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Effects of Medicines and Supplements on Spontaneous Pregnancy and Semen Parameters in Male Infertility:A Systematic Review Update and Network Meta-Analysis

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 198-209页

作者： Jian Li Qi Wu ernest hung yu ng Ben Willem J.Mol Xiao Ke Wu Chi Chiu Wang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology First Affiliated HospitalHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin 150040China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Hospital of Gui Zhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004China Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 30009China Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3168Australia Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150036China Reproduction and Development Laboratory Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China i School of Biomedical SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China The Chinese University of Hong Kong–Sichuan University Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Hong Kong 999077China

In this study,we used a network meta-analysis(NMA)to compare the effectiveness of medicines and supplements for idiopathic male infertility and to identify the best ***,Excerpta Medica Database(EMBASE),Ovid,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),were searched for the period from January 1990 to June 2021 using the keywords"male infertility,""medical therapy,""supplement/nutrient therapy,"and related *** controlled trials(RCTs)investigating medicines(mainly follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),androgen,and clomiphene/tamoxifen)or supplements(mainly zinc,selenium,vitamin C or E,carnitine,coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),or combined treatment)for idiopathic infertile men were selected for *** reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis(PRISMA)was used for data extraction,and a risk-of-bias tool and grades of recommendation,assessment,development,and evaluation(GRADE)system adapted to the NMA were employed to assess the quality of the *** primary outcomes were live birth and spontaneous pregnancy rate(SPR).The secondary outcomes were sperm parameters(including concentration,progressive motility,and morphology)and side *** total,65 RCTs involving 7541 men with sperm abnormalities but normal hormone levels were included.A total of 36 studies reported SPR but only three reported live birth *** quality of the included studies was found to be moderate to *** with a placebo or being untreated,carnitine plus vitamins significantly improved SPR(relative risk(RR)=3.7,95%confidence interval(95%CI),1.6-8.5);fatty acids significantly increased sperm concentrations(mean difference(MD)=12.5×10^(6)mL-1,95%CI,3.1×10^(6)-22.0×10^(6));and selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM)plus CoQ10 significantly improved sperm progressive motility(MD=11.0%,95%CI,0.1%-21.9%)and normal sperm morphology(MD=11.0%,95%CI,4.6%-17.4%).The most optimal intervention was carnitine plus vitamins and fatty acids for SPR a

关键词： Male infertility Medicine Supplement Spontaneous pregnancy rate Sperm parameters

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Use of biological and chemical molecules in regulating embryo implantation and endometrial receptivity

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Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2022年第4期6卷 234-242页

作者： Xian Chen Shu-Ya Sun ernest hung-yu ng Raymond Hang-Wun Li William Shu-Biu Yeung Kai-Fai Lee Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology LKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518053China

This review summarizes the drugs and chemicals that may modulate embryo ***-hormonal molecules,including aspirin,improved endometrial blood flow,while low molecular weight heparin,vitamin E,sildenafil,and atosiban modulated the expression of endometrial *** factors,including human chorionic gonadotropin and growth hormones,can regulate the expression of endometrial receptivity *** immunomodulatory molecules,including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,peripheral blood mononuclear cells,autologous platelet-rich plasma,and intralipid and intravenous immunoglobulins,may improve implantation rate by modulating endometrial immune *** extracts of the Chinese herbs Paeonia lactiflora and Perilla frutescens increased the expression of leukemia inhibitory factors in endometrial epithelial ***,the use of the commercially available Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds with a high-throughput screening method has provided an approach to screen for compounds that may potentially enhance or suppress embryo *** these biomedical findings translate into clinical effects that enhance or suppress embryo implantation requires further investigation.

