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Three-dimensional simulation of liquid injection,film formation and transport,in fluidized beds

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Particuology 2009年第5期7卷 337-346页

作者： Paul Zhao Peter j. O'Rourke Dale snider CPFD Software LLCAlbuquerqueNM 87111USA CFD d'OR Software and Consulting LLCLos AlamosNM 87544USA

Liquid injection, and film formation and transport in dense-phase gas-solids fluidized beds are numerically simulated in three dimensions using a collisional exchange model that is based on the mechanism that collisions cause transfer of liquid mass, momentum, and energy between particles. In the model, each of the particles is represented by a solid core and a liquid film surrounding the core. The model is incorporated in the framework of the commercial code Barracuda developed by CPFD Software. The commercial software is an advanced CFD-based computational tool where the particles are treated as discrete entities, calculated by the MP-PIC method, and tracked using the Lagrangian method. Details of the collisional liquid transfer model have been previously presented in O＇Rourke, Zhao, and snider （2009）; this paper presents new capabilities and proof-testing of the collision model and a new method to better quantify the penetration length. Example calculations of a fluidized bed without liquid injection show the expected effect of collisions on the reduction of granular temperature （fluctuational kinetic energy） of the bed. When applied to liquid injection into a dense-phase fluidized bed under different conditions, the model predicts liquid penetration lengths comparable to the experiments. In addition, the simulation reveals for the first time the dynamic mixing of the liquid droplets with the bed particles and the transient distribution of the droplets inside the bed.

关键词： MP-PIC Liquid injection Fluidized bed Particle collisions CPFD jet penetration

一场关于对比的讨论洛杉矶Departamento零售店

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室内设计与装修 2025年第1期 78-83页

作者：无 erik Stackpole Undehn(摄影) coco(编译) 22RE 不详

总部位于洛杉矶的多学科事务所22RE受豪华男装多品牌零售商Departamento邀请,为其在洛杉矶的最新店面进行设计。该店位于洛杉矶市中心的建筑零售飞地Signal内,是加州高档生活方式和设计品牌的聚集地。与现有的Departamento店面类似,顾... 详细信息

总部位于洛杉矶的多学科事务所22RE受豪华男装多品牌零售商Departamento邀请,为其在洛杉矶的最新店面进行设计。该店位于洛杉矶市中心的建筑零售飞地Signal内,是加州高档生活方式和设计品牌的聚集地。与现有的Departamento店面类似,顾客通过位于Concierge Coffee的隐蔽入口进入店面后,会发现自己置身于一个由镜面墙壁组成的入口。通过这种俏皮的方式将顾客带入店内。

关键词：洛杉矶设计品牌零售商店面事务所零售店

Exploration of functional health, mental well-being and cross-sex hormone use in a sample of Thai male-to-female transgendered persons （kathoeys）

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Asian journal of Andrology 2013年第2期15卷 280-285,I0009,I0010页

作者： Louis j Gooren Tanapong Sungkaew erik j Giltay VU university medical center Amsterdam 1081 HV The Netherlands Androconsult Chiang Mai 50220 Thailand Department of Psychiatry Leiden University Medical Center Leiden 5000 AB The Netherlands

