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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2020年第12期38卷 1780-1792页

作者： Xianjun Xu erik VVan der Eycken Huangdi Feng College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering&Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Textile Chemistry and Cleaner production Shanghai University of Engineering Science333 Longteng RoodShanghai 201620China Laboratory for Organic&Microwave-Assisted Chemistry(LOMAC) Department of ChemistryKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaon 200FLeuven 3001Belgium peoples Friendship University of Russia(RUDN University) 6 Miklukho-Maklaya StreetMoscow 117198Russia

Metal-free decarbox)lative couplig reactions represent an alternative paradigm for carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bond formation that com-plement more traditional metal catalysis *** this review recent advances in metal-fre decarboxlation reactions of a.J-unsaturated carbowyic acids are *** major reaction classes are covered:1)generation of C-C,C-N C-S,-X bonds using propioic acids;2)transformations ofalkenyl acids for C-C,C-p,C-N.C-S,C-X *** cases involving electrochemisty and photochemistry represent a frontier area for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling *** the proposed mechanisms for both types of reactions are discussed.

关键词： processes. bonds frontier

postdemocracy and the End of History

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Economic and political Studies 2013年第1期1卷 136-155页

作者： pAUL-erik KORVELA Department of Social Sciences and philosophy University of Jyvskyl

The article asserts that certain trends and developments are possibly threatening democracy in established *** though democracy might not face any external challengers,as an ideology it nevertheless faces threats endemic to *** are clearly detectable trends that possibly transform or have already transformed established democracies into postdemocracies,managed democracies or controlled ***,democracy might be in fact superseded rather than deepened and *** article scrutinizes the phenomenon of postdemocratization from three ***,it connects the phenonomenon with globalization and the associated contraction of the state which produces a possible legitimacy crisis of ***,the article discusses how the rise of governance networks and new ways of participation create a democratic deficit despite their opposite ***,the role of private corporations and their influence on the political system is *** article concludes that as more and more political power is escaping from the political system,democracy transforms into postdemocracy.

关键词： postdemocracy democracy globalization governance postdemocratization

Heritability of early growth traits and their plasticity in 14 woody species of Chinese subtropical forest

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Journal of plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 222-231页

作者： Xueqin Zeng Walter Durka erik Welk Markus Fischer UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Department of Community Ecology(BZF)Theodor-Lieser-Str.4D-06120 HalleGermany Institute of plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Lam Kam RoadTai PoNew TerritoriesHong Kong Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 01D-06108 HalleGermany

Aims Genetic variation in plant traits represents the raw material for future adaptive *** extent can be estimated as heritability based on the performance of experimental plants of known relatedness,such as maternal half-sib seed *** there is considerable heritability information for herbaceous plants and commercially important trees,little is known for woody species of natural subtropical ***,it is open whether heritability is higher for species with r-or K-strategies,for more common species with larger distribution ranges than for rarer ones,or for populations closer to the centres of distributional *** For 14 woody species in Chinese subtropical forest,we collected 13-38 maternal seed families,assessed seed size,grew replicates of each seed family in one more and one less benign nursery environment and measured stem diameter and plant height after 7 *** findings For the different species,plants grew 1.8-8.1 times taller in the more benign *** all 14 species,variation between seed families(and thus heritability)was significant(with very few exceptions at the pplant height in both ***,significant seed family by nursery interactions for stem diameter and plant height for all species(pplasticity in these *** regression analysis suggests that heritabilities were higher for species with higher age at reproduction and higher wood density(traits indicating a K strategy)but also for species with higher specific leaf area(a trait rather indicating an r strategy).Furthermore,heritabilities were higher for species with larger range sizes,while there was no significant relationship between heritabilities and the distance of the study area to the range margins of our study *** conclusion,the detected large heritability estimates suggest considerable potential for the evolution

关键词： heritability plant performance phenotypic plasticity subtropical forest

Genetic epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第41期13卷 5421-5431页

作者： Tom H Karlsen erik Schrumpf Kirsten Muri Boberg Medical Department Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical CenterOsloNorway

The aetiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis (pSC) is not known. A more than 80-fold increased risk of pSC among first-degree relatives emphasizes the importance of genetic factors. Genetic associations within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex on chromosome 6p21 were detected in pSC 25 years ago. Subsequent studies have substantiated beyond doubt that one or more genetic variants located within this genetic region are important. The true identities of these variants,however,remain to be identified. Several candidate genes at other chromosomal loci have also been investigated. However,according to strict criteria for what may be denominated a susceptibility gene in complex diseases,no such gene exists for pSC today. This review summarises present knowledge on the genetic susceptibility to pSC,as well as genetic associations with disease progression and clinical subsets of particular interest (inflammatory bowel disease and cholangiocarcinoma).

