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Transition to forefoot strike reduces load rates more effectively than altered cadence

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第3期9卷 248-257页

作者： erin E.Futrell K.Douglas Gross Darcy Reisman David R.Mullineaux Irene S.Davis Department of Physical Therapy Springfield CollegeSpringfieldMA 01109USA Spaulding National Running Center Harvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02138USA Department of Physical Therapy MGH Institute of Health ProfessionsBostonMA 02129USA Department of Physical Therapy University of DelawareNewarkDE 19713USA School of Sport and Exercise Science University of LincolnBrayford PoolLincolnBrayford PoolLN67TSUK Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

Background: Excessive vertical impacts at landing are associated with common running injuries. Two primary gait-retraining interventions aimed at reducing impact forces are transition to forefoot strike and increasing cadence. The objective of this study was to compare the shortand long-term effects of 2 gait-retraining interventions aimed at reducing landing ***: A total of 39 healthy recreational runners using a rearfoot strike and a cadence of 170 steps/min were randomized into cadence(CAD) or forefoot strike(FFS) groups. All participants performed 4 weeks of strengthening followed by 8 sessions of gait-retraining using auditory feedback. Vertical average load rates(VALR) and vertical instantaneous load rates(VILR) were calculated from the vertical ground reaction force curve. Both cadence and foot strike angle were measured using 3D motion analysis and an instrumented treadmill at baseline and at 1 week,1 month, and 6 months post ***: ANOVA revealed that the FFS group had significant reductions in VALR(49.7%) and VILR(41.7%), and changes were maintained long term. Foot strike angle in the FFS group changed from 14.2° dorsiflexion at baseline to 3.4° plantarflexion, with changes maintained long term. The CAD group exhibited significant reduction only in VALR(16%) and only at 6 months. Both groups had significant and similar increases in cadence at all follow-ups(CAD, +7.2% to 173 steps/min;and FFS, +6.1% to 172 steps/min).Conclusion: Forefoot strike gait-retraining resulted in significantly greater reductions in VALR and similar increases in cadence compared to cadence gait-retraining in the short and long term. Cadence gait-retraining resulted in small reductions in VALR at only the 6-month follow-up.

关键词： Foot strike Gait-retraining Physical therapy Running Step rate

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DISCRIMINATION OF MENTAL WORKLOAD LEVELS IN HUMAN SUBJECTS WITH FUNCTIONAL NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2008年第2期1卷 227-237页

作者： ANGELO SASSAROLI FENG ZHENG LEANNE M.HIRSHFIELD AUDREY GIROUARD erin TREACY SOLOVEY ROBERT J.K.JACOB SERGIO FANTINI Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University MedfordMA 02155USA†Department of Computer Science Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155USA

We have applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to the human forehead to distinguish different levels of mental workload on the basis of hemodynamic changes occurring in the prefrontal *** report data on 3 subjects from a protocol involving 3 mental workload levels based on to working memory *** quantify the potential of fNIRS for mental workload discrimination,we have applied a 3-nearest neighbor classification algorithm based on the amplitude of oxyhemoglobin(HbO2)and deoxyhemoglobin(HbR)concentration changes associated with the working memory *** have found classification success rates in the range of 44%-72%,which are significantly higher than the corresponding chance level(for random data)of 19.1%.This work shows the potential of fNIRS for mental workload classification,especially when more parameters(rather than just the amplitude of concentration changes used here)and more sophisticated classification algorithms(rather than the simple 3-nearest neighbor algorithm used here)are considered and optimized for this application.

