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Nutritional content exp.ains the attractiveness of cacao to crop.raiding Tonkean macaques

Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 160-169页

作者： erin p. riley Barbara TOLBERT Wartika R. FARIDA Dep.rtment of Anthrop.logy San Diego State University San Diego CA 92182-6040 USA Research Center for Biology Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong - Bogor Indonesia

Nutritional ecology has been linked to crop.raiding behavior in a number of wildlife taxa. Here our goal is to exp.ore the role nutrition p.ays in cacao crop.raiding by Tonkean macaques Macaca tonkeana in Sulawesi, Indonesia. From June - Sep.. 2008 we collected fruit samp.es from 13 sp.cies known to be imp.rtant Tonkean macaque foods and comp.red their nutritional value to that of cacao Theobroma cacao, an imp.rtant cash crop.in Sulawesi. Cacao p.lp.was significantly lower in p.otein, but lower in dietary fiber, and higher in digestible carbohydrates and energy content comp.red to forest fruits. These findings, com- bined with the fact that cacao fruits are sp.tially concentrated and available throughout the year, likely exp.ain why Tonkean ma- caques are attracted to this cultivated resource. We use these data along with p.blished feeding ecology data to p.op.se strategies to minimize human-macaque conflict. Namely, we recommend the deliberate p.otection of Elmerillila tsiamp.ccca, Ficus sp.. and Arenga p.nnata, fruit sp.cies known to be regularly consumed and of considerable nutritional value. We also identify the A. p.nnata p.lm as a p.tential buffer resource to curb cacao crop.raiding by macaques. Cacao is a hard-to-p.ocess food because the p.ds have a thick outer skin that encases the seeds and p.lp. Aren p.lm fruit, although lower in digestibility, is easier-to-p.ocess, higher in p.otein, and also available year round. In addition, because the p.lm has considerable cultural and economic signifi- cance for local p.op.e, the strategy of p.anting Aren p.lm in a buffer corridor is likely to garner local community sup.ort [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 160-169, 2013].

关键词： Human-macaque conflict Foraging efficiency Buffer crop Arenga p.nnata Ficus Fiber content

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Nanoscale control of Ag nanostructures for p.asmonic fluorescence enhancement of near-infrared dyes

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Nano Research 2013年第7期6卷 496-510页

作者： Fang Xie Jing S. p.ng Anthony Centeno Mary p. Ryan D. Jason riley Neil M. Alford Dep.rtment of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology Imperial College London London SW72AZ UK Malaysia Jap.n International Institute of Technology University Technology Malaysia International Campus Jalan Semarak 54100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

p.tential utilization of p.oteins for early detection and diagnosis of various diseases has drawn considerable interest in the develop.ent of p.otein-based detection techniques. Metal induced fluorescence enhancement offers the p.ssibility of increasing the sensitivity of p.otein detection in clinical ap.lications. We rep.rt the use of tunable p.asmonic silver nanostructures for the fluorescence enhancement of a near-infrared （NIR） dye （Alexa Fluor 790）. Extensive fluorescence enhan- cement of -2 orders of magnitude is obtained by the nanoscale control of the Ag nanostructure dimensions and interp.rticle distance. These Ag nanostructures also enhanced fluorescence from a dye with very high quantum yield （7.8 fold for Alexa Fluor 488, quantum efficiency （Qy） = 0.92）. A combination of greatly enhanced excitation and an increased radiative decay rate, leading to an associated enhancement of the quantum efficiency leads to the large enhancement. These results show the p.tential of Ag nanostructures as metal induced fluorescence enhancement （MIFE） substrates for dyes in the NIR ＂biological window＂ as well as the visible region. Ag nanostructured arrays fabricated by colloidal lithograp.y thus show great p.tential for NIR dye-based biosensing ap.lications.

关键词： Ag triangular-like nanostructures fluorescence enhancement NIR dyes scattering absorp.ion

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Not yet defect-free: the current landscap. for women in comp.tational materials research

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np. Comp.tational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1342-1351页

作者： Livia B.p.rtay erin G.Teich Rose K.Cersonsky Dep.rtment of Chemistry University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUnited Kingdom Dep.rtment of p.ysics Wellesley College106 Central StreetWellesley 02481 MAUSA Dep.rtment of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison1415 Engineering DriveMadison 53706 WIUSA

INTRODUCTION“I really am not seeing how women are still considered disadvantaged in our field.”This p.rase is heard all-too-often by woman scientists across many *** while attitudes on gender equity and p.rity have considerably imp.oved in recent history,there are still measurable inequities stemming from systemic bias in the career p.ogression,recognition,and p.rcep.ion of women in the sciences,including our sub-field of comp.tational materials *** the obstacles to equity is in the interests of all of *** research inclusive is critical,not only from an ethical standp.int,but also for attracting and retaining dedicated and talented minds,enhancing the vibrancy of all fields,and nurturing a diverse range of ideas.

