因素波动的能力。

关键词：电力间接碳排放综合能源系统两阶段鲁棒优化列和约束生成算法 KKT条件

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计及电量交易信息的用电碳计量方法

中国电机工程学报 2024年第2期44卷 439-450,I0001页

作者：李姚旺刘昱良杨晓斌何伟方宇娟杜尔顺张宁李佳电力系统及发电设备控制和仿真国家重点实验室(清华大学电机系) 北京市海淀区100084 清华四川能源互联网研究院四川省成都市610213 国网江西省电力有限公司江西省南昌市330096

充分挖掘电碳耦合价值,构建电碳协同市场是实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的重要抓手。电碳信息的耦合依赖一套合理、有效的用电碳计量体系,但我国现行用电碳计量体系中尚未考虑电量交易信息的影响,不能完全厘清每个电量交易行为背后蕴含的碳... 详细信息

充分挖掘电碳耦合价值,构建电碳协同市场是实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的重要抓手。电碳信息的耦合依赖一套合理、有效的用电碳计量体系,但我国现行用电碳计量体系中尚未考虑电量交易信息的影响,不能完全厘清每个电量交易行为背后蕴含的碳排放责任。针对此问题,该文从碳排放流理论出发,提出一套计及电量交易行为的用电碳计量新方法。首先,根据碳排放流理论的计算特性,针对有损网络建立其无损等效网络模型;之后,将交易电量和非交易流电量拆解开来,并分别根据其电量来源独立核算其产生的对应碳排放责任。该文方法严格遵守直接和间接碳排放的总量守恒原则,能够厘清电量交易行为背后蕴含的碳排放责任转移,且能够兼顾碳排放因子的时空差异性量化需求,进而具备引导用户开展低碳需求响应的能力。基于PJM-5节点系统和我国某地市实际数据开展仿真分析,仿真结果验证该文方法的有效性。

关键词：新型电力系统碳计量电力市场碳市场碳排放流理论