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Predicting the dynamics of local adaptation in invasive species

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 268-274页

作者： erin K ESPELAND USDA-ARS Pest Management Research Unit Sidney MT 59270USA

An invasive plant species may restrict its spread to only one type of habitat, or, after some time, may continue to spread into a different, often stressful, secondary, habitat. The question of whether evolution is required for an invasive species to spread from one habitat to another is currently hotly debated. In order for local adaptation to occur, genetic variation must be present within invasive populations. In this paper, I focus on the effect of habitat on the maintenance of genetic variation during the lag phase, the phase of population stability prior to expansion. Genetic diversity in invasive plant populations accumulates through multiple introductions, gene flow, mutation, and hybridization, but diversity is maintained by population level processes influencing effective population size （Ne）. I show that when the plastic response to the environment results in little variation in reproductive output among indi- viduals, Ne is maximized and genetic variation is maintained. Established models of plant competition show that below-ground competition reduces the variation in reproductive output, whereas competition for light increases variation in reproductive output. The same environments that maintain high Ne also reduce the opportunity for se- lection and minimize the response to selection, and thus the effects of the environment are synchronized to prevent genetic purges. When the primary invasion habitat supports high Ne, conditions are ripe for local adaptation to a secondary habitat, particularly if the secondary habitat has high opportunity for selection. When the primary invasion habitat supports low Ne, genetic diversity is less likely to be sufficient for local adaptation to secondary habitat to occur.

关键词： canalization phenotypic plasticity population expansion secondary invasion

Meet Your Animal Friends

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小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2022年第3期 36-37页

作者： erin Hunter 不详

A Kinetic Analysis of Golf Swings Performed by Healthy Older Adult Males

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第1期4卷 74-81页

作者： Anna C.Severin C.Lowry Barnes erin M.Mannen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences4301 W.Markham StSlot 531Little RockAR 72205USA Department of Human Movement Science Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway

Purpose The kinetic profile of golf swings is frequently assessed in ***,most research is limited to young golfers,so the mechanical demands on older athletes are poorly *** study provides kinetic data of older golfers swinging with a driver and a *** We examined 17 older,skilled male golfers(62.2±8.8 years,handicap 8.7±4.9)using a 10-camera motion cap-ture system and two force ***-dimensional net support moments,joint moments of the hip,knee,and ankle,ground reaction forces(GRF),and the inclination angles between the centre of mass(COM)and centre of pressure(COP)were calculated and tested for between-club *** The 3D net support moments of the trail leg were higher when using the driver,while those of the lead leg were higher with the ***-club differences existed in the relative contribution from each joint,the COM-COP inclina-tion angles,and the peak *** The mechanical demands of golf swings on older adults differ between a driver and a 6-iron,which likely affects the balance and control strategies *** improved understanding of the kinetic profiles of golf swings in older adults provide clinicians and coaches better means to maintain older golfers active and healthy for longer.

关键词： Center of pressure Ground reaction forces 3D net support moment Biomechanics Golf Elderly

Heart failure symptom burden,dietary intake,and inflammation:An integrative review of the literature

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Journal of Integrative Nursing 2023年第2期5卷 81-92页

作者： Erica DAVIS Sandra DUNBAR Melinda HIGGINS Kathryn WOOD erin FERRANTI Alanna MORRIS Brittany BUTTS Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing AtlantaGeorgiaUnited States of America

Heart failure(HF)is characterized by high symptom burden including,but not limited to fatigue,dyspnea,and *** to 21.5%of HF patients experience significant depressive symptoms,much higher than 7.1%in adults without ***,metabolites,and other inflammatory mechanisms have gained notable attention in recent studies for contributions to symptoms in *** for black adults(B/As)with HF are often influenced by lifestyle factors,which may influence their higher mortality rates;few studies address these *** the links between key elements with diet,inflammation,and symptoms may bring clarity for new dietary strategies in HF clinical *** purpose of this integrative review is to examine the existing literature regarding relationships among physiologic pathways in HF along with physical and emotional symptoms in the context of inflammation,dietary intake,tumor necrosis factor‑alpha(TNF‑a),a biomarker of inflammation,and trimethylamine‑N‑Oxide(TMAO).Based on available evidence,inflammation may be a key link between physical symptoms,diet,depression,TMAO,and TNF‑a in persons with HF and warrants further examination to clarify pathological links to solidify evidence for better guidance with dietary *** literature reviewed in this study demonstrates that more work is needed to examine dietary planning,social support,and differences between men and women in the B/A *** of this literature review call attention to the essential,personalized care needs related to symptom monitoring and dietary planning which is expected to decrease symptom burden in the HF population.