Transgender people sometimes use cross-sex hormones without medical supervision. The use of cross-sex hormones, as well as the functional health and mental well-being, among male-to-female transgendered people （＇kathoeys＇） in Chiang Mai, Thailand, was studied. Sixty kathoeys were interviewed regarding their use of cross-sex hormones and their familyrelationships. Individuals also completed the Life Orientation Test Revised （LOT-R） to assess dispositional optimism, the Social Functioning Questionnaire （SFQ） and the Short Form Health Survey 36 （SF-36）. Three categories were established as follows： those who never cross-dress, those who sometimes cross-dress and those who always cross-dress in public. Of the 60 subjects, 44 had used hormones for prolonged periods （9.7＋6.1 years）. Their use was related to the permanence of cross-dressing but unrelated to functional health and mental well-being. Fifty percent of subjects had overdosed on commonly used oral contraceptives. Three people used injectable oestrogen in a higher-than-recommended dose. Self-acceptance was high or reasonably good （83%） compared to no acceptance （17%）, and neither was related to the permanence of cross-dressing. Their acceptance by parents and siblings was also relatively high （85% and 89%, respectively）. The permanence of cross-dressing had no effect on the scores of optimism, SF-36 scores and social functioning. Acceptance by oneself or one＇s parents did not seem to affect most aspects of functional health and mental well-being, but non-acceptance by siblings generated lower scores on the social functioning and general mental health subscales. Stressors tended to include physical rather than social factors. In conclusion, the unsupervised use of cross-sex hormones was common among kathoeys, and 50% of the sample had overdosed on them. Acceptance was relatively good, except by siblings. New strategies are needed for a more responsible use of cross-sex hormones.

关键词： cross-sex hormones functional health kathoeys optimism transgender well-being

Ground control monitoring of retreat room–and–pillar mine in Central Appalachia

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 65-69页

作者： erik C.Westman Ryan j.Molka William j.Conrad Mining and Minerals Engineering Department Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA

In order to study pillar and overburden response to retreat mining, a ground control program was conducted at a Central Appalachian Mine. The program consisted of several monitoring methods including a seismic monitoring system, borehole pressure cells in the pillars, and time-lapse photogrammetry of the pillar ribs. Two parallel geophone arrays were installed, one on each side of the panel with the sensors mounted 3 m into the roof. A total of fourteen geophones recorded more than 5000 events during the panel retreat. A MIDAS datalogger was used to record pressure from borehole pressure cells(BPCs)located in two adjacent pillars that were not mined during retreat. A series of photographs were taken of the pillars that had the BPCs as the face approached so that deformation of the entire rib could be monitored using photogrammetry. Results showed that pillar stability and cave development were as expected. The BPCs showed an increase in loading when the face was 115 m inby and a clear onset of the forward abutment at 30 m. The photogrammetry results displayed pillar deformation corresponding to the increased loading. The microseismic monitoring results showed the overburden caving inby the face, again as expected. The significance of these results lies in two points,(1) we can quantify the safe manner in which this mine is conducting retreating operations, and(2) we can use volumetric technologies(photogrammetry and microseismic) to monitor entire volumes of the mine in addition to the traditional point-location geotechnical measurements(BPCs).

关键词： Retreat mining Stress measurement Microseismic monitoring Pillar stability

Efficacy of anticoagulant-free alternative bait products against house mice(Mus musculus)and brown rats(Rattus norvegicus)

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第1期5卷 44-52页

作者： erik SCHMOLZ Federal Environmental Agency BerlinGermany

The attractiveness and efficacy of four anonymous anticoagulant-free alternative rodenticides(active ingredients cellulose or plaster)were tested on wild strain groups of house mice(Mus musculus Linnaeus)and brown rats(Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout)in laboratory choice and no-choice *** no-choice tests,the rodenticide product was offered ad libitum to the animals for 21 days(mice)and 10 days(rats),*** choice tests,the rodenticide product and non-poisoned food were offered for 28 days(mice)and 14 days(rats).Two products with cellulose(C1 and C2)as the active ingredient were tested against both mice and *** two no-choice tests with mice,all animals died within 14 days(C1)and 21 days(C2);in a third no-choice test,11%(2/18)of mice survived(C1:21 days).In all three tests,numerous incidents of cannibalism were *** attractiveness of cellulose baits was tested for one product(C1)in three trials against normal food *** all trials,bait consumption was low and all mice survived(15-34 days).Two no-choice trials with cellulose baits(C1)were conducted on groups of Rattus norvegicus;11 of 12 rats survived the bait feeding period and no cannibalism or sign of aggression between conspecifics was *** plaster-based(CaSO_(4)·0.5H_(2)O)products(P1 and P2)were tested against both mice and rats;in no-choice tests,only one mouse(n=20)and no rats(n=8)were killed,although the baits proved to be attractive for rats and mice in choice *** results of these experiments suggest that neither cellulose-based nor plaster-based rodenticides are suitable agents for the control of Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus.

