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Production of the Cancer-Preventive Glucoraphanin in Tobacco

Molecular Plant 2010年第4期3卷 751-759页

作者： Michael Dalgaard Mikkelsen Carl erik olsen Barbara Ann Halkier University of Copenhagen Faculty of Life Sciences Department of Plant Biology Plant Biochemistry Laboratory VKR Research Centre for Pro-Active Plants 40 Thorvaldsensvej DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark University of Copenhagen Faculty of Life Sciences Department of Basic Sciences and Environment/Bioorganic Chemistry 40 Thorvaldsensvej DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated reduced risk of developing cancer upon consumption of diets rich in cruciferous vegetables. This chemoprevention has been largely attributed to the presence of the natural products glu- cosinolates, particularly the methionine-derived glucoraphanin from broccoli. Improved nutrition by functional foods or health-promoting dietary supplements is an attractive means for prevention of lifestyle-based diseases. Towards this goal, we have engineered the glucoraphanin pathway into tobacco. First, we engineered elongation of the side chain of methionine to produce the key intermediate dihomo-methionine. This process is catalyzed through two cycles in a chain-elongation pathway that takes place partly in the cytosol and partly in the chloroplast. Second, by coupling the five enzymes of the chain-elongation pathway to eight enzymes of the glucosinolate pathway, we show production of glucoraphanin together with other glucosinolates derived from chain-elongated isoleucine and/or leucine. The conver- sion of methionine to glucoraphanin is obtained via 14 intermediates. Demonstrating the production of the high-value glucoraphanin in a heterologous host has great potential in the food and medicinal industry as a means to generate a stable, rich source of glucoraphanin for the benefit of human health.

关键词： Compartmentation secondary metabolism/natural products Agrobacterium Arabidopsis tobacco glucosinolates metabolic engineering.

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Metabolomic, Transcriptional, Hormonal, and Signaling Cross-Talk in Superroot2

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Molecular Plant 2010年第1期3卷 192-211页

作者： Marc Morant Claus Ekstrom Peter Ulvskov Charlotte Kristensen Mats Rudemo Carl erik olsen Jorgen Hansen Kirsten Jorgensena Bodil Jorgensen Birger Lindberg Moilera Soren Bak Plant Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology University of Copenhagen 40 Thorvaldsensvej DK-1871 FrederiksbergC Copenhagen Denmark Center for Molecular Plant Physiology University of Copenhagen. DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark Department of Natural Sciences University of Copenhagen DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark VKR research centre 'Pro-Active Plants' Plant Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology University of Copenhagen DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark Evolva A/S Bulowsvej 25 DK-1870 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark Center for Applied Bioinformatics at LIFE University of Copenhagen 40 Thorvaldsensvej DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark

Auxin homeostasis is pivotal for normal plant growth and development. The superroot2 （sur2） mutant was initially isolated in a forward genetic screen for auxin overproducers, and SUR2 was suggested to control auxin conju- gation and thereby regulate auxin homeostasis. However, the phenotype was not uniform and could not be described as a pure high auxin phenotype, indicating that knockout of CYP83B1 has multiple effects. Subsequently, SUR2 was identified as CYP83B1, a cytochrome P450 positioned at the metabolic branch point between auxin and indole glucosinolate metabolism. To investigate concomitant global alterations triggered by knockout of CYP83B1 and the countermeasures chosen by the mutant to cope with hormonal and metabolic imbalances, 10-day-old mutant seedlings were characterized with respect to their transcriptome and metabolome profiles. Here, we report a global analysis of the sur2 mutant by the use of a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic approach revealing pronounced effects on several metabolic grids including the intersection between secondary metabolism, cell wall turnover, hormone metabolism, and stress responses. Metabolic and transcriptional cross-talks in sur2 were found to be regulated by complex interactions between both positively and negatively acting transcription factors. The complex phenotype of sur2 may thus not only be assigned to elevated levels of auxin, but also to ethylene and abscisic acid responses as well as drought responses in the absence of a water deficiency. The delicate balance between these signals explains why minute changes in growth conditions may result in the non-uniform phenotype. The large phenotypic variation observed between and within the different surveys may be reconciled by the complex and intricate hormonal balances in sur2 seedlings decoded in this study.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress hormonal regulation metabolomics secondary metabolism/natural products transcriptome analysis development.

