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VIGE:virus-induced genome editing for improving abiotic and biotic stress traits in plants

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Stress Biology 2022年第1期2卷 675-684页

作者： Irene n.Gentzel erik W.Ohlson Margaret G.Redinbaugh Guo-Liang Wang Department of Plant Pathology The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA USDA Agricultural Research ServiceCornSoybean and Wheat Quality Research UnitWoosterOH 44691USA

Agricultural production is hampered by disease,pests,and environmental *** minimize yield loss,it is important to develop crop cultivars with resistance or tolerance to their respective biotic and abiotic *** techniques are not optimized for many species and desirable cultivars may not be amenable to genetic transformation,necessitating inferior cultivar usage and time-consuming introgression through backcrossing to the preferred *** these limitations will greatly facilitate the development of disease,insect,and abiotic stress tolerant *** such avenue for rapid crop improvement is the development of viral systems to deliver CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technology to plants to generate targeted beneficial *** delivery of genomic editing constructs can theoretically be applied to span the entire host range of the virus utilized,circumventing the challenges associated with traditional transformation and breeding *** we explore the types of viruses that have been optimized for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery,the phenotypic outcomes achieved in recent studies,and discuss the future potential of this rapidly advancing technology.

关键词： Biotic stress Abiotic stress CRISPR/Cas9 Plants Virus Gene editing

Influence of oil viscosity on oil-water core-annular flow through a horizontal pipe

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Petroleum 2019年第2期5卷 199-205页

作者： erik van Duin Ruud Henkes Gijs Ooms m.burgerscentrum delft university of technologyfaculty of mechanicalmaritimeand materials engineering(3me)laboratory for aero-&hydrodynamicsmekelweg 22628 sc delftthe netherlands shell projects and technology po box 380001030 bn amsterdamthe netherlands

An experimental study has been made of oil-water core-annular flow in a horizontal pipe with special attention for the influence of the oil viscosity on the pressure *** that purpose a heating system has been installed and configured that is able to control the oil temperature,such that the oil viscosity could be varied between 3000 cSt at 20C and 400 cSt at 50*** oil flow rate was kept at a constant value of 0.35 l/s,whereas the watercut was varied between 9%and 25%.The measured pressure drop is scaled with the calculated pressure drop of only oil flowing at the same flow rate and *** main conclusion is that for a large oil viscosity the scaled pressure drop is almost independent of the watercut,whereas with decreasing viscosity the scaled pressure drop becomes strongly dependent on the *** of the oil-water interface shows a more irregular wave shape with smaller wave lengths when the viscosity is *** is very good agreement between the predictions of the model of Ullmann&Brauner for the scaled pressure drop and the measurements.

关键词： viscosity flow annular

Hydrological Responses and Flow Pathways in an Acrisol on a Forested Hillslope with a Monsoonal Subtropical Climate

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Pedosphere 2017年第6期27卷 1037-1048页

作者： Lars-erik SORBOTTEn Jannes STOLTE WAnG Yanhui Jan MULDER norconsult AS N-1338 Sandvika(Norway) norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research(nIBIO) N-1430 Aas(Norway) Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091(China) Department of Environmental Sciences Norwegian University of Life SciencesN-1432 Aas(Norway)

The nature of subsurface flow depends largely on hydraulic conductivity of the vadoze zone, permeability of the underlying bedrock, existence of soil layers differing in hydraulic properties and macropore content, soil depth, and slope *** of flow pathways on forested hillslopes is essential to understand hydrological dynamics and solute transport ***, with their argic Bt horizons, are challenging in this *** further elucidate flow pathways of water and short-term variability of soil moisture patterns in Acrisols, a field study was conducted on a forested hillslope in a sub-catchment of the Tie Shan Ping(TSP)watershed, 25 km northeast of Chongqing City, *** catchment is covered by a mixed secondary forest dominated by Masson pine(Pinus massoniana).Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity(K sat) was significantly reduced at the interface between the AB and Bt horizons(2.6 × 10^(-5) vs.1.2 × 10^(-6) m s^(-1)), which led to that the flow volume generated in the Bt horizon was of little quantitative importance compared to that in the AB *** was a marked decrease in porosity between the OA and AB horizons, with a further decrease deeper in the mineral ***, the content of soil pores > 300 μm was higher in the AB horizon(14.3%)than in the Bt horizon(6.5%).This explained the difference in soil K sat *** study showed that Bt horizon had limited water transport capability, forcing part of the infiltrated rainwater as interflow through the OA and AB ***, the topsoil responded quickly to rainfall events, causing frequent cycles of saturation and aeration of soil pores.

