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Experimental approaches to select tree species for forest restoration:effects of light,water availability and interspecific competition in degraded areas

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1197-1207页

作者： Johanna Croce ernesto i.badano Carolina B.Trigo Fernanda Martinez-Galvez Andrés Tálamo Laboratorio de Ecología Aplicada a la Conservación Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del Noroeste ArgentinoConsejo de Investigaciones Científi cas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de SaltaAvenida Bolivia 51504400 SaltaArgentina iPiCYT/División de Ciencias Ambientales Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científi ca y TecnológicaCamino a la Presa San José2055Colonia Lomas 4^(a)Sección78216 San Luis PotosíMéxico

Knowing what native trees can recr uit on degraded areas allows selecting the best species to restore these ***,as this information is not often available,experimentation is required before large-scale *** study used ex situ experiments to make these decisions on *** with r-strategist plants,excessive solar radiation and water shortage commonly impair tree recruitment in open *** experiments focused on the interactions among these factors and were conducted with three pioneer species from seasonally dry forests of northwest Argentina,Anadenanthera colubrina,Ceiba chodatii and Jacaranda *** of each species were sown at two light levels(sunlight/shade),two rainfall levels(full/reduced)and two levels of interspecific competition(with/without competitor)in a tree *** emergence and survival were monitored over a year and the results indicate that species differentially respond to varying levels of light and *** of *** tolerated water shortages under elevated solar radiation,which are desirable features for forest *** of *** tolerated shade and drought,suggesting that they require shading for establishing in open ***,*** seedlings neither tolerated full sunlight nor water shortages,suggesting that this species requires shading and regular watering if used in *** of the effects of light and water,the survival of all species was reduced by interspecific *** results highlight the importance of experimentation for selecting the best species for forest restoration and can enhance the cost/benefit ratios of these actions.

关键词： Common-garden experiments Drought Ecological restoration interspecific competition Seedling survival Shade

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Facilitation by nurse plants contributes to vegetation recovery in human-disturbed desert ecosystems

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第5期9卷 485-497页

作者： ernesto i.badano Omar R.Samour-Nieva Joel Flores JoséL.Flores-Flores Jorge A.Flores-Cano Juan P.Rodas-Ortíz División de Ciencias Ambientales Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaA.C.Camino a la Presa San José2055Colonia Lomas 4ta SecciónC.P.78216San Luis PotosíMéxico instituto de investigación de Zonas Desérticas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíAltair 200Fraccionamiento del LlanoC.P.78377San Luis PotosíMéxico Facultad de Agronomía Universidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíKm.14.5 Carretera San Luis-MatehualaApdo.Postal 32Soledad de Graciano SánchezC.P.78321San Luis PotosíMéxico

Aims Facilitation by nurse plants is a common interaction in harsh environments and this positive plant-plant interaction may promote vegetation recovery in ecosystems affected by human *** the relevance of this process,however,requires assessing how nurse plants influence the establishment of other species,as well as the proportion of species in the regional species pool that would benefit from the presence of nurse plants in human-disturbed ***,since vegetation recovery is a time-dependent process,the community-level consequences of facilitation are likely to vary among landscapes with different disturbance ***,an integrative perspective of the relevance of nurse plants for vegetation recovery could be obtained by measuring their effects across different human-disturbed landscapes of the target *** study focuses on these issues and uses a regional-scale approach to assess the community-level effects of a widespread nurse plant of American deserts,the creosotebush(Larrea tridentata).Methods This study was conducted in the southernmost portion of Chihuahuan Desert because most floodplain valleys of this region have been affected by human activities during the past *** this study,we selected 10 floodplain valleys differing in their age(*** time elapsed after human activities were ceased).At each landscape,we measured the cover of creosotebushes and the proportion of plant species positively associated with them,as well as the density of seeds in the soil beneath creosotebush *** these data were regressed against the age of the ***,to assess whether positive association patterns were due to facilitation or other processes,we conducted field experiments and measured the ecophysiological performance of plant species established beneath and outside creosotebush *** Findings Most plant species from the target region were positively associated to creosotebushes,and our field

关键词： Chihuahuan desert community-level effects community succession positive interactions Mexico

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Positive interactions by cushion plants in high mountains:fact or artifact?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第2期9卷 117-123页

作者： Marco A.Molina-Montenegro Rómulo Oses ian S.Acuña-Rodríguez Cristian Fardella ernesto i.badano Patricio Torres-Morales Jorge Gallardo-Cerda Cristian Torres-Díaz instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de TalcaAvda.Lircay s/nTalcaChile Centro de Estudios Avanzados en ZonasÁridas(CEAZA) Facultad de Ciencias del MarUniversidad Católica del NorteCoquimboChile División de Ciencias Ambientales Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaCamino a la Presa San José2055Colonia Lomas ta Sección CP 78216San Luis PotosíSLPMéxico 4 Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile Departamento Científico Instituto Antártico Chileno(INACH)Punta ArenasChile Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad(LGB) Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad del Bío-BíoChillánChile

Positive interactions are defined as non-trophic interactions where at least one of the interacting species is benefited in terms of fitness and the other remains ***,the bidirectional feedbacks between species may be positive,neutral or ***,if facilitated species induce negative effects on their‘nurses’,the assumed definition of positive interactions could be *** We assessed if ecological interactions between cushions of Azorella madreporica and their facilitated species are ***,we tested if cover of facilitated species has any costs for cushion plants from an ecophysiological perspective,and if these costs increase with the amount of cover of facilitated *** addition,through pathway analysis and correlations,we assessed if cover and richness of facilitated species have a direct and/or indirect effect on the fitness of cushion *** Findings We found that facilitated plant species induced a significant cost for their nurses(cushion plants),and this cost increases with cover of the facilitated ***,the facilitated species exert a strong direct negative effect on the cushion’s fitness and a moderate indirect negative cost evident through the nutrient status and physiological performance of cushion *** thus contribute evidence that positive interactions between high mountain cushion plants of central Chile and their‘facilitated’species may be an artifact more than a fact,especially when bidirectional effects are considered;contrasting with the majority of studies that document only one side of the interaction.