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The Fish Microbiota:Research Progress and Potential Applications

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Engineering 2023年第10期29卷 137-146页

作者： Yinyin Luan Ming Li Wei Zhou Yuanyuan Yao Yalin Yang Zhen Zhang Einar Ringø Rolf erik olsen Jihong Liu Clarke Shouqi Xie Kangsen Mai Chao Ran Zhigang Zhou China–Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Norway–China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Institute of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim 7491Norway NIBIO Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅs 1431Norway State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Wuhan 430072China The Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ministry of Education) Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China

The gut microbiota plays an important role in host health and *** understanding of the fish microbiota lags far behind our knowledge of that of humans and other ***,research has highlighted the importance of the microbiota in the health,performance,and various physiological functions of *** microbiota has been studied in various fish species,including model animals,economic fish,and wild fish *** composition of the fish microbiota depends on host selection,diet,and environmental *** intestinal microbiota affects the nutritional metabolism,immunity,and disease resistance of the fish host,while the host regulates the intestinal microbiota in a reciprocal way through both immune and non-immune *** and novel gnotobiotic fish models have been developed,which are important for the mechanistic study of host–microbiota interactions in *** this review,we discuss recent progress in fish microbiota *** describe various aspects of this research,including both studies on fish microbiota variations and fundamental research extending our knowledge of host–microbiota interaction in *** on how fish microbiota research may benefit fish health and industrial sustainability are also discussed.

关键词： Gut microbiota Fish Host-microbiota interaction Aquaculture

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An ecosystem-based approach to marine risk assessment

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第1期3卷 2-17页

作者： Kirstin Holsman Jameal Samhouri Geoffrey Cook Elliott Hazen erik olsen Maria Dillard Stephen Kasperski Sarah Gaichas Christopher R.Kelble Mike Fogarty Kelly Andrews Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service7600 Sand Point Way N.E.SeattleWashington 98115 USA Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service2725 Montlake Boulevard EastSeattleWashington 98112 USA Department of Biology University of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida 32816 USA Southwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service99 Pacific Street Suite 255AMontereyCalifornia 93940 USA Northeast Fisheries Science Center 166 Water StreetWoods HoleMassachusetts 02543 USA Institute of Marine Research P.O.Box 1870 NordnesN-5817BergenNorway NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science 331 Fort Johnson RoadCharlestonSouth Carolina 29412 USA NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory 4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiamiFlorida 33149 USA

Risk assessments quantify the probability of undesirable events along with their *** are used to prioritize management interventions and assess tradeoffs,serving as an essential component of ecosystem-based management(EBM).A central objective of most risk assessments for conservation and management is to characterize uncertainty and impacts associated with one or more pressures of *** assessments have been used in marine resource management to help evaluate the risk of environmental,ecological,and anthropogenic pressures on species or habitats including for data-poor fisheries management(e.g.,toxicity,probability of extinction,habitat alteration impacts).Traditionally,marine risk assessments focused on singular pressure-response relationships,but recent advancements have included use of risk assessments in an EBM context,providing a method for evaluating the cumulative impacts of multiple pressures on multiple ecosystem ***,we describe a conceptual framework for ecosystem risk assessment(ERA),highlighting its role in operationalizing EBM,with specific attention to ocean management *** framework builds on the ecotoxicological and conservation literature on risk assessment and includes recent advances that focus on risks posed by fishing to marine *** review how examples of ERAs from the United States fit into this framework,explore the variety of analytical approaches that have been used to conduct ERAs,and assess the challenges and data gaps that *** review discusses future prospects for ERAs as EBM decision-support tools,their expanded role in integrated ecosystem assessments,and the development of next-generation risk assessments for coupled natural-human systems.