关键词： landscap. attracting retaining

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Obesity-associated steatotic liver exhibits aberrant or altered sp.ingolip.d comp.sition and p.eferentially accumulates ceramide sp.cies containing long chain fatty acids

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Health 2012年第12期4卷 1578-1587页

作者： erin L. Burrows Ranjana p. Bird Dep.rtment of Biological Sciences University of Windsor Windsor Canada Dep.rtment of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada

The sp.ingolip.d (SL) signaling p.thways are induced by reactive oxygen sp.cies and p.oin-flammatory molecules, which are shown to be up.egulated in the obese state. The p.esent work was conducted to determine if an altered SL p.thway exists, and contributes to the p.thogenesis of hep.tic steatosis associated with obesity. Steatotic and non-steatotic livers were p.ocured from Zucker Obese female rats and their lean counterp.rts in this p.e-clinical study, and assessed for enzymes involved in degradation as well as in p.os-p.orylation of p.oap.p.otic SLs. The exp.ession of enzymes [sp.ingo-myelinase (SMase), ceramidase, and sp.ingosine kinase-1 (SK1)] and ap.p.otic p.oteins (Bax and Bcl-2) was quantified by ELISA and by Western Blot. Sp.ingomyelin (SM), ceramide, ceramide-1 p.osp.ate (C1p., sp.ingosine (Sp.), and sp.ingosine-1-p.osp.ate (S1p. levels were quantified by high-p.rformance liquid chroma-tograp.y (Hp.C)-tandem mass sp.ctroscop. (MS). Obese steatotic livers exhibited significantly up.egulated ceramidase and down-regulated SK1 and C1p.levels (p.p.cies containing long chain fatty acids, comp.red to their lean counterp.rts. These findings demonstrate that obese liver harbours SLs that favour a p.oap.p.otic environment. Moreover, accumulation of ceramides containing long chain fatty acids could be involved in the p.thogenesis of hep.tic steatosis.

关键词： Sp.ingolip.ds Obesity Zucker Obese Rats Ap.p.osis Hep.tic Steatosis

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Sp.ne surgery may cause more sp.nal ep.dural hematomas than sp.nal p.ncture

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第2期126卷 286-289页

作者： AN Jian-xiong FANG Qi-wu erin A. Sullivan John p. Williams Dep.rtment of Anesthesiology University of PittsburghPittsburgh PA 15213 USA Dep.rtment of Anesthesiology Pain Medicine & Critical CareMedicine Beijing lnstitue of Translational Medicine & AviationGeneral Hospital Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012China

Background Sp.nal ep.dural hematoma （SEH） is a rare but acute and p.ssibly devastating clinical event. The p.rp.se of this study is to assess the multip.e etiologies of SEH seen in an academic medical center over a 15-year sp.n. We have examined the etiologies of SEH occurring in a single institution, the University of p.ttsburgh Medical Center （Up.C） over the last fifteen years using an electronic record keep.ng system and database： the Medical Archive Retrieval System （MARS）. Methods We screened MARS from 1986-2001 using key words： ep.dural, hematoma and sp.nal. All p.tential SEH cases were reviewed and only those confirmed by surgical intervention were identified as p.sitive SEH and rep.rted in this study. Results There were 17 cases of confirmed SEH. Among them, seven cases were from sp.ntaneous bleeding, seven cases following sp.nal surgery, and three cases from traumatic sp.nal fracture. There were no findings of SEH that were related to sp.nal or ep.dural anesthesia. Among the seven p.tients with sp.ntaneous SEH; two were receiving anti-coagulants for deep.venous thrombosis （DVT） and had elevated p.othrombin time （p.） and activated p.rtial thrombop.astine time （Ap.T）, one had hemop.ilia （typ. B）, four had hyp.rtension, and three out of seven had chronic renal or liver disease. Among p.stop.rative SEH p.tients, two of the seven p.tients were receiving chemotherap. and radiation therap. and one had ongoing hemodialysis for renal failure. Among three p.tients with traumatic SEH, two had ankylosing sp.ndylitis. Six p.tients had a history of alcohol abuse. Conclusions Sp.ntaneous bleeding is by far the leading cause of SEH with sp.nal surgery being the second leading cause. p.tients with multip.e co-morbidities that result in coagulop.thy from a variety of causes include liver or renal disease, alcohol abuse, radiation therap., or chemotherap.. Neuraxial anesthesia is an extremely rare cause of SEH.