关键词： dye tracer hillslope hydrology hydraulic conductivity preferential flow soil pores subsurface lateral flow

Fecal microbiome of growing pigs fed a cereal based diet including chicory(Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort(Plantago lanceolata L.) forage

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第2期7卷 167-175页

作者： Johan Dicksved Janet K.Jansson Jan erik Lindberg Department of Animal nutrition and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Microbiology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Division of Biology Earth and Biological Sciences Pacific Northwest National Laboratories

Background： The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community（microbiome） in newly weaned（35 days of age） *** piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without（B） and with inclusion（80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage） of vegetative shoots of chicory（C） and leaves of ribwort（R） forage in a 35-day growth trial. Fecal samples were collected at the start（D0）, 17（D17） and 35（D35） days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism（T-RFLP）. 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16 S r RnA gene amplicons was used to analyze the microbial composition in a subset of the samples already analyzed with ***： The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but diet effects could also be observed. Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema,Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. Pigs fed ribwort had an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema and a reduction in lactobacilli. However, the abundance of Prevotellaceae increased with age in on both the chicory and the ribwort diet. Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of ***： This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. Moreover, this study showed that the gut will be exposed to a dramatic shift in the microbial community structure several weeks after weaning.

关键词： Amplicon sequencing Chicory Microbiome Ribwort Uronic acid Weaning 16S

Use of Standard Operating Procedures for Supporting Cross-Organizational Emergency Management: Challenges and Opportunities Identified from a Tabletop Exercise

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第5期15卷 673-687页

作者： Kristine Steen-Tveit Bj?rn erik Munkvold Kjetil Rustenberg Department of Information Systems Centre for Integrated Emergency ManagementUniversity of Agder

This study investigated the crucial role of formulating and applying standard operating procedures(SOPs) in the context of emergency planning and response. The effective application of SOPs during operations is essential in order to address challenges that surpass individual organizational capacities. A specific focus on fostering efficient information sharing and executing specified actions maximizes the prospect of success. To explore the collective functionality of SOPs across organizations, we conducted a comprehensive tabletop exercise involving 10 organizations spanning tactical, operational,and strategic levels. Our analysis identified six key challenges, primarily related to the structures for information sharing,communication pathways, and the complex integration and application of common SOPs within these diverse organizational contexts. This research contributes insights into the use of SOPs in large-scale, cross-organizational scenarios.

关键词： Cross-organizational emergency management Standard operating procedures Tabletop exercise Team situational awareness

Production of the Cancer-Preventive Glucoraphanin in Tobacco

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Molecular Plant 2010年第4期3卷 751-759页

作者： Michael Dalgaard Mikkelsen Carl erik Olsen Barbara Ann Halkier University of Copenhagen Faculty of Life Sciences Department of Plant Biology Plant Biochemistry Laboratory VKR Research Centre for Pro-Active Plants 40 Thorvaldsensvej DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark University of Copenhagen Faculty of Life Sciences Department of Basic Sciences and Environment/Bioorganic Chemistry 40 Thorvaldsensvej DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated reduced risk of developing cancer upon consumption of diets rich in cruciferous vegetables. This chemoprevention has been largely attributed to the presence of the natural products glu- cosinolates, particularly the methionine-derived glucoraphanin from broccoli. Improved nutrition by functional foods or health-promoting dietary supplements is an attractive means for prevention of lifestyle-based diseases. Towards this goal, we have engineered the glucoraphanin pathway into tobacco. First, we engineered elongation of the side chain of methionine to produce the key intermediate dihomo-methionine. This process is catalyzed through two cycles in a chain-elongation pathway that takes place partly in the cytosol and partly in the chloroplast. Second, by coupling the five enzymes of the chain-elongation pathway to eight enzymes of the glucosinolate pathway, we show production of glucoraphanin together with other glucosinolates derived from chain-elongated isoleucine and/or leucine. The conver- sion of methionine to glucoraphanin is obtained via 14 intermediates. Demonstrating the production of the high-value glucoraphanin in a heterologous host has great potential in the food and medicinal industry as a means to generate a stable, rich source of glucoraphanin for the benefit of human health.