关键词： Diffuse optical imaging near-infrared spectroscopy functional brain imaging working memory mental workload

Assessment of oxidative and UV-C treatments for inactivating bacterial biofilms from groundwater wells

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 39-49页

作者： Kyle E. MURRAY erin I. Manitou-ALVAREZ Enos C. INNISS Frank G. HEALY Adria A. BODOUR Oklahoma Geological Survey University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019-0628 USA ERA Environmental Consulting Dollard des Ormeaux Montreal Quebec H9B 2C81 Canada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri-Columbia MO 65211-2200 USA Department of Biology Trinity University One Trinity Place San Antonio TX 78212 USA Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE) San Antonio TX 78236 USA

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in natural environments and in water supply infrastructure including groundwater wells. Sessile-state microorganisms may build up on well surfaces as biofilms and, if excessive, cause biofouling that reduces well productivity and water quality. Conditions can be improved using biocides and other traditional well rehabilitation measures; however, biofilm regrowth is inevitable given the continuous introduction of microorganisms from the surrounding environment. Alternative and less invasive well maintenance approaches are desirable for reducing biofilm densities while also minimizing harmful disinfection-by- products. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate effectiveness of alternative treatments for inacti- vating microorganisms comprising biofilms. A novel approach was designed for in situ growth of biofilms on steel coupons suspended from ＇chandeliers＇. After more than 100 days of in situ growth, biofilms were harvested, sampled, and baseline biofilm densities quantifed through cultivation. Ultraviolet-C （UV-C） and oxidative treatments including hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, ozone （O3） and mixed oxidants were then applied to the biofilms in laboratory-scale treatments. Microbial inactivation was assessed by comparing treated versus baseline biofilm densities. H2O2 was the most effective treatment, and decreased density below baseline by as much as 3.1 orders of magnitude. Mixed oxidants were effective for the well having a lower density biofilm, decreasing density below baseline by as much as 1.4 orders of magnitude. Disparity in the response to treatment was apparent in the wells despite their spatial proximity and common aquifer source, which suggests that microbiological communities are more heterogeneous than the natural media from which they originate.

关键词： aquifer biofouling hydrogen peroxide sustainability well rehabilitation

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＂They Are Kind of Like Magic＂ Why U.S. Mothers Use Baby Videos With 12- to 24-Month-Olds

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Journalism and Mass Communication 2012年第7期2卷 771-785页

作者： erin L. Ryan Kennesaw State University Georgia USA

Although the American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP） recommends no ＂screen time＂ for children under age of two, parents in the US are ignoring this edict. Routinely, mothers are exposing their babies to media crafted specifically for this age group. This study seeks to ascertain the reason. What beliefs do mothers hold regarding the marketing of such media and the expected benefits to their young ones？ How does the use of videos such as Baby Einstein benefit the mother？ Although mothers reported that video creators want them to think the videos are educational, they are skeptical. However, they continue to let babies watch this ＂safe＂ content. Among the 28 mothers interviewed for this project, only four claimed to always watch with their child; the remainder used ＂video time＂ to do household chores. Overwhelmingly, mothers heard positive comments about videos from fellow parents, but rarely heard from their pediatricians about possible negative effects on the under-two＇ s.

关键词： Baby Einstein/Mozart Effect educational first-person effect baby videos

The Groovy Lifestyles of New Millennium

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英语学习 2000年第1期 10-11页

作者： erin Kelly 绿野

Bill Lord isn’t waiting for the new millennium tostart doing his part to protect the ***61-year-old college professor and retired TV journalistis using today’s technology to make a difference *** Lord retired from h... 详细信息

关键词： The Groovy Lifestyles of New Millennium

Identification of a 12-Gene Signature for Lung Cancer Prognosis through Machine Learning

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2011年第2期2卷 148-156页

作者： erin Bard Wei Hu 不详

Personalized medicine is critical for lung cancer treatment. Different gene signatures that can classify lung cancer patients as high- or low-risk for cancer recurrence have been found. The aim of this study is to identify a novel gene signature that has higher recurrence risk prediction accuracy for non-small cell lung cancer patients than previous re-search, which can clearly differentiate the high- and low-risk groups. To accomplish this we employed an ensemble of feature selection algorithms, an ensemble of classification algorithms, and a genetic algorithm, an evolutionary search algorithm. Compared to one previous study, our 12-gene signature more accurately classifies the patients in the training set (n = 256), 57.32% compared to 50.78%, as well as in the two test sets (n = 104 and n = 82), 67.07% compared to 54.9% and 57.32% compared to 54.8%;where the prediction accuracy was determined by the average of the four classifiers. Through Kaplan-Meier analysis on high- and low-risk patients our 12-gene signature revealed statistically significant risk differentiation in each data set: the training set had a p-value less than 0.001 (log-rank) and the two test sets had (log-rank) p-values less than 0.05. Analysis of the posterior probabilities revealed strong correlation between 5-year survival and the 12-gene signature. Also, functional pathway analysis uncovered associations between the 12-gene signature and cancer causing genes in the literature.