关键词： primary sclerosing cholangitis Genetic associations Human leukocyte antigens Cholangiocarcinoma Inflammatory bowel disease

The p(l)ot thickens:cannabinoid receptors on astroglial mitochondria coordinate animal behaviors by regulating lactate availability for neurons

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 896-898页

作者： erik Keimpema Tibor Harkany Alán Alpár Department of Molecular Neurosciences Center for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Neuroscience Biomedicum D7Karolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden SE NAp Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary Department of Anatomy Histologyand EmbryologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary

The coordinated interplay between neurons and astroglia,the latter producing essential metabolic precursors for neurons,is critical for the precision of neurotransmission in the execution of specific *** recently,Jimenez-Blasco et al.1 identified CB1 cannabinoid receptors in astroglial mitochondria as gatekeepers of lactate production by regulating the stability of mitochondrial complex I through the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 pathway and thus,metabolically tuning neurons that control social behaviors.

关键词： al thick coordinate

Detecting the presence of natural forests using airborne laser scanning data

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第6期10卷 668-680页

作者： Marie-Claude Jutras-perreault Terje Gobakken erik Næsset Hans OleØrka Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesNMBUP.O.BoxNO-1432ÅsNorway

Centuries of forest exploitation have caused significant loss of natural forests in Europe,leading to a decline in populations for many *** prevent further loss in biodiversity,the Norwegian government has set a target of protecting 10%of the forested ***,recent data from the National Forest Inventory(NFI)reveals that less than 2%of Norway's forested area consists of natural *** identify forests with high conservation value,we used vertical and horizontal variables derived from airborne laser scanning(ALS)data,along with NFI plot *** study aimed to predict the presence of natural forests across three counties in southeastern Norway,using three different definitions:pristine,near-natural,and semi-natural *** forests are scarce,and their underrepresentation in field reference data can compromise the accuracy of the *** address this,we assessed the potential gain of including additional field data specifically targeting natural forests to achieve a better balance in the ***,we examined the impact of stratifying the data by dominant tree species on the performance of the *** results revealed that semi-natural forests were the most accurately predicted,followed by near-natural and pristine forests,with Matthews correlation coefficient values of 0.32,0.24,and 0.17,*** additional field data did not improve the ***,stratification by species improved the accuracy of predictions for near-natural and semi-natural forests,while reducing accuracy for pristine *** use of horizontal variables did not improve the *** study demonstrates the potential of ALS data in identifying forests with high conservation *** provides a basis for further research on the use of ALS data for the detection and conservation of natural forests,offering valuable insights to guide future forest preservation efforts.

关键词： Natural forest ALS Naturalness Vertical variables Horizontal variables Biodiversity Forest condition Ecosystem services

Brain natriuretic peptide is a potent vasodilator in aged human microcircula- tion and shows a blunted response in heart failure patients

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2014年第1期11卷 50-56页

作者： Marie-Louise Edvinsson erik Uddman Lars Edvinsson Sven E. Andersson Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund University Lund University Hospital SE- 221 85 Lund Sweden

Background Brain natriuretic peptide （BNp） is normally present in low levels in the circulation, but it is elevated in parallel with the degree of congestion in heart failure subjects （CHF）. BNp has natriuretic effects and is a potent vasodilator. It is suggested that BNp could be a therapeutic alternative in CHF. However, we postulated that the high levels of circulating BNp in CHF may downregulate the response of microvascular natriuretic receptors. This was tested by comparing 15 CHF patients （BNp 〉 3000 ng/L） with 10 matched, healthy controls. Methods Cutaneous microvascular blood flow in the forearm was measured by laser Doppler Flowmetry. Local heating （＋44°C, 10 min） was used to evoke a maximum local dilator response. Results Non-invasive iontophoretic administration of either BNp or acetylcholine （ACh）, a known endothelium-dependent dilator, elicited an increase in local flow. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, l-N-Arginine- methyl-ester （L-NAME）, blocked the BNp response （in controls）. Interestingly, responses to BNp in CHF patients were reduced to about one third of those seen in healthy controls （increase in flow： 251% in CHF vs. 908% in controls; p 〈 0.001）. In contrast, the vasodilator responses to ACh and to local heating were only somewhat attenuated in CHF patients. Thus, dilator capacity and nitric oxide signalling were not af- fected to the same extent as BNp-mediated dilation, indicating a specific downregulation of the latter response. Conclusions The findings show for the first time that microvascular responses to BNp are markedly reduced in CHF patients. This is consistent with the hypothesis of BNp receptor function is downregulated in CHF.