关键词： cushion plants facilitation nurse effect positive interactions stress gradient hypothesis

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Shade shelters increase survival and photosynthetic performance of oak transplants at abandoned fields in semi-arid climates

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 23-28页

作者： Claudia González-Salvatierra ernesto iván badano Joel Flores Juan Pablo Rodas División de Ciencias Ambientales Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaA.C.Camino a la Presa San José 2055C.P. 78216San Luis PotosíS.L.P.México.

Forest restorations conducted in semiarid, seasonally dry climates must deal with the intense drought stress that affects tree seedlings during the dry season. Although this water deficit is the most commonly invoked source of mortality for seedlings, several other environmental factors may also preclude survival of transplants. For instance, it has been widely reported that excessive light reduces the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus, hence decreasing plant survival, but most seedling transplants in deforested areas are conducted under these light conditions. This study is focused in determining whether excessive light affects the photosynthetic performance and survival of Quercus coccolobifolia, a Mexican oak species, when their seedlings are transplanted in semiarid deforested areas. Further, this study tests the possibility of using artificial shade shelters to improve the ecophysiological performance and survival of seedlings. Oak seedlings were transplanted under full sunlight conditions and beneath artificial shade shelters of two different colors： white and black. To reduce water stress, and hence isolate the effects of light treatments, a drip irrigation system was implemented at each experimental plot. Seedling survival was monitored weekly for 128 days and photosynthetic performance was assessed by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence at three opportunities during the experiment. Sun-exposed seedlings showed lower photosynthetic performance and survival rates than those beneath shelters of both colors. These results suggest that sunlight damage can reduce seedling survival when they are transplanted in exposed sites, and that shade shelters can improve the success of forest restoration programs in semiarid climates.

关键词： chlorophyll fluorescence light stress photoinhibition reforestation forest restoration

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Heart-touching Chilaiditi's syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第29期11卷 4607-4609页

作者： Dario Sorrentino Massimo Bazzocchi Luigi.badano Francesco Toso Pietro Giagu Gi Unit-internal Medicine of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Department of Radiology University of Udine School of Medicine and Division of Cardiology Udine General Hospital Udine Italy

Symptomatic hepato-diaphragmatic interposition of a bowel loop or Chilaiditi's syndrome is a peculiar anatomical condition most often found by chance. its described symptoms range from intermittent, mild abdominal pain and dyspepsia to acute intestinal obstruction. We report a case of hepato-diaphragmatic migration of the hepatic flexure of the colon associated to an unusual, heretofore unreported, angina-like pain exclusively evoked by the left lateral decubitus. To maximize the chance of observing anatomical changes in different postures, computed tomography of the chest and abdomen was performed after air insufflation into the colon. While frank herniation into the chest was excluded, the scan showed that the hepatic flexure-with the interposition of the diaphragm-came in contact with the right side of the heart in the left lateral, but not in the supine, decubitus. This finding was reproduced by echocardiography which also showed virtually unaltered hemodynamics after the change of posture. ECG, left and right ventricular global and regional function as well as cardiac injury markers also remained unchanged during the maneuver, indicating that the pain evoked by the latter was unlikely due to myocardial ischemia. This case suggests that Chilaiditi's syndrome should be included among the possible, although rare,causes of unexplained angina-like symptoms.

关键词： Chilaiditi's syndrome Hepatodiaphragmatic interposition Precordial pain

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Follicular helper T lymphocytes in health and disease

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World Journal of Hematology 2014年第4期3卷 118-127页

作者： Cecilia Parodi María Noel badano Nora Galassi Ana Coraglia Patricia Baré Alejandro Malbrán María Marta de Elizalde de Bracco Department of immunology Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)– CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina (ANM) Pacheco de Melo 3081Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425Argentina Department of Virology Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas Mariano Castex (IIHEMA)-ANMPacheco de Melo 3081Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425Argentina Unidad de Alergia e inmunología Clínica Av. Pte. Roque Saenz Pe?a 1160Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1431GHABuenos AiresArgentina

A correct antibody response requires the participation of both B and T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells. in this review we address the role of follicular helper T lymphocytes(T FH) in this reaction. We shall focus on the regulation of their development and function in health and disease. T FH can be characterized on the basis of their phenotype and the pattern of secretion of cytokines. This fact is useful to study their participation in the generation of antibody deficiency in primary immunodeficiency diseases such as common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked hyper ig M syndrome orX-linked lymphoproliferative disease. increased numbers of T FH have been demonstrated in several autoimmune diseases and are thought to play a role in the development of autoantibodies. in chronic viral infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or C virus, increased circulating T FH have been observed, but their role in the protective immune response to these agents is under discussion. Likewise, an important role of T FH in the control of some experimental protozoan infections has been proposed, and it will be important to assess their relevance in order to design effective vaccination strategies.

关键词： Follicular helper T(TFH)lymphocytes TFH development Chemokine(C-X-C motif)receptor 5 interleukin-21 Programmed cell death-1/Programmed cell death ligand 1(PDL-1)or PDL-2 Primary immunodeficiencies Autoimmunity Chronic viral infections Protozoan infections

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