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Dealing with detection error in site occupancy surveys: what can we do with a single survey?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第1期5卷 22-31页

作者： Subhash R.Lele Monica Moreno erin Bayne Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada T6G 2G1 Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada T6G 2G1

Aim Site occupancy probabilities of target species are commonly used in various ecological studies,*** monitor current status and trends in *** error introduces bias in the estimators of site *** methods for estimating occupancy probability in the presence of detection error use replicate *** methods assume population closure,*** site occupancy status remains constant across surveys,and independence between *** present an approach for estimating site occupancy probability in the presence of detection error that requires only a single survey and does not require assumption of population closure or *** place of the closure assumption,this method requires covariates that affect detection and *** Penalized maximum-likelihood method was used to estimate the *** of the parameters was checked using data *** boostrapping method was used for computing confidence *** Findings The single-survey approach facilitates analysis of historical datasets where replicate surveys are unavailable,situations where replicate surveys are expensive to conduct and when the assumptions of closure or independence are not *** method saves significant amounts of time,energy and money in ecological surveys without sacrificing statistical ***,we show that occupancy and habitat suitability are not synonymous and suggest a method to estimate habitat suitability using single-survey data.

关键词： abundance estimation biodiversity BBS closed population data cloning penalized likelihood species occurrence

Temporal trends in the relative prevalence of dysphagia etiologies from 1999-2009

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第32期18卷 4335-4341页

作者： Trilokesh Kidambi erin Toto Nancy Ho Tiffany Taft Ikuo Hirano Division of Gastroenterology Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611United States Department of Medicine University of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94143United States Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611United States

AIM:To examine the relative prevalence and temporal variation of dysphagia etiologies in patients undergoing upper endoscopy(EGD) over the past ***:EGDs with the indication of dysphagia at an urban,university medical center in 1999,2004 and 2009 were retrospectively identified from the electronic medical *** entire patient chart,including EGD,pathology,manometry,radiographic and clinician reports,was reviewed for demographic and clinical data and to determine the etiology of *** number of EGDs in which an esophageal biopsy was performed was also *** reflux disease(GERD) as a cause of dysphagia independent of peptic stricture was defined by symptoms with erosive esophagitis or symptom response to proton pump inhibition(PPI).Cases of eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE) were defined by an appropriate clinical history and histological criteria of ≥ 15 eosinophils per high powered ***-responsive esophageal eosinophilia was not routinely reported prior to *** analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance to analyze for trends between 1999,2004 and 2009 and a post-hoc Tukey analysis was performed following a significant main ***:A total of 1371 cases(mean age 54 years,43% male) met pre-specified inclusion criteria with 191,504 and 675 cases in 1999,2004 and 2009,*** were older in 2004 compared to 2009(mean ± SD,54.0 ± 15.7 years vs 52.3 ± 16.8 years,P = 0.02) and there were more males in 1999 compared to 2004(57.5% vs 40.8%,P = 0.005).Overall,GERD(27.6%) and EoE(7.7%) were the most common identifiable causes of *** unspecified diagnosis accounted for 21% of overall *** were no significant differences in the relative prevalence of achalasia or other motility disorders,peptic stricture,Schatzki's ring,esophageal cancer or unspecified diagnoses over the 10-year time *** was,however,a decrease in the relative prevalence of GERD(39.3% vs 24.1%,P < 0.001

关键词：发病率吞咽时间病因嗜酸性粒细胞临床医生质子泵抑制剂流行程度

Nutritional content explains the attractiveness of cacao to crop raiding Tonkean macaques

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 160-169页

作者： erin P. RILEY Barbara TOLBERT Wartika R. FARIDA Department of Anthropology San Diego State University San Diego CA 92182-6040 USA Research Center for Biology Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong - Bogor Indonesia

Nutritional ecology has been linked to crop raiding behavior in a number of wildlife taxa. Here our goal is to explore the role nutrition plays in cacao crop raiding by Tonkean macaquesMacaca tonkeanain Sulawesi, Indonesia. From June – Sept. 2008 we collected fruit samples from 13 species known to be important Tonkean macaque foods and compared their nutritional value to that of cacaoTheobroma cacao, an important cash crop in Sulawesi. Cacao pulp was significantly lower in protein, but lower in dietary fiber, and higher in digestible carbohydrates and energy content compared to forest fruits. These findings, combined with the fact that cacao fruits are spatially concentrated and available throughout the year, likely explain why Tonkean macaques are attracted to this cultivated resource. We use these data along with published feeding ecology data to propose strategies to minimize human-macaque conflict. Namely, we recommend the deliberate protection ofElmerillila tsiampaccca,Ficusspp. andArenga pinnata, fruit species known to be regularly consumed and of considerable nutritional value. We also identify theA. pinnatapalm as a potential buffer resource to curb cacao crop raiding by macaques. Cacao is a hard-to-process food because the pods have a thick outer skin that encases the seeds and pulp. Aren palm fruit, although lower in digestibility, is easier-to-process, higher in protein, and also available year round. In addition, because the palm has considerable cultural and economic significance for local people, the strategy of planting Aren palm in a buffer corridor is likely to garner local community support.

