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Nobel prize for the artemisinin and ivermectin discoveries: a great boost towards elimination of the global infectious diseases of poverty

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 487-494页

作者： ernest Tambo Emad IMKhater Jun-Hu Chen Robert Bergquist Xiao-Nong Zhou Department of Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Higher Institute of Health SciencesUniversitédes MontagnesBangangtéCameroon Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Biosciences University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Africa Disease Intelligence and Surveillance Communication and Response Foundation(Africa DISCoR)YaoundéCameroon Center for Sustainable Malaria Control Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Public Health Pests Laboratory Jeddah MunicipalityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Entomology Faculty of ScienceAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai 200025P.R.China Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health Shanghai 200025P.R.China WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases Shanghai 200025P.R.China Ingerod BrastadSweden

The Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)made a marked transformation for neglected and vulnerable communities in the developing countries from the start,but infectious diseases of poverty(IDoPs)continue to inflict a disproportionate global public health burden with associated consequences,thereby contributing to the vicious cycle of poverty and ***,the effectiveness and large-scale coverage of artemisinin combination therapy(ACT)have revolutionized malaria treatment just as the control of lymphatic filariasis(LF)and onchocerciasis have benefitted from harnessing the broad-spectrum effect of avermectin-based *** paradigm shift in therapeutic approach,effected by these two drugs and their impact on community-based interventions of parasitic diseases plaguing the endemic low-and middle-income countries(LIMCs),led to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in ***,the story would not be complete without mentioning *** huge contribution of this drug in modernizing the control of schistosomiasis and also some intestinal helminth infections had already shifted the focus from control to potential elimination of this ***,these new drugs have provided humankind with powerful new tools for the alleviation of infectious diseases that humans have lived with since time *** drugs all have broad-spectrum effects,yet they are very safe and can even be packaged together in various *** strong effect on so many of the great infectious scourges in the developing countries has not only had a remarkable influence on many endemic diseases,but also contributed to improving the cost structure of *** benefits include improved quality of preventive and curative medicine,promotion of community-based interventions,universal health coverage and the fostering of global *** laudable progress and benefits achieved are indispensable in championing,strengthening and moving forward elimi

关键词： Nobel Prize Artemisinin Avermectin Ivermectin Praziquantel Schistosomiasis Intestinal helminths Lymphatic filariasis River blindness Malaria Discovery Poverty

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BMI and Risk Factors of Underweight and Obesity in HIV Subjects in Eastern Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2016年第1期6卷 8-15页

作者： ernest Ndukaife Anyabolu Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Federal Medical Centre Owerri Nigeria

Background and Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) is a global healthcare problem. Progression of HIV infection is commonly associated with decreasing weight. In the early phases of HIV infection, factors associated with weight changes are not completely known. This study evaluated the body mass index (BMI) and its potential risk factors in drug-naive HIV subjects in Owerri, Eastern Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of HIV subjects. BMI was determined. Relevant investigations were performed. Potential risk factors of BMI were analyzed at different BMI categories. Association of variables with BMI and the strength of variables to predict BMI, underweight and obesity were determined. Results: The mean BMI of the HIV subjects was 26.2 ± 5.4 kg/m2. Underweight was present in 24 (6.1%), overweight in 150 (38.4%) and obesity in 84 (21.5%) of the HIV subjects. High spot urine creatinine (SUCr), high 24-hour urine osmolality (24HUOsm), high serum cholesterol and high hemoglobin predicted BMI in HIV subjects. Low 24HUOsm predicted under weight, whereas low 24-hour urine protein (24 HUP) and high 24HUOsm predicted obesity in HIV subjects. Conclusion: The prevalence of underweight was low (6.1%), overweight high (38.4%) and obesity high (21.5%) in HIV subjects. High SUCr, high 24HUOsm, high serum cholesterol and high hemoglobin were predictors of BMI in HIV subjects. Low 24HUOsm was a predictor of underweight, while low 24HUP and high 24HUOsm were predictors of obesity in HIV subjects. Abnormalities of serum lipids, renal function, and anemia were common in HIV subjects who were underweight and in those obese. Underweight HIV subjects should be evaluated at the early stages for dyslipidemia, renal damage and anemia.

