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Predicting the dynamics of local adaptation in invasive species

Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 268-274页

作者： erin k espeland USDA-ARS Pest Management Research Unit Sidney MT 59270USA

An invasive plant species may restrict its spread to only one type of habitat, or, after some time, may continue to spread into a different, often stressful, secondary, habitat. The question of whether evolution is required for an invasive species to spread from one habitat to another is currently hotly debated. In order for local adaptation to occur, genetic variation must be present within invasive populations. In this paper, I focus on the effect of habitat on the maintenance of genetic variation during the lag phase, the phase of population stability prior to expansion. Genetic diversity in invasive plant populations accumulates through multiple introductions, gene flow, mutation, and hybridization, but diversity is maintained by population level processes influencing effective population size （Ne）. I show that when the plastic response to the environment results in little variation in reproductive output among indi- viduals, Ne is maximized and genetic variation is maintained. Established models of plant competition show that below-ground competition reduces the variation in reproductive output, whereas competition for light increases variation in reproductive output. The same environments that maintain high Ne also reduce the opportunity for se- lection and minimize the response to selection, and thus the effects of the environment are synchronized to prevent genetic purges. When the primary invasion habitat supports high Ne, conditions are ripe for local adaptation to a secondary habitat, particularly if the secondary habitat has high opportunity for selection. When the primary invasion habitat supports low Ne, genetic diversity is less likely to be sufficient for local adaptation to secondary habitat to occur.

关键词： canalization phenotypic plasticity population expansion secondary invasion

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Invasive grasses consistently create similar plant-soil feedback types in soils collected from geographically distant locations

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第2期9卷 180-186页

作者： Lora B.Perkins Gary Hatfield erin k.espeland Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University1 N.Campus Dr.BrookingsSD 57007USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics South Dakota State University100 Admin LaneBrookingsSD 57007USA Pest Management Research Unit USDA-ARS NPARL1500 North Central AveSidneyMT 59270USA

Aims Plants of similar life forms and closely related species have been observed to create similar types of plant–soil feedbacks(PSFs).However,investigations of the consistency of PSFs within species have not yielded clear *** example,it has been reported that species create different types of PSFs in their native and introduced *** aim of this project is to examine if four species create similar PSF types from soils collected from widely distributed areas within their introduced *** soil for this project was collected from three areas in western North *** this design,we aim to determine species-and site-specific ability to create PSFs and if the type of PSF created is consistent in all soil from all three collection *** species examined are Agropyron cristatum,Centaurea solstitialis,Poa pratensis and Taeniatherum *** We used three-field collected soils(from northern Nevada,western Montana and eastern Montana)in a two-phase greenhouse experiment to quantify the type of PSFs created by four invasive *** first phase was a conditioning phase wherein each invasive species created species-specific changes to the *** second phase of the experiment was the response phase wherein both the conditioning species and a native phytometer were grown in the conditioned soil and in unconditioned(control)*** final aboveground biomass was used to evaluate the effect of conditioning and to determine the type of PSF created by each invasive *** Findings Our results suggest that three of our four study species did show consistency in relation to *** species *** and *** consistently created PSF types that benefit conspecifics more than heterospecifics(and thus are‘invasive’PSF types)and *** consistently exhibited no,or‘neutral’,*** fourth species(***)was inconsistent:in one soil,no feedback was created;in other soil,an invasive PSF was created and in t

关键词： plant-soil feedback invasion niche construction

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