关键词：经济作物可可树营养成分猕猴吸引力营养生态学营养价值耕地资源

Presenting patterns of dermatology conditions to an Australian emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第2期11卷 74-78页

作者： Emily Shao Chantelle Judge erin McMeniman Tina Bazianas Rob Eley Emergency Department Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia Faculty of Medicine University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Dermatology Department Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia

Approximately 5% 8% of emergency department (ED) presentations are due to a dermatological condition. This study aimed to identify and characterise patients with skin conditions presenting to a busy ED. METHODS: A 5-year retrospective study on patients with dermatological conditions presenting to the Princess Alexandra Hospital ED in Brisbane, Australia was performed. Electronic medical records were used to compare demographics and admission status of the dermatology group and the total ED group presentations. A prospective survey was conducted on low priority triage (triage 4 and 5) patients identifying reasons presenting to the ED. RESULTS: Of a total 281,718 ED presentations, 11,748 dermatology presentations were identified between January 2012 to December 2016. Of the dermatology presentations, 41.5% were female and had an average age of 47. The most common dermatology presentations were cellulitis, abscess, rash unspecified, and ulcer. Of those admitted, 36% were female, average age was 53, mean length of stay of 294 minutes and 83.1% had an infectious aetiology. Of triage 4 and 5 presentations, 66% patients we approached had been seen by a health practitioner prior to coming to the ED. CONCLUSION: Within the population presenting with a skin related condition to the Princess Alexandra Hospital ED, characteristics associated with admission include male sex, older age, and an infectious etiology. This data may help ED clinicians decide on the discharge disposition of these patients. There may be a role for streamlined admissions for skin related infections, or improved hospital in the home services to support this group.

关键词： Pcellulitis Skin Dermatology Emergency department

Fecal microbial diversity and putative function in captive western lowland gorillas(Gorilla gorilla gorilla),common chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes),Hamadryas baboons(Papio hamadryas)and binturongs(Arctictis binturong)

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第5期9卷 557-569页

作者： erin A.McKENNEY Melissa ASHWELL Joanna E.LAMBERT Vivek FELLNER Department of Animal Sciences North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Anthropology The University of Texas at San AntonioTexasUSA

Microbial populations in the gastrointestinal tract contribute to host health and *** gut microbial ecology is well studied in livestock and domestic animals,little is known of the endogenous populations inhabiting primates or *** characterized microbial populations in fecal cultures from gorillas(Gorilla gorilla gorilla),common chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes),Hamadryas baboons(Papio hamadryas)and binturongs(Arctictis binturong)to compare the microbiomes associated with different gastrointestinal morphologies and different omnivorous feeding *** species was fed a distinct standardized diet for 2 weeks prior to fecal *** diets were formulated to reflect the species’feeding strategies in *** fecal samples were pooled within species and used to inoculate in vitro batch ***,propionate,butyrate and valerate were measured after 24 h of *** DNA was extracted from individual fecal samples,pooled,and the cpn60 gene region was amplified and then sequenced to identify the major eubacterial constituents associated with each host *** chain fatty acids(P<0.001)and methane(P<0.001)were significantly different across *** profiles were consistent with fermentation data and suggest an increase in diversity with dietary fiber.

关键词： ecology fermentation gastrointestinal microbiota microbial diversity

Childhood chronic gastritis and duodenitis: Role of altered sensory neuromediators

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第37期22卷 8349-8360页

作者： Ali Islek Aygen Yilmaz Gulsum Ozlem Elpek Nuray erin Department of Pediatric Gastro-enterology Akdeniz University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Akdeniz University School of Medicine Department of Medical Pharmacology Akdeniz University School of Medicine