关键词： Embryo implantation Endometrial receptivity fertilization Repeated implantation failure Birth control Emergency contraception

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应用卵巢间质血流评价卵巢储备功能

应用卵巢间质血流评价卵巢储备功能

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澳门、香港、内地生殖健康研讨会

作者： ernest hung yu ng Departlllent of Obstetrics & Gynaecology The UIliversity of Hong Kong

随着妇女年龄的增加,生育力显著下降。生育力随年龄增加而下降的原因是由于始基卵泡的数量减少。初潮时始基卵泡的数量超过250,000个,而在生育期的末期仅剩余数百个或数千个。我们最近在一组有生育力的中国妇女的研究发现,双卵巢内的窦... 详细信息

随着妇女年龄的增加,生育力显著下降。生育力随年龄增加而下降的原因是由于始基卵泡的数量减少。初潮时始基卵泡的数量超过250,000个,而在生育期的末期仅剩余数百个或数千个。我们最近在一组有生育力的中国妇女的研究发现,双卵巢内的窦状卵泡计数(AFC)与妇女的年龄密切相关,每年呈3.8%的线性下降或每年减少0.35个卵

关键词：卵巢间质血流多普勒卵巢储备功能生育力

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An update on hormonal regulation of early embryo-fallopian tube interactions: insights for improvements of assisted reproductive technology outcomes

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生殖与发育医学(英文) 2024年第1期08卷 39-49页

作者： Kodithuwakku Suranga P. ng ernest H. Y. Yeung William S. B. Lee Kai-Fai Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology LKS Faculty of Medicine 3. The University of Hong Kong 4. Hong Kong SAR 999077 5. China

Human fallopian tubes (FTs) play important roles in the whole reproductive process. FTs are the site for the final maturation of gametes, fertilization, transport of preimplantation embryos, and early embryonic development before entering the uterus. All these functions are critical in the establishment of a successful pregnancy. When the embryo is in transit through the FT, the FT microenvironment changes through endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, and juxtacrine mechanisms which involve various hormones and bioactive substances mainly from the neighboring cells. Therefore, the interactions between the embryo and the FT may be the earliest embryo-maternal communications that are essential for the establishment of pregnancy. This review critically discusses the evidence of various hormonal and bioactive mediated control of the microenvironment in the FTs during the earliest embryo-maternal communications. Moreover, we highlight existing gaps in the knowledge and the importance of exploring more of the physiology of FTs which will hold the key to producing high-quality embryos for patients seekingin vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments.

关键词： Fallopian tube Embryo Maternal-embryo communication Hormonal control

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多囊卵巢综合征无排卵的胰岛素信号和雄激素合成的新遗传风险和代谢特征

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Engineering 2023年第4期23卷 103-111,M0005,M0006页

作者：吴效科黄志超曹义娟李建李志强马红丽高敬书常惠张多加丛晶王宇吴奇 Xiaoxiao Han Pui Wah Jacqueline Chung Yiran Li Xu Zheng Lingxi Chen Lin Zeng Astrid Borchert Hartmut Kuhn Zi-Jiang Chen ernest hung yu ng Elisabet Stener-Victorin 张和平 Richard S.Legro Ben Willem J.Mol 师咏勇 The First Affiliated Hospital Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin 150040China Department of Reproductive Medicine Heilongjiang Provincial HospitalHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150030China Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Reproduction and Development Laboratory Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences&Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Center for Reproductive Medicine Xuzhou Central HospitalXuzhou 221009China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Hospital of Gui Zhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004China Biomedical Sciences Institute The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266000China Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Bio-X InstitutesMinistry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200001China Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Shanghai 200001China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai 200001China Department of Computer Sciences City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Shanghai NewCore Biotechnology Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200240China Institute of Biochemistry Charité—University Medicine BerlinBerlin 10117Germany Center for Reproductive Medicine Shandong UniversityJinan 250001China Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska InstitutetStockholm 17177Sweden Department of Biostatistics Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCT 06520USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Pennsylvania State University

促排卵是多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕症的一线治疗方案。卵巢对促排卵治疗的排卵应答差被认为与胰岛素抵抗和高雄激素血症相关。在一个包含1000名PCOS不孕妇女(PCOSAct)的前瞻性队列中,我们开展了一项全外显子联合靶向单核苷酸多态性(SNP... 详细信息