关键词： Depression diet/dietary patterns heart failure inflammation symptom burden trimethylamine‑N‑oxide

Impact of alcohol on hepatitis C virus replication and interferon signaling

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第11期16卷 1337-1343页

作者： erin M McCartney Michael R Beard Centre for Cancer Biology Hanson Centre School of Molecular and Biomedical Science University of Adelaide

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the main etiological factors responsible for liver disease worldwide. It has been estimated that there are over 170 million people infected with HCV worldwide. Of these infected individuals, approximately 75% will go on to develop a life long necroinflammatory liver disease, which over decades, can result in serious complications, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently there is no effective vaccine and whilst antiviral therapies have been improved, they are still only effective in approximately 50% of individuals. HCV infection stands as a major cause of global morbidity and suffering, and places a signifi cant burden on health systems. The second highest cause of liver disease in the western world is alcoholic liver disease. Frequently, HCV infected individuals consume alcohol, and the combined effect of HCV and alcohol consumption is deleterious for both liver disease and response to treatment. This review discusses the impact of alcohol metabolism on HCV replication and the negative impact on interferon (IFN)-α treatment, with a particular focus on how alcohol and HCV act synergistically to increase oxidative stress, ultimately leading to exacerbated liver disease and a reduction in the effi cacy of IFN-α treatment. A better understanding of the complicated mechanisms at play in hepatocytes infected with HCV and metabo- lizing alcohol will hopefully provide better treatment options for chronic hepatitis C individuals that consume alcohol.

关键词： Alcohol metabolism Hepatitis C virus Reactive oxygen species Interferon signaling

Self-reported physical functioning,cardiometabolic health conditions, and healthcare utilization patterns in Million Veteran Program enrollees with Traumatic Brain Injury Screening and Evaluation Program data

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Military Medical Research 2023年第5期10卷 587-598页

作者： Alexandra L.Clark Makenna B.McGill erin D.Ozturk David M.Schnyer Catherine Chanfreau‑Cofnier Victoria C.Merritt Research Service VA San Diego Healthcare System(VASDHS)San DiegoCA92161USA Department of Psychology The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA San Diego State University/University of CaliforniaSan Diego Joint Doctoral Program San DiegoCA 92120USA VA Informaticsand Computing Infrastructure(VINCI) VA Salt Lake City Health Care SystemSalt Lake CityUT 84148USA Department of Psychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 29093USA Center of Excel‑lence for Stress and Mental Health VASDHSSan Diego 92161USA

Background Examining the health outcomes of veterans who have completed the United States Veterans Health Administration’s(VHA’s)Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI)Screening and Evaluation Program may aid in the refinement and improvement of clinical care initiatives within the *** study compared self-reported physical functioning,cardiometabolic health conditions,and health care utilization patterns in Million Veteran Program enrollees with TBI Screening and Evaluation Program data(collected between 2007 and 2019),with the goal of enhancing understanding of potentially modifiable health conditions in this *** In this observational cohort study,veterans(n=16,452)were grouped based on the diagnostic outcome of the TBI Screening and Evaluation Program:1)negative TBI screen(Screen^(-));2)positive TBI screen but no confirmed TBI diagnosis[Screen^(+)/Comprehensive TBI Evaluation(CTBIE)^(-)];or 3)positive TBI screen and confirmed TBI diagnosis(Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(+)).Chi-square tests and analysis of covariance were used to explore group differences in physical functioning,cardiometabolic health conditions,and health care utilization patterns,and logistic regressions were used to examine predictors of Screen^(+/-)and CTBIE^(+/-)group *** The results showed that veterans in the Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(-)and Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(+)groups generally reported poorer levels of physical functioning(P’s0.5)compared with the Screen-group;however,health outcomes were generally comparable between the Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(-)and Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(+)***-up analyses confirmed that while physical functioning,hypertension,stroke,healthcare utilization,and prescription medication use reliably distinguished between the Screen-and Screen^(+)groups(P’s<0.02,OR’s 0.78 to 3.38),only physical functioning distinguished bet

关键词： Traumatic brain injury(TBI)screen Comprehensive TBI Evaluation(CTBIE) Health outcomes Cardiometabolichealth Veterans Million Veteran Program(MVP)

Focal seizure associated with human parvovirus B19 infection in a non-encephalopathic child

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世界儿科杂志:英文版 2016年第1期12卷 118-120页

作者： Debopam Samanta erin Willis Division of Child Neurology University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA

Background:The incidence of acute symptomatic(at the time of documented brain insult)seizures and single unprovoked seizures are 29-39 and 23-61 per 100000 per year,*** stabilization of the patient,fi nding the etiology of the seizure is of paramount importance.A careful history and physical examination may allow a diagnosis without need for further ***:In the literature,severe central nervous system involvement has been reported from human parvovirus B19 *** reported a previously healthy 7-year-old girl who presented after an episode of focal *** was afebrile and didn't have any focal neurological *** had erythematous malar rash along with reticulating pattern of rash over her both upper ***:Parvovirus infection was suspected due to the characteristic erythematous malar *** human parvovirus B19 DNA polymerase chain reaction was positive which was consistent with acute parvovirus *** confirmation of current infection was done with Sandwich enzyme immunoassays showing positive anti-B19 IgM Index(>1.1).IgG index was equivocal(0.9-1.1).Conclusions:We report an extremely rare presentation of non-febrile seizure from acute parvovirus infection in a child without encephalopathy who had an excellent *** diagnosis can provide counselling regarding future seizure recurrence risk,curtail expenditure from expensive diagnostic work up and provide additional recommendations about potential risks to a pregnant caregiver.

关键词： erythema infectiosum human parvovirus B19 nonfebrile seizure

Selective neuronal PTEN deletion：can we take the brakes off of growth without losing control？

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第8期11卷 1201-1203页

作者： erin A.Gutilla Oswald Steward Reeve-Irvine Research Center University of California Irvine School of Medicine Irvine CA USA Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology University of California Irvine School of Medicine Irvine CA USA Department of Neurobiology & Behavior University of California Irvine School of Medicine Irvine CA USA : Department of Neurosurgery University of California Irvine School of Medicine Irvine CA USA Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory University of California Irvine School of Medicine Irvine CA USA

The limited ability for injured adult axons to regenerate is a major cause for limited functional recovery after injury to the nervous system,motivating numerous efforts to uncover mechanisms capable of enhancing regeneration *** promising strategy involves deletion or knockdown of the phosphatase and tensin（PTEN） *** genetic deletion of PTEN before,immediately following,or several months after spinal cord injury enables neurons of the corticospinal tract（CST） to regenerate their axons across the lesion,which is accompanied by enhanced recovery of skilled voluntary motor functions mediated by the *** conditional genetic deletion or knockdown of PTEN in neurons enables axon regeneration,PTEN is a well-known tumor suppressor and mutations of the PTEN gene disrupt brain development leading to neurological abnormalities including macrocephaly,seizures,and early *** long-term consequences of manipulating PTEN in the adult nervous system,as would be done for therapeutic intervention after injury,are only now being ***,we summarize evidence indicating that long-term deletion of PTEN in mature neurons does not cause evident pathology; indeed,cortical neurons that have lived without PTEN for over 1 year appear robust and *** to date provide only a first look at potential negative consequences of PTEN deletion or knockdown,but the absence of any detectable neuropathology supports guarded optimism that interventions to enable axon regeneration after injury are achievable.

关键词： PTEN roTOR spinal cord injury corticospinal tract motor system axon regeneration recovery of function

Epidermal collagenase activity and its induction by 20-hydroxyecdysone in the fiddler crab Uca pugilator

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Current Zoology 2009年第1期55卷 75-80页

作者： erin A. TOUPS Enmin ZOU Department of Biological Sciences Nicholls State University

The epidermal collagenase activity and its induction by 20-hydroxyecdysone in Uca pugilator were investigated. Zymographic electrophoresis showed four bands of collagenase activity,16,19,22 and 29 kDa in molecular weight,with the former two accounting for 60% and 36%,respectively,of the total collagenase activity. The collagenase activity varies during the molting cycle. Among the molt stages tested,Premolt Stage D0 exhibited the highest epidermal collagenase activity for both the 16 and 19 kDa isoenzymes and,as the molt stage proceeded,the enzymatic activity of these two isoenzymes decreased,with the lowest activity for both found in Premolt Stage D 3-4. Injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone significantly induced the activity of the 16 kDa collagenase in the epidermis of Uca pugilator,suggesting that the activity of this isoenzyme is under molting hormone control. Although 20-hydroxyecdysone injection did not result in a statistically significant increase in the activity of the 19 kDa isoenzyme,a tendency of the induction was nonetheless demonstrated. This is the first report on epidermal collagenase activity and its induction by the molting hormone in a

关键词：招潮蟹生理特征表皮胶原酶活性