关键词： HIV BMI Underweight and Obesity Prevalence Predictors Nigeria

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老人与海

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作者： (美)海明威(ernest Hemingway)

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Pharmacognosy of Enicostemma littorale:A review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第1期3卷 79-84页

作者： Rajamani Saranya Thirunavukkarasu Thirumalai Munisami Hemalatha Ranganathan Balaji ernest David Department of Biotechnology Thiruvalluvar University Post graduate and Research Department of Zoology Physiology WingVoorhees College

Traditional medicine system of India comprised varieties of plants which are playing a significant role in curing diseases from ancient *** them,Enicostemma littorale blume(***)a perennial herb of the family Gentianaceae is cosmopolitan in occurrence in *** bittery natured plant acts as a laxative,helps in curing fever,rheumatism,skin diseases,abdominal disorders,snake bite,obesity and helps to regulate blood sugar *** plant constituents have been reported for possessing antimicrobial,antioxidant,antiulcer,antiinflammatory,hypolipidaemic,hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic *** review provides a bird's eye view about geographical distribution,physicochemical parameters,phvtoconstituents and pharmacological properties of ***.

关键词： Enicostemma littorale Folklore Hypoglycemic Medicinal plant

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老人与海

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作者： (美)海明威(ernest Hemingway)

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Platinum on nitrogen doped graphene and tungsten carbide supports for ammonia electro-oxidation reaction

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第6期16卷 930-938页

作者： Kumar Siddharth Yian Wang Jing Wang Fei Xiao Gabriel Sikukuu Nambafu Usman Bin Shahid Fei Yang ernest Pahuyo Delmo Minhua Shao Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering South University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen 518055China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control&Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Ammonia electrooxidation reaction involving multistep electron-proton transfer is a significant reaction for fuel cells,hydrogen production and understanding nitrogen *** has been established as the best electrocatalyst for ammonia oxidation in aqueous alkaline *** this study,Pt/nitrogen-doped graphene(NDG)and Pt/tungsten monocarbide(WC)/NDG are synthesized by a wet chemistry method and their ammonia oxidation activities are compared to commercial Pt/***/NDG exhibits a specific activity of 0.472 mA·cm^(-2),which is 44%higher than commercial Pt/C,thus establishing NDG as a more effective support than carbon ***,it is demonstrated that WC as a support also impacts the activity with further 30%increase in comparison to *** modification with Ir resulted in the best electro-catalytic activity with Pt-IrAVC/NDG having almost thrice the current density of commercial Pt/*** work adds insights regarding the role of NDG and WC as efficient supports along with significant impact of Ir surface modification.

关键词： Ammonia electro-oxidation reaction electrocatalyst supports platinum nitrogen doped graphene tungsten carbide

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Improving testicular examinations on paediatric patients in the emergency department:A quality improvement study to improve early diagnosis of testicular torsion

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Asian Journal of Urology 2022年第2期9卷 152-156页

作者： ernest M.Cheng Juanita N.Chui Murray Crowe Andrew Cooke Department of Emergency Medicine St George HospitalKogarahNSWAustralia Sydney Medical School University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia St George Clinical School University of New South WalesKogarahNSWAustralia

Objective:Male paediatric patients presenting with abdominal and/or testicular pain are common in the emergency *** a time-sensitive diagnosis,the importance of early recognition,referral,and definitive management is *** or delayed diagnoses and management of testicular torsion can result in significant long-term sequelae including impaired fertility and psychological *** this quality improvement study,we utilised educational posters aiming to improve awareness of testicular torsion as a differential for abdominal pain and therefore,improve the quality of testicular examinations performed in the emergency ***:Observational pre-and post-intervention study was conducted at a tertiary hospital emergency department.A pre-interventional retrospective review of the electronic medical records was *** male patients under 16-years-old presenting with“abdominal pain”or“testicular problem”were *** assessed the rate of testicular examination and the quality of the examination based on four domains:Cremasteric reflex,lie,swelling,and *** posters targeting both patients and clinicians were placed around the emergency *** review of the electronic medical records post-intervention was performed assessing the same ***:A total of 235 presentations were analysed with 124 in the pre-intervention group and 111 in the post-intervention *** rate of documented testicular examinations increased by 14%(p=0.032).The quality of testicular examinations also improved from an average of 0.85 domains documented to 2.29 post-intervention(p<0.001).Subgroup analysis found doctors in training had a greater improvement in both rate and quality of documented testicular ***:Our study demonstrated the value of continuing education in promoting awareness of testicular torsion in the emergency *** found a clear improvement in the quality of clinical documentation

关键词： Testicular torsion Testicular examination Emergency department Quality improvement Urological emergency

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Bioelectrochemically-assisted degradation of chloroform by a coculture of Dehalobacter and Dehalobacterium