促排卵是多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕症的一线治疗方案。卵巢对促排卵治疗的排卵应答差被认为与胰岛素抵抗和高雄激素血症相关。在一个包含1000名PCOS不孕妇女(PCOSAct)的前瞻性队列中,我们开展了一项全外显子联合靶向单核苷酸多态性(SNP)测序以及代谢组学研究。在全基因组水平找出与无排卵显著相关的常见变异和罕见突变,并通过机器学习算法构建排卵预测模型。研究发现,ZNF438基因中标记为rs2994652(p=2.47×10^(-8))的常见变异和REC114基因中的一个罕见功能突变(rs182542888,p=5.79×10^(-6))与促排卵治疗失败显著相关。携带rs2994652 A等位基因和REC114 ***101Leu(rs182542888)的PCOS不孕妇女进行促排卵治疗的总排卵率更低(分别为比值比(OR)=1.96,95%置信区间(CI)[1.55~2.49];OR=11.52,95%CI[3.08~43.05]),出现排卵的间隔时间更长(平均56.7天vs.49.0天,p<0.001;78.1天vs.68.6天,p=0.014)。对于rs2994652突变者,L-苯丙氨酸水平升高并与胰岛素抵抗稳态模型(HOMA-IR)指数(r=0.22,p=0.05)和空腹血糖(r=0.33,p=0.003)呈正相关;对于rs182542888突变者,花生四烯酸代谢产物水平下降并与升高的抗苗勒管激素(r=-0.51,p=0.01)和总睾酮(r=-0.71,p=0.02)呈负相关。整合基因变异位点、代谢产物及临床特征的联合预测模型可提高对排卵的预测能力[曲线下面积(AUC)=76.7%]。ZNF438基因的一个常见变异和REC114基因的一个罕见功能突变,以及与二者相关的苯丙氨酸和花生四烯酸代谢物改变,与PCOS女性不孕症的促排卵治疗失败相关。

关键词： Polycystic ovary syndrome Infertility Ovulation responses ZNF438 REC114 Whole-exome sequencing Deep machine learning

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Modulation doping of p-type Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)toward improving thermoelectric performance

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 71-79页

作者： Khak Ho Lim Mingquan Li yu Zhang yue Wu Qimin Zhou Qingyue Wang Xuan Yang Pingwei Liu Wen-Jun Wang Ka Wai Wong Ka Ming ng yu Liu Andreu Cabot Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou Quzhou 324000China College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310007China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Ostia Technologies Limited United Kingdom Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina ICREA Pg.Lluis Companys 23Barcelona 08010Spain Catalonia Energy Research Institute-IREC Sant Adria del BesosBarcelona 08930Spain

The commercial viability of thermoelectric(TE)devices relies heavily on two factors:cost reduction and efficiency *** this study,we first produce p-type Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(16-x)(x=0,3,4)using a low-temperature bottom-up approach and demonstrate Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)to show the best TE performance among the three tested ***,the TE energy conversion efficiency of Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)is further enhanced by optimizing its electronic band structure through the incorporation of small amounts of *** an optimal Te content of 5 mol%,more than a twofold increase in the TE figure of merit(zT)is *** gain insight into the mechanism of improvement on the transport properties of the mate-rial,we compare the interphase transport mechanism by incorporating nanodomains of different metals(Ag and Cu)into the Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)*** improved electrical conductivity obtained with Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)-Te nanocomposites is attributed to a charge flooding of the Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)*** contrast,excessive down-ward band-bending at the interphases of Ag/Cu metal-semiconductor drastically reduces the electrical ***,a weighted mobility(μw)analysis shows a dominant thermal activation of carri-ers in Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)-Te *** this material,a strong decrease in lattice thermal conductivity is also found,which is associated with a phonon-carrier scattering *** work shows the impor-tance of proper band-engineering in TE nanocomposites to decouple electrical and thermal transport to enhance TE performance,and the efficacy ofμw for electrical and thermal transport analysis.

关键词： Modulation doping Thermoelectric Interphase transport Charge flooding Phonon-carrier scattering

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多囊卵巢综合征无排卵的胰岛素信号和雄激素合成的新遗传风险和代谢特征（英文）

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Engineering 2023年第4期 103-111页

作者：吴效科黄志超曹义娟李建李志强马红丽高敬书常惠张多加丛晶王宇吴奇 Xiaoxiao Han Pui Wah Jacqueline Chung Yiran Li Xu Zheng Lingxi Chen Lin Zeng Astrid Borchert Hartmut Kuhn Zi-Jiang Chen ernest hung yu ng Elisabet Stener-Victorin 张和平 Richard S.Legro Ben Willem J.Mol 师咏勇 The First Affiliated Hospital Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Department of Reproductive Medicine Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital Harbin Institute of Technology Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Reproduction and Development Laboratory Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences & Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Center for Reproductive Medicine Xuzhou Central Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Hospital of Gui Zhou Medical University Biomedical Sciences Institute The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Bio-X Institutes Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Fudan University Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Department of Computer Sciences City University of Hong Kong Shanghai New Core Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Institute of Biochemistry Charité—University Medicine Berlin Center for Reproductive Medicine Shandong University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Hong Kong Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Department of Biostatistics Yale School of Public Health Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Pennsylvania State University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University Monash Medical Centre Aberdeen Centre for Women’s Health Research School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen

促排卵是多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕症的一线治疗方案。卵巢对促排卵治疗的排卵应答差被认为与胰岛素抵抗和高雄激素血症相关。在一个包含1000名PCOS不孕妇女(PCOSAct)的前瞻性队列中，我们开展了一项全外显子联合靶向单核苷酸多态性(SNP...

促排卵是多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕症的一线治疗方案。卵巢对促排卵治疗的排卵应答差被认为与胰岛素抵抗和高雄激素血症相关。在一个包含1000名PCOS不孕妇女(PCOSAct)的前瞻性队列中，我们开展了一项全外显子联合靶向单核苷酸多态性(SNP)测序以及代谢组学研究。在全基因组水平找出与无排卵显著相关的常见变异和罕见突变，并通过机器学习算法构建排卵预测模型。研究发现，ZNF438基因中标记为rs2994652 (p=2.47×10–8)的常见变异和REC114基因中的一个罕见功能突变(rs182542888,p=5.79×10–6)与促排卵治疗失败显著相关。携带rs2994652 A等位基因和REC114 ***101Leu (rs182542888)的PCOS不孕妇女进行促排卵治疗的总排卵率更低(分别为比值比(OR)=1.96,95%置信区间(CI)[1.55～2.49];OR=11.52,95%CI [3.08～43.05])，出现排卵的间隔时间更长(平均56.7天vs.49.0天，p<0.001;78.1天vs.68.6天，p=0.014)。对于rs2994652突变者，L-苯丙氨酸水平升高并与胰岛素抵抗稳态模型(HOMA-IR)指数(r=0.22, p=0.05)和空腹血糖(r=0.33, p=0.003)呈正相关；对于rs182542888突变者，花生四烯酸代谢产物水平下降并与升高的抗苗勒管激素(r=-0.51, p=0.01)和总睾酮(r=-0.71, p=0.02)呈负相关。整合基因变异位点、代谢产物及临床特征的联合预测模型可提高对排卵的预测能力[曲线下面积(AUC)=76.7%]。ZNF438基因的一个常见变异和REC114基因的一个罕见功能突变，以及与二者相关的苯丙氨酸和花生四烯酸代谢物改变，与PCOS女性不孕症的促排卵治疗失败相关。

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针灸治疗急性腰痛：“只用远程取穴”与“局部取穴为主配合远程取穴”之疗效比较随即对照研究（英文）

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第3期11卷 351-356页

作者： Singleung Chan Shukyan Lam Sinyin Ho Wanyi Au Poyi Lin Waiming Chan Taking yu Shungchi Tam Bacon F.L.ng Linda L.D.Zhong 博爱医院香港浸会大学中医诊所暨教研中心(九龙城区) 中国香港香港医院管理局中医科香港浸会大学中医学院南洋理工大学生命科学学院

目的：本研究旨在比较“只用远程取穴”与“局部取穴为主配合远程取穴”治疗急性腰痛之疗效。方法：选取102位18-65岁、急性腰痛发病少于6周之符合标准患者，采用随机数字表法将患者按一比一的比例随机分为“只用远程取穴组”与“局部... 详细信息

目的：本研究旨在比较“只用远程取穴”与“局部取穴为主配合远程取穴”治疗急性腰痛之疗效。方法：选取102位18-65岁、急性腰痛发病少于6周之符合标准患者，采用随机数字表法将患者按一比一的比例随机分为“只用远程取穴组”与“局部取穴为主配合远程取穴组”。在4周治疗期间，“只用远程取穴组”将接受每周2次只用远程取穴(后溪[SI3]及腰痛穴[EX-UE7])之针灸治疗，而“局部取穴为主配合远程取穴组”则将接受局部取穴为主配合远程取穴(肾俞[BL 23]及大肠俞[BL 25]及委中[BL 40])之针灸治疗。两组均将于每次治疗前及随访期(完成第8次治疗后1个月及3个月时随访)接受评估。主要疗效指针为以视觉疼痛量表评估疼痛强度之变化；次要疗效指标为以欧氏失能量表评估失能程度。讨论：本研究比较“只用远程取穴”与“局部取穴为主配合远程取穴”之疗效以探索“只用远程取穴”治疗急性腰痛之可行性。