AIM To investigate the roles of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP), substance P(SP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) in chronic gastritis and duodenitis in *** Biopsy samples from the gastric and duodenal mucosa of 52 patients and 30 control subjects were obtained. Samples were taken for pathological examination, immunohistochemical staining, enzyme activity measurements and quantitative measurements of tissue peptide *** We observed differential effects of the disease on peptide levels, which were somewhat different from previously reported changes in chronic gastritis in adults. Specifically, SP was increased and CGRP and VIP were decreased in patients with gastritis. The changes were more prominent at sites where gastritis was severe, but significant changes were also observedin neighboring areas where gastritis was less severe. Furthermore, the degree of changes was correlated with the pathological grade of the disease. The expression of CD10, the enzyme primarily involved in SP hydrolysis, was also decreased in patients with *** Based on these findings, we propose that decreased levels of VIP and CGRP and increased levels of SP contribute to pathological changes in gastric mucosa. Hence, new treatments targeting these molecules may have therapeutic and preventive effects.

关键词： Gastritis Neuropeptides Childhood Neutral endopeptidase

Prediction of esophageal and gastric histology by macroscopic diagnosis during upper endoscopy in pediatric celiac disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第4期23卷 646-652页

作者： erin D Boschee Jason YK Yap Justine M Turner Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton Clinic Health Academy University of Alberta Hospital Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alberta

AIM To determine the sensitivity of macroscopic appearance for predicting histological diagnosis at sites other than duodenum in pediatric celiac disease(CD).METHODS Endoscopic and histologic findings in pediatric patients undergoing upper endoscopy for first-time diagnosis of CD at Stollery Children's Hospital from 2010-2012 were retrospectively *** Clinical charts from 140 patients were reviewed. Esophageal and gastric biopsies were taken in 54.3% and 77.9% of patients, respectively. Endoscopic appearance was normal in the esophagus and stomach in 75% and 86.2%. Endoscopic esophageal diagnoses were eosinophilic esophagitis(EE)(11.8%), esophagitis(7.9%), glycogenic acanthosis(1.3%) and non-specific abnormalities(3.9%). Endoscopic gastric diagnoses were gastritis(8.3%), pancreatic rest(0.9%), and nonspecific abnormalities(4.6%). Histology was normal in 76.3% of esophageal and 87.2% of gastric speci-mens. Abnormal esophageal histology was EE(10.5%), esophagitis(10.5%), glycogenic acanthosis(1.3%) and non-specific(1.3%). Gastritis was reported in 12.8% of specimens. Sensitivity and specificity of normal endoscopy for predicting normal esophageal histology was 86.2% and 61.1%, and for normal gastric histology was 87.4% and 21.4%.CONCLUSION In the absence of macroscopic abnormalities, routine esophageal and gastric biopsy during endoscopy for pediatric CD does not identify major pathologies. These findings have cost and time saving implications for clinical practice.

关键词：内视镜检查法组织学食管胃的活体检视腹的疾病

Invasive grasses consistently create similar plant-soil feedback types in soils collected from geographically distant locations

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第2期9卷 180-186页

作者： Lora B.Perkins Gary Hatfield erin K.Espeland Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University1 N.Campus Dr.BrookingsSD 57007USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics South Dakota State University100 Admin LaneBrookingsSD 57007USA Pest Management Research Unit USDA-ARS NPARL1500 North Central AveSidneyMT 59270USA

Aims Plants of similar life forms and closely related species have been observed to create similar types of plant–soil feedbacks(PSFs).However,investigations of the consistency of PSFs within species have not yielded clear *** example,it has been reported that species create different types of PSFs in their native and introduced *** aim of this project is to examine if four species create similar PSF types from soils collected from widely distributed areas within their introduced *** soil for this project was collected from three areas in western North *** this design,we aim to determine species-and site-specific ability to create PSFs and if the type of PSF created is consistent in all soil from all three collection *** species examined are Agropyron cristatum,Centaurea solstitialis,Poa pratensis and Taeniatherum *** We used three-field collected soils(from northern Nevada,western Montana and eastern Montana)in a two-phase greenhouse experiment to quantify the type of PSFs created by four invasive *** first phase was a conditioning phase wherein each invasive species created species-specific changes to the *** second phase of the experiment was the response phase wherein both the conditioning species and a native phytometer were grown in the conditioned soil and in unconditioned(control)*** final aboveground biomass was used to evaluate the effect of conditioning and to determine the type of PSF created by each invasive *** Findings Our results suggest that three of our four study species did show consistency in relation to *** species *** and *** consistently created PSF types that benefit conspecifics more than heterospecifics(and thus are‘invasive’PSF types)and *** consistently exhibited no,or‘neutral’,*** fourth species(***)was inconsistent:in one soil,no feedback was created;in other soil,an invasive PSF was created and in t

关键词： plant-soil feedback invasion niche construction