关键词： Compartmentation secondary metabolism/natural products Agrobacterium Arabidopsis tobacco glucosinolates metabolic engineering.

Bin2vec:learning representations of binary executable programs for security tasks

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Cybersecurity 2021年第1期4卷 401-414页

作者： Shushan Arakelyan Sima Arasteh Christophe Hauser erik Kline Aram Galstyan Information Sciences Institute 4676 Admiralty WayMarina Del ReyCAUSA

Tackling binary program analysis problems has traditionally implied manually defining rules and heuristics,a tedious and time consuming task for human *** order to improve automation and scalability,we propose an alternative direction based on distributed representations of binary programs with applicability to a number of downstream *** introduce Bin2vec,a new approach leveraging Graph Convolutional networks(GCn)along with computational program graphs in order to learn a high dimensional representation of binary executable *** demonstrate the versatility of this approach by using our representations to solve two semantically different binary analysis tasks–functional algorithm classification and vulnerability *** compare the proposed approach to our own strong baseline as well as published results,and demonstrate improvement over state-of-the-art methods for both *** evaluated Bin2vec on 49191 binaries for the functional algorithm classification task,and on 30 different CWE-IDs including at least 100 CVE entries each for the vulnerability discovery *** set a new state-of-the-art result by reducing the classification error by 40%compared to the source-code based inst2vec approach,while working on binary *** almost every vulnerability class in our dataset,our prediction accuracy is over 80%(and over 90%in multiple classes).

关键词： Binary program analysis Computer security Vulnerability discovery neural networks

Metagenomic analysis to determine the characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes in typical antibiotic-contaminated sediments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第6期128卷 12-25页

作者： Han Yang Mu Xu Liqing Wang Xianyun Wang erik Jeppesen Wei Zhang Engineering Research Center of Environmental DnA and Ecological Water Health Assessment Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of AgricultureShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China Shanghai national Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Resources Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200082China Department of Ecoscience Aarhus UniversityC.F.MФlers Allé38000 Aarhus CDenmark Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research(SDC) University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Limnology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and ImplementationMiddle East Technical UniversityAnkara 06800Turkey Institute of Marine Sciences Middle East Technical University33731 MersinTurkey

Comprehensive studies of the effects of various physical and chemical variables(including heavymetals),antibiotics,and microorganisms in the environment on antibiotic resistance genes are *** collected sediment samples from the Shatian Lake aquaculture area and surrounding lakes and rivers located in Shanghai,*** spatial distribution of sediment ARGs was assessed by metagenomic analysis that revealed 26 ARG types(510 subtypes),dominated by Multidrug,β-lactam,Aminoglycoside,Glycopeptides,Fluoroquinolone,and *** discriminant analysis indicated that antibiotics(SAs and MLs)in the aqueous environment and sediment along with water Tn and TP were the key variables affecting the abundance distribution of total ***,the main environmental drivers and key influences differed among the different *** total ARGs,the environmental subtypes affecting their structural composition and distribution characteristics were mainly antibiotic *** analysis showed a significant correlation between ARGs and microbial communities in the sediment in the survey *** analysis revealed that most of the target ARGs were significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms,and a small number of ARGs(e.g.,rpoB,mdtC,and efpA)were highly significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms(e.g.,Knoellia,Tetrasphaera,and Gem-matirosa).Potential hosts for the major ARGs included Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,and *** study provides new insight and a comprehensive assessment of the distribution and abundance of ARGs and the drivers of ARG occurrence and transmission.

关键词： Metagenomic analysis Antibiotic resistance genes Environmental drivers Sediments Shatian Lake

A sequential estimation problem with control and discretionary stopping

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Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2022年第3期7卷 151-168页

作者： erik Ekström Ioannis Karatzas Department of Mathematics Uppsala UniversityBox 25675105 UppsalaSweden Departments of Mathematics and Statistics Columbia University2990 BroadwayNew YorkNY 10027USA

We show that“full-bang”control is optimal in a problem which combines features of(i)sequential least-squares estimation with Bayesian updating,for a random quantity observed in a bath of white noise;(ii)bounded control of the rate at which observations are received,with a superquadratic cost per unit time;and(iii)“fast”discretionary *** develop also the optimal filtering and stopping rules in this context.

关键词： Sequential analysis Filtering Optimal stopping Stochastic control Bold play