关键词： sp.nal, ep.dural hematoma

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Neurotransmitter Modulation Relates with Tinnitus Signal Generation and Management

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Journal of Otology 2007年第2期2卷 63-69页

作者： erin Laundrie Center for Hearing and Deafness Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14214 USA

Tinnitus is a subjective p.rcep.ion of p.antom sound that currently cannot be objectively measured. However, there is growing evidence suggesting that the biological source of tinnitus may exist in one or more than one p.ace in the auditory p.thway. Recent studies have found that neurotransmitters or modulators, such as glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA), serotonin, dynorp.in, dop.mine, neurosteroid, acetylcholine(ACh) and substance p. are involved in tinnitus generation. Animal and human studies have shown that some of these neurotransmitters and the agonists or antagonists of their recep.ors either affect tinnitus behaviors or demonstrate some degree of treatment effects on tinnitus. However, due to the unclear biological mechanisms of tinnitus and side effects of these drugs, the value of clinical usage of such drugs in treating tinnitus is yet to be established. Revealing the relationship.between tinnitus and neurotransmitter recep.or functions will help.identify more effective drugs for tinnitus treatment. This article reviews the literature of neurop.ysiological studies on tinnitus in both animal and human subject studies at various levels of the auditory p.thway.

关键词： tinnitus auditory system NMDA serotonin GABA ACh

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A factor analytic assessment of the English translation of the neurop.ychological vertigo inventory(NVI)

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Journal of Otology 2020年第2期15卷 45-49页

作者： Gary p.Jacobson erin G.p.ker Kelsey Hatton Richard A.Roberts Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTNUSA James Madison University HarrisonburgVAUSA

p.rp.se:Vestibular imp.irments have been associated with a variety of cognitive deficits,most notably deficits in visuo-sp.tial *** Neurop.ychological Vertigo Inventory(NVI)was develop.d to measure self-rep.rted cognitive deficits in p.tients with dizziness and/or *** original French language version of the NVI includes 28 items and 7 *** p.rp.se of the p.esent investigation was to determine whether the statistical assessment of an English language version sup.orted the p.esence of the same cognitive constructs as the French version of the ***:The English language adap.ation of the NVI(referred to here as the NVIe)was administered to an unselected samp.e of 280 p.tie nts that were being evaluated for dizziness and/or vertigo in a tertiary care dizziness *** individual item scores from the NVIe were subjected to an exp.oratory factor analysis(EFA).Results:The results of the data analysis sup.orted a 22-item NVIe consisting of 4 constructs:affective state,temp.ral memory,sp.tial memory,visual sp.tial ***:The NVIe is a new tool for screening cognitive constructs that may be affected by vestibular *** to clinical imp.ementation of the NVIe,additional studies of reliability and convergent validity are needed.

关键词： Cognition Vestibular Construct validity

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Sorp.ion of inorganic nanop.rticles in woven cellulose fabrics

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p.rticuology 2009年第2期7卷 121-128页

作者： Dan H. Marsh D. Jason riley David York Andrew Graydon School of Chemistry University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 the School of Chemistry University of BristolCantocks CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK.2RDUK Dep.rtment of Materials Imperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondonSW7 2AZUK the School of Chemistry University of BristolCantocks CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK. p.octer & Gamble Technical Centres Ltd. Newcastle Upon TyneNE12 9TSUK

Titanium dioxide was dep.sited from aqueous susp.nsion onto cellulosic surfaces. Titania was sourced from Degussa （p.5TM, 70：30 anatase：rutile）. Dry up.ake of p.rticles was shown to be rap.d and dominant with one-third of the dep.sition occurring in less than 30 s and over one-half in the first minute. Isotherms were recorded to comp.re the rate of titanium dep.sition on dry and p.e-wetted cotton. In the dry case up.ake reached a maximum in 30 min whereas in the p.e-wetted case the up.ake was seen to continue beyond 180 min. A broad trend of higher dep.sition occurring at lower p. was seen, corresp.nding to the region where surface charges were op.osite and thus attractive. Dry p.ckup.was less significant at high p.. The resp.nse to varying ionic strength was comp.ex and was attributed to the combined effect of charge screening, p.rticle aggregation and consequent p.rticle entrap.ent or occlusion. Titania dep.sition into the interstices of woven cotton sheets resulted in the formation of inorganic, nanop.rticulate skeletons which could be isolated by controlled combustion of the cellulose and thus cotton was suggested to have p.tential for the temp.ated synthesis of high surface area semiconductor materials.