关键词： coupled natural-human systems ecosystem risk assessment ecosystem-based management risk assessment socio-ecological system

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The Metabolic Response of Arabidopsis Roots to Oxidative Stress is Distinct from that of Heterotrophic Cells in Culture and Highlights a Complex Relationship between the Levels of Transcripts, Metabolites, and Flux

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 390-406页

作者： Martin Lehmann Markus Schwarzlander Toshihiro Obata Supaart Sirikantaramas Meike Burow Carl erik olsen Takayuki Tohge Mark D. Fricker Birger Lindberg Moiler Alisdair R. Fernie Lee J. Sweetlove Miriam Laxa Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology Am M0hlenberg 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK Plant Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology and VKR Research Centre for Pro-Active Plants University of Copenhagen 40 Thorvaldsensvei DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark

Metabolic adjustments are a significant, but poorly understood, part of the response of plants to oxidative stress. In a previous study （Baxter et al., 2007）, the metabolic response of Arabidopsis cells in culture to induction of oxidative stress by menadione was characterized. An emergency survival strategy was uncovered in which anabolic primary metabolism was largely down-regulated in favour of catabolic and antioxidant metabolism. The response in whole plant tissues may be different and we have therefore investigated the response of Arabidopsis roots to menadione treatment, analyzing the transcriptome, metabolome and key metabolic fluxes with focus on primary as well as secondary metabolism. Using a redox-sensitive GFP, it was also shown that menadione causes redox perturbation, not just in the mitochondrion, but also in the cytosol and plastids of roots. In the first 30 min of treatment, the response was similar to the cell culture： there was a decrease in metabolites of the TCA cycle and amino acid biosynthesis and the transcriptomic response was dominated by up-regulation of DNA regulatory proteins. After 2 and 6 h of treatment, the response of the roots was different to the cell culture. Metabolite levels did not remain depressed, but instead recovered and, in the case of pyruvate, some amino acids and aliphatic glucosinolates showed a steady increase above control levels. However, no major changes in fluxes of central carbon metabolism were observed and metabolic transcripts changed largely independently of the corresponding metabolites. Together, the results suggest that root tissues can recover metabolic activity after oxidative inhibition and highlight potentially important roles for glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway.

关键词： Carbon metabolism oxidative and photo oxidative stress secondary metabolism phenylpropanoids and phenolics root biology Arabidopsis.

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“歪瓜裂枣”也有春天

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疯狂英语（初中天地） 2016年第3期 4-7页

作者： erik olsen 鱼又

Ben Chesler： Ugly fruits and vegetables are the 20% of the fruitsand vegetables that are grown on farms that don＇t 1）make it tosupermarkets each year, and that＇s usually for small 2）cosmeticreasons like too big,... 详细信息

关键词：《“歪瓜裂枣”也有春天》中国当代文学杂文

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马克思经济再生产与增长模型中的非生产性活动与内生技术变迁

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当代经济研究 2023年第1期 21-36,F0003页

作者：埃里克·奥尔森魏旭(译) 密苏里大学堪萨斯城分校经济系美国堪萨斯城64110 吉林财经大学全国中国特色社会主义政治经济学研究中心

将非生产活动纳入基于马克思再生产图示的增长模型的分析表明,劳动力榨取和技术变革与剩余价值的生产和分配有关,因此是内生的。非生产性劳动被证明具有潜在的矛盾效应:非生产劳动的增加可以挤压利润,减少增长或提高工作强度、提高生产... 详细信息

将非生产活动纳入基于马克思再生产图示的增长模型的分析表明,劳动力榨取和技术变革与剩余价值的生产和分配有关,因此是内生的。非生产性劳动被证明具有潜在的矛盾效应:非生产劳动的增加可以挤压利润,减少增长或提高工作强度、提高生产力、促进技术变革,从而提高盈利能力和增长。经验证据表明,这两种效应在战后的美国经济中均有所体现。马克思的再生产图示也显示出依赖于经典的增长动态,在这一动态中,利润率和储蓄率决定了增长率。

关键词：非生产性活动马克思主义动态内生技术变革监督劳动生产率

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An approach of the internal friction-dependent temperature changes for conventional and pure biogenic lubricating greases

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 780-795页

作者： Leif AHME erik KUHN MiguelÁngel DELGADO Department of Mechanical Engineering and Production Management Hamburg University of Applied SciencesHamburg 20099Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Research in Product Technology and Chemical Processes(Pro2TecS)University of HuelvaHuelva 21071Spain