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2022年第4期12卷 81-86页

作者： David Fernandez-Verdejo Pilar Cortés Albert Guisasola Paqui Blánquez ernest Marco-Urrea Biorem UAB Department of ChemicalBiological and Environmental EngineeringSchool of EngineeringUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona08193BellaterraBarcelonaSpain Departament de Genetica i de Microbiologia Facultat de BioCienciesUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona08193BellaterraBarcelonaSpain GENOCOV Department of ChemicalBiological and Environmental EngineeringSchool of EngineeringUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona08193BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Using bioelectrochemical systems(BESs)to provide electrochemically generated hydrogen is a promising technology to provide electron donors for reductive dechlorination by organohalide-respiring *** this study,we inoculated two syntrophic dechlorinating cultures containing Dehalobacter and Dehalobacterium to sequentially transform chloroform(CF)to acetate in a BES using a graphite fiber brush as the *** this co-culture,Dehalobacter transformed CF to stoichiometric amounts of dichloromethane(DCM)via organohalide respiration,whereas the Dehalobacterium-containing culture converted DCM to acetate via *** were initially inoculated with Dehalobacter,and sequential cathodic potentials of-0.6,-0.7,and -0.8 V were poised after consuming three CF doses(500 μM)per each potential during a time-span of 83 *** the end of this period,the accumulated DCM was degraded in the following seven days after the inoculation of *** this point,four consecutive amendments of CF at increasing concentrations of 200,400,600,and 800 μM were sequentially transformed by the combined degradation activity of Dehalobacter and *** Dehalobacter 16S rRNA gene copies increased four orders of magnitude during the whole *** coulombic efficiencies associated with the degradation of CF reached values>60% at a cathodic potential of -0.8 V when the degradation rate of CF achieved the highest *** study shows the advantages of combining syntrophic bacteria to fully detoxify chlorinated compounds in BESs and further expands the use of this technology for treating water bodies impacted with pollutants.

关键词： Dehalobacter Dehalobacterium Chloroform Dichloromethane Bioelectrochemistry Bioremediation

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Excerpt from The Old Man and the Sea

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考试与评价（英语高考专刊） 2016年第12期 48-49页

作者： ernest Hemingway

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Navigated liver surgery:State of the art and future perspectives

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第3期21卷 226-233页

作者： Paschalis Gavriilidis Bjørn Edwin Egidijus Pelanis ernest Hidalgo Nicola de’Angelis Riccardo Memeo Luca Aldrighetti Robert P Sutcliffe Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustB152THUK The Intervention Centre and Department of HPB Surgery Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation Hospital Universitari Vall d’HebronBarcelonaSpain Department of Digestive Surgery University Hospital Henri Mondor(AP-HP)94010 Creteil and University of Paris EstCreteilFrance Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Miulli HospitalAcquaviva delle FontiBari 70021Italy Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan 20132Italy

Background:In recent years,the development of digital imaging technology has had a significant influence in liver *** ability to obtain a 3-dimensional(3D)visualization of the liver anatomy has provided surgery with virtual reality of simulation 3D computer models,3D printing models and more recently holograms and augmented reality(when virtual reality knowledge is superimposed onto reality).In addition,the utilization of real-time fluorescent imaging techniques based on indocyanine green(ICG)uptake allows clinicians to precisely delineate the liver anatomy and/or tumors within the parenchyma,applying the knowledge obtained preoperatively through digital *** combination of both has transformed the abstract thinking until now based on 2D imaging into a 3D preoperative conception(virtual reality),enhanced with real-time visualization of the fluorescent liver structures,effectively facilitating intraoperative navigated liver surgery(augmented reality).Data sources:A literature search was performed from inception until January 2021 in MEDLINE(Pub Med),Embase,Cochrane library and database for systematic reviews(CDSR),Google Scholar,and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence(NICE)***:Fifty-one pertinent articles were retrieved and *** different types of digital imaging technologies and the real-time navigated liver surgery were estimated and ***:ICG fluorescent imaging techniques can contribute essentially to the real-time definition of liver segments;as a result,precise hepatic resection can be guided by the presence of ***,3D models can help essentially to further advancing of precision in hepatic surgery by permitting estimation of liver volume and functional liver remnant,delineation of resection lines along the liver segments and evaluation of tumor *** liver transplantation and especially in living donor liver transplantation(LDLT),3D printed models of the donor’s live

关键词： Navigated Hepatic surgery 3D Computer assistance Image guidance Image guided surgery Indocyanine green 3D print Visual simulation Virtual reality Augmented reality Real-time navigated liver surgery

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