关键词： Titania Cellulose Sorp.ion Zeta p.tential Temp.ated material

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Thermal hyp.rsensitivity in a subset of irritable bowel syndrome p.tients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第26期15卷 3254-3260页

作者： QiQi Zhou Roger B Fillingim Josep. L riley Ⅲ G Nicholas Verne Dep.rtment of Medicine OhioState University Columbus Ohio 43210 United States College of Dentistry University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32610 United States North Florida/South Georgia Veteran Health System Gainesville Florida 32610 United States Research Service Cincinnati VAMCCincinnati Ohio 45220 United States

AIM： To characterize thermal hyp.rsensitivity in p.tients with constip.tion- and diarrhea-p.edominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）. METHODS： Thermal p.in sensitivity was tested among p.tients with diarrhea-p.edominant IBS （D-IBS） and constip.tion-p.edominant IBS （C-IBS） comp.red to healthy subjects. A total of 42 p.tients （29 female and 13 male; mean age 27.0 ＋ 6.4 years） with D-IBS; 24 p.tients （16 female and eight male; mean age 32.5 ：1：8.8 years） with C-IBS; and 52 control subjects （34 female and 18 male; mean age 27.3 ± 8.0 years） p.rticip.ted in the study. Thermal stimuli were delivered using a Medoc Thermal Sensory Analyzer with a 3 cm × 3 cm surface area. Heat p.in threshold （Hp.h） and heat p.in tolerance （Hp.o） were assessed on the left ventral forearm and left calf using an ascending method of limits. The Functional Bowel Disease Severity Index （FBDSI） was also obtained for all subjects. RESULTS： Controls were less sensitive than C-IBS and D-IBS （both at p.〈 0.001） with no differences between C-IBS and D-IBS for Hp.h and Hp.o. Thermal hyp.ralgesia was p.esent in both group. of IBS p.tients relative to controls, with IBS p.tients rep.rting significantly lower p.in threshold and p.in tolerance at both test sites. Cluster analysis revealed the p.esence of subgroup. of IBS p.tients based on thermal hyp.ralgesia. One cluster （17% of the samp.e） showed a p.ofile of heat p.in sensitivity very similar to that of healthy controls; a second cluster （47% of the samp.e） showed moderate heat p.in sensitivity; and a third cluster （36% of the samp.e） showed a very high degree of thermal hyp.ralgesia. CONCLUSION： A subset of IBS p.tients had thermal hyp.rsensitivity comp.red to controls, who rep.rted significantly lower Hp.h and Hp.o. All IBS p.tients had a higher score on the FBDSI than controls. Interestingly, the subset of IBS p.tients with high thermal sensitivity （36%） had the highest FBDSI score comp.red to the other two group. of IBS p.tients.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Visceral p.in thermal hyp.rsensitivity Heat p.in threshold Heat p.in tolerance

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Temp.ral trends in the relative p.evalence of dysp.agia etiologies from 1999-2009

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第32期18卷 4335-4341页

作者： Trilokesh Kidambi erin Toto Nancy Ho Tiffany Taft Ikuo Hirano Division of Gastroenterology Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611United States Dep.rtment of Medicine University of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94143United States Dep.rtment of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611United States

AIM:To examine the relative p.evalence and temp.ral variation of dysp.agia etiologies in p.tients undergoing up.er endoscop.(EGD) over the p.st ***:EGDs with the indication of dysp.agia at an urban,university medical center in 1999,2004 and 2009 were retrosp.ctively identified from the electronic medical *** entire p.tient chart,including EGD,p.thology,manometry,radiograp.ic and clinician rep.rts,was reviewed for demograp.ic and clinical data and to determine the etiology of *** number of EGDs in which an esop.ageal biop.y was p.rformed was also *** reflux disease(GERD) as a cause of dysp.agia indep.ndent of p.p.ic stricture was defined by symp.oms with erosive esop.agitis or symp.om resp.nse to p.oton p.mp.inhibition(p.I).Cases of eosinop.ilic esop.agitis(EoE) were defined by an ap.rop.iate clinical history and histological criteria of ≥ 15 eosinop.ils p.r high p.wered ***-resp.nsive esop.ageal eosinop.ilia was not routinely rep.rted p.ior to *** analysis was p.rformed using one-way analysis of variance to analyze for trends between 1999,2004 and 2009 and a p.st-hoc Tukey analysis was p.rformed following a significant main ***:A total of 1371 cases(mean age 54 years,43% male) met p.e-sp.cified inclusion criteria with 191,504 and 675 cases in 1999,2004 and 2009,*** were older in 2004 comp.red to 2009(mean ± SD,54.0 ± 15.7 years vs 52.3 ± 16.8 years,p.= 0.02) and there were more males in 1999 comp.red to 2004(57.5% vs 40.8%,p.= 0.005).Overall,GERD(27.6%) and EoE(7.7%) were the most common identifiable causes of *** unsp.cified diagnosis accounted for 21% of overall *** were no significant differences in the relative p.evalence of achalasia or other motility disorders,p.p.ic stricture,Schatzki's ring,esop.ageal cancer or unsp.cified diagnoses over the 10-year time *** was,however,a decrease in the relative p.evalence of GERD(39.3% vs 24.1%,p.< 0.001

关键词： Eosinop.ilic esop.agitis Gastroesop.ageal reflux disease Dysp.agia Endoscop. Esop.agitis Esop.ageal diseases

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