This work investigated the temperature changes inside the bulk of lubricating greases under controlled high-shear stress conditions(250-500 s-1).For this purpose,a newly developed temperature-measuring cell called Calidus was successfully *** temperature changes(ΔT)have been related to the greases'components(thickener,base oil-type,and composition)and the structural degradation of the lubricating ***,a theoretical approach was proposed for calculating the internal temperature change of lubricating greases during shear *** greases showed an internal temperature profile characterised by a sudden rise inΔT within the first 4 h from starting the test and subsequentΔT decay until it reaches the steady state ***,it was found that greases C1 and C5,formulated with lithium and calcium soap,respectively,with different soap content(16.1 wt%and 9.7 wt%,respectively),but the same base castor oil,showed the highest value of the maximumΔT,c.a.3.2 K,and the most drastic drop ofΔ*** greases showed both the highest specific densities and heat *** addition,they showed the lowest ratio of expended energies(Rtee),which means more structural degradation in the stressed *** the contrary,the grease C3,with 13 wt%of Li-soap but the lowest base oil's viscosity,showed the lowest maximumΔT and the temperature profile was characterised by a moderate variation ofΔT along the *** biogenic grease B3 developed a low-temperature change in the group of pure bio-genic greases close to grease C3.

关键词： shear-induced structural degradation rheology temperature measurements lubricating greases density lubricating greases specific heat capacities

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A taxonomy of built asset information coupling

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2024年第2期11卷 247-268页

作者： Saman DAVARI erik POIRIER Department of Construction Engineering Ecole de technologie superieureMontreal H3C 1K3Canada

The digital transformation of the built asset industry is moving toward closer integration of physical and digital assets and *** the framework of Cyber-Physical Systems(CPSs)and Digital Twins(DTs),an increasing number of studies focus on the technical aspects of CPS and ***,a unified framework describing the dimensions and characteristics essential for integrating lifecycle information remains *** leverage these concepts effectively,it is necessary to develop new frameworks to classify and put into relationship various components that comprise the lifecycle information integration of physical and digital assets and *** paper addresses these gaps by proposing a taxonomy of Built Asset Lifecycle Information Couples,which outlines the dimensions and characteristics crucial for the lifecycle information integration of built assets and *** proposed taxonomy contributes to the efforts aimed at organizing the knowledge domain of lifecycle information management in the built environment.

关键词： asset coupling taxonomy digitalization lifecycle information management built environment

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鱼类消化道菌群与碳水化合物代谢

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水产学报 2019年第10期43卷 2074-2083页

作者：鲁程瑶丁倩雯冉超杨雅麟王安然张洪玲张进雄李解 erik olsen Rolf EINAR Ring? 张震周志刚中国-挪威鱼类消化道微生物联合实验室 2. 万载县农业农村局中国农业科学院饲料研究所农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室挪威-中国鱼类消化道微生物联合实验室

碳水化合物氧化分解是鱼类能量的重要来源。由于碳水化合物来源广泛、价格相对低廉,饲料中添加适量碳水化合物,不仅可以降低饲料成本,而且可以节约蛋白原料,减少氨氮排放。然而以往研究表明,鱼类摄入超量碳水化合物时会出现抗病力受损... 详细信息

碳水化合物氧化分解是鱼类能量的重要来源。由于碳水化合物来源广泛、价格相对低廉,饲料中添加适量碳水化合物,不仅可以降低饲料成本,而且可以节约蛋白原料,减少氨氮排放。然而以往研究表明,鱼类摄入超量碳水化合物时会出现抗病力受损、生长迟缓、脂肪肝、死亡率升高等问题。鱼类消化道微生物参与宿主的糖、脂类和蛋白质等代谢过程,对动物营养代谢有重要的调控作用。提高鱼类对饲料的利用率,对鱼类增产、渔民增收具有重要的现实意义。本研究综述了鱼类对碳水化合物的代谢,以鱼类消化道微生物为出发点,阐述了鱼类消化道微生物调控碳水化合物代谢的方式与可能机制,旨在为鱼类高效利用碳水化合物以及节约饲料中蛋白质提供新视角。

关键词：鱼类碳水化合物代谢消化道菌群

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