关键词： Heart failure Cutaneous microcirculation Endothelial responses Acetylcholine, Brain natriuretic peptide Nitric oxide

A different approach for determining the responsivity of n^+p detectors using scanning electron microscopy

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Journal of Semiconductors 2012年第7期33卷 29-33页

作者： Omeime Xerviar Esebamen Gran Thungstrm Hans-erik Nilsson Department of Information Technology and Media Mid Sweden UniversityHolmgatan 10SE-851 70SundsvallSweden

This paper explores an alternative to the standard method of studying the responsivities （the input-output gain） and other behaviours of detectors at low electron energy. The research does not aim to compare the results of differently doped n＋p detectors; its purpose is to provide an alternative characterization method （using scanning electron microscopy） to those used in previous studies on the responsivity ofn＋p doped detectors as a function of the electron radiation energy and other interface oarameters.

关键词： scanning electron microscopy responsivity n+p detector

proton pump inhibitors increase the severity of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2019年第6期11卷 522-530页

作者： Matthew Fasullo prashanth Rau Dong-Qi Liu erik Holzwanger Jomol p Mathew Yurima Guilarte-Walker Gyongyi Szabo Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605United States Department of population and Quantitative Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605United States Department of Data Sciences and Technology Information TechnologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605United States

BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is the late stage of hepatic fibrosis and is characterized by portal hypertension that can clinically lead to decompensation in the form of ascites,esophageal/gastric varices or *** most common sequelae associated with liver cirrhosis are neurologic and neuropsychiatric impairments labeled as hepatic encephalopathy(HE).Well established triggers for HE include infection,gastrointestinal bleeding,constipation,and *** to the gut microbiome is one of the leading ammonia producers in the body,and therefore may make patients more susceptible to *** To investigate the relationship between the use of proton pump inhibitors(ppIs)and HE in patients with *** This is a single center,retrospective *** were included in the study with an admitting diagnosis of *** degree of HE was determined from subjective and objective portions of hospital admission notes using the West Haven *** primary outcome of the study was to evaluate the grade of HE in ppI users versus non-users at admission to the hospital and throughout their hospital *** outcomes included rate of infection,gastrointestinal bleeding within the last 12 mo,mean ammonia level,and model for end-stage liver disease scores at *** The HE grade at admission using the West Haven Criteria was 2.3 in the ppI group compared to 1.7 in the ppI nonuser group(p=0.001).The average length of hospital stay in ppI group was 8.3 d compared to 6.5 d in ppI nonusers(p=0.046).Twenty-seven(31.8%)patients in the ppI user group required an Intensive Care Unit admission during their hospital course compared to 6 in the ppI nonuser group(16.7%)(p=0.138).Finally,10(11.8%)patients in the ppI group expired during their hospital stay compared to 1 in the ppI nonuser group(2.8%)(p=0.220).CONCLUSION Chronic ppI use in cirrhotic patients is associated with significantly higher average West Haven Criteria for HE compared to pa

关键词： Cirrhosis Hepatic encephalopathy proton pump inhibitors Hepatology proton pump inhibitor

Tunable Separation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Dual-Surfactant Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation

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Nano Research 2011年第7期4卷 623-634页

作者： pei Zhao erik Einarsson Georgia Lagoudas Junichiro Shiomi Shohei Chiashi Shigeo Maruyama Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Global Center of Excellence for Mechanical Systems Innovation The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Department of Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA

We present a systematic study of the effects of surfactants in the separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） by density gradient ultracentrifugation （DGU）. Through analysis of the buoyant densities, layer positions, and optical absorbance spectra of SWNT separations using the bile salt sodium deoxycholate （DOC） and the anionic salt sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）, we clarify the roles and interactions of these two surfactants in yielding different DGU outcomes. The separation mechanism described here can also help in designing new DGU experiments by qualitatively predicting outcomes of different starting recipes, improving the efficacy of DGU and simplifying post-DGU fractionation.

关键词： Single-walled carbon nanotubes density gradient ultracentrifugation sodium deoxycholate sodium dodecyl sulfate