关键词：针灸急性腰痛运动针法远程取穴局部取穴

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Predictive value of preoperative routine examination for the prognosis of patients with pT2N0M0 or pT3N0M0 colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2429-2438页

作者： Peng-Fei Jing Jin Chen En-Da yu Chao-yu Miao Department of Colorectal Surgery Changhai HospitalSecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Changhai HospitalSecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Pharmacology Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China

BACKGROUND In recent years,the incidence of colorectal cancer(CRC)has been *** the popularization of endoscopic technology,a number of early CRC has been ***,despite current treatment methods,some patients with early CRC still experience postoperative recurrence and *** To search for indicators associated with early CRC recurrence and metastasis to identify high-risk *** A total of 513 patients with pT2N0M0 or pT3N0M0 CRC were retrospectively enrolled in this *** of blood routine test,liver and kidney function tests and tumor markers were collected before *** were followed up through disease-specific database and telephone *** recurrence,metastasis or death were used as the end point of study to find the risk factors and predictive value related to early CRC recurrence and *** We comprehensively compared the predictive value of preoperative blood routine,blood biochemistry and tumor markers for disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)of *** multivariate analysis demonstrated that low platelet count was significantly associated with poor DFS[hazard ratio(HR)=0.995,95% confidence interval(CI):0.991-0.999,P=0.015],while serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)level(HR=1.008,95%CI:1.001-1.016,P=0.027)and serum total cholesterol level(HR=1.538,95%CI:1.026-2.305,P=0.037)were independent risk factors for *** cutoff value of serum CEA level for predicting OS was 2.74 ng/*** the OS of CRC patients with serum CEA higher than the cutoff value was worse than those with lower CEA level,the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P=0.075).CONCLUSION For patients with T2N0M0 or T3N0M0 CRC,preoperative platelet count was a protective factor for DFS,while serum CEA level was an independent risk factor for *** that these measures are easier to detect and more acceptable to patients,they may have broader applications.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Platelet count Serum carcinoembryonic antigen Total cholesterol level Overall survival Disease-free survival

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Neuronal conversion from glia to replenish the lost neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1446-1453页

作者： Shiyu Liang Jing Zhou Xiaolin yu Shuai Lu Ruitian Liu National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation Beijing Rehabilitation HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Neuronal injury,aging,and cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases such as cerebral infarction,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease are characte rized by significant neuronal *** rtunately,the neurons of most mammals including humans do not possess the ability to *** of lost neurons becomes an appealing therapeutic strategy to reve rse the disease *** of pluripotent neural stem cells can supplement the missing neurons in the brain,but it carries the risk of causing gene mutation,tumorigenesis,severe inflammation,and obstructive hydrocephalus induced by brain *** of neural or non-neural lineage cells into functional neurons is a promising strategy for the diseases involving neuron loss,which may overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of neural stem cell *** far,many strategies to transfo rm astrocytes,fibroblasts,microglia,Muller glia,ng2 cells,and other glial cells to mature and functional neurons,or for the conversion between neuronal subtypes have been developed thro ugh the regulation of transcription factors,polypyrimidine tra ct binding protein 1(PTBP1),and small chemical molecules or are based on a combination of several factors and the location in the central nervous ***,some recent papers did not obtain expected results,and discrepancies ***,in this review,we discuss the history of neuronal transdifferentiation,summarize the strategies for neuronal replenishment and conversion from glia,especially astrocytes,and point out that biosafety,new strategies,and the accurate origin of the truly co nverted neurons in vivo should be focused upon in future *** also arises the attention of replenishing the lost neurons from glia by gene therapies such as up-regulation of some transc ription factors or downregulation of PTBP1 or drug interfe rence therapies.

关键词： astrocytes neural stem cells neurodegenerative diseases neuron polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 repair reprogramming small molecule transcription factor transdifferentiation

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