关键词： Bioinformatics Classification Feature Selection Gene Signature Kaplan-Meier Analysis Lung Cancer Machine Learning Personalized Medicine.

New“green revolution”cleaner cars and energy

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英语学习 2000年第2期 16-17页

作者：钟灵 erin Kelly

By 2010,you may be driving apollution-free,recyclable car,eating genetically engineered foodgrown without pesticides,avoidingrush-hour traffic jams by working andshopping at your home computer,andlighting your home wi... 详细信息

关键词：燃料电池 green revolution New cleaner cars and energy

Deconvolving the pre-Himalayan Indian margin-Tales of crustal growth and destruction

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 863-872页

作者： Christopher J.Spencer Brendan Dyck Catherine M.Mottram Nick M.W.Roberts Wei-Hua Yao erin L.Martin Earth Dynamics Research Group The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR) Department of Applied Geology Curtin University NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory British Geological Survey Department of Earth Sciences Simon Fraser University University Drive Department of Environment Earth and Ecosystems The Open UniversityWalton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Portsmouth Schoolof Earth Sciences and Engineering SunYat-sen University

The metamorphic core of the Himalaya is composed of Indian cratonic rocks with two distinct crustal affinities that are defined by radiogenic isotopic geochemistry and detrital zircon age spectra. One is derived predominantly from the Paleoproterozoic and Archean rocks of the Indian cratonic interior and is either represented as metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of the Lesser Himalayan Sequence(LHS) or as slices of the distal cratonic margin. The other is the Greater Himalayan Sequence(GHS) whose provenance is less clear and has an enigmatic affinity. Here we present new detrital zircon Hf analyses from LHS and GHS samples spanning over 1000 km along the orogen that respectively show a striking similarity in age spectra and Hf isotope ratios. Within the GHS, the zircon age populations at 2800-2500 Ma,1800 Ma, 1000 Ma and 500 Ma can be ascribed to various Gondwanan source regions; however, a pervasive and dominant Tonianage population(～860-800 Ma) with a variably enriched radiogenic Hf isotope signature(eHf = 10 to-20) has not been identified from Gondwana or peripheral accreted terranes. We suggest this detrital zircon age population was derived from a crustal province that was subsequently removed by tectonic erosion. Substantial geologic evidence exists from previous studies across the Himalaya supporting the Cambro-Ordovician Kurgiakh Orogeny. We propose the tectonic removal of Tonian lithosphere occurred prior to or during this Cambro-Ordovician episode of orogenesis in a similar scenario as is seen in the modern Andean and Indonesian orogenies, wherein tectonic processes have removed significant portions of the continental lithosphere in a relatively short amount of time. This model described herein of the pre-Himalayan northern margin of Greater India highlights the paucity of the geologic record associated with the growth of continental crust. Although the continental crust is the archive of Earth history, it is vital to recognize the ways in which preservation

关键词： Himalaya Gondwana Zircon Subduction erosion

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Endophthalmitis secondary to globe penetration from hydrogel scleral buckle

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2014年第3期7卷 585-586页

作者： Katrina A.Mears Rachel K.Sobel erin M.Shriver Elliott H.Sohn Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of iowa Carver College of Medicine 200 Hawkins Drive Iowa City 52242 Iowa USA

Dear Sir,Iam Dr Katrina ***,from the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences,University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine,200 Hawkins Drive,Iowa City,Iowa,USA.I wish to present a case of endophthalmitis secondary to globe penetration from a hydrogel scleral buckle which,to the best of our knowledge,is the first reported case

关键词： Endophthalmitis secondary to globe penetration from hydrogel scleral buckle Figure