关键词： cellulose Mus musculus plaster Rattus norvegicus rodenticides

^(99m)TC-Methylene diphosphonate uptake at injury site correlates with osteoblast differentiation and mineralization during bone healing in mice

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Bone Research 2015年第2期3卷 92-99页

作者： Zhendong A Zhong Anderson Peck Shihong Li jeff Van Oss john snider Casey j Droscha Tingtung A Chang Bart O Williams Center for Skeletal Disease Research Van Andel Research Institute Department of Internal Medicine Center for Musculoskeletal Health UC Davis Medical Center Small Animal Imaging Facility Van Andel Research Institute

99mTc-Methylene diphosphonate （99mTc-MDP） is widely used in clinical settings to detect bone abnormalities. However, the mechanism of 99mTc-MDP uptake in bone is not well elucidated. In this study, we utilized a mouse tibia injury model, single-photon emission computed tomography （gamma scintigraphy or SPECT）, ex vivo micro-computed tomography, and histology to monitor 99mTc-MDP uptake in injury sites during skeletal healing. In an ex vivo culture system, calvarial cells were differentiated into osteoblasts with osteogenic medium, pulsed with 99mTc-MDP at different time points, and quantitated for 99mTc-MDP uptake with a gamma counter. We demonstrated that 99mTc-MDP uptake in the injury sites corresponded to osteoblast generation in those sites throughout the healing process. The 99mTc-MDP uptake within the injury sites peaked on day 7 post-injury, while the injury sites were occupied by mature osteoblasts also starting from day 7. ~mTc-MDP uptake started to decrease 14 days post-surgery, when we observed the highest level of bony tissue in the injury sites. We also found that 99mTc-MDP uptake was associated with osteoblast maturation and mineralization in vitro. This study provides direct and biological evidence for 99mTc-MDP uptake in osteoblasts during bone healing in vivo and in vitro.

关键词： MDP bone TC-Methylene diphosphonate uptake at injury site correlates with osteoblast differentiation and mineralization during bone healing in mice SPECT

Experimental and numerical modelling of sedimentation in a rectangular shallow basin

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International journal of Sediment Research 2008年第3期23卷 212-232页

作者： Sameh A. KANTOUSH erik BOLLAERT Anton j. SCHLEISS Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions (LCH) Station 18 CH -1015 Lausanne SwitzerlandDr. Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions (LCH) Station 18 CH -1015 Lausanne SwitzerlandProf.

Numerical simulation of flows in shallow reservoirs has to be checked for its consistency in predicting real flow conditions and sedimentation patterns. Typical flow patterns may exhibit flow separation at the inlet, accompanied by several recirculation and stagnation areas all over the reservoir surface. The aim of the present research project is to study the influence of the geometry of a reservoir on sediment transport and deposition numerically and experimentally, focusing on a prototype reservoir depth between 5 and 15 m as well as suspended sediment transport. A series of numerical simulations is presented and compared with scaled laboratory experiments, with the objective of testing the sensitivity to different flow and sediment parameters and different turbulence closure schemes. Different scenarios are analyzed and a detailed comparison of preliminary laboratory tests and some selected simulations are presented. The laboratory experiments show that suspended sediment transport and deposition are determined by the initial flow pattern and by the upstream and downstream boundary conditions. In the experiments, deposition in the rectangular basin systematically developed along the left bank, although inflow and outflow were positioned symmetrically along the centre of the basin. Three major horizontal eddies developed influencing the sediment deposition pattern. Although asymmetric flow patterns are privileged, a symmetric pattern can appear from time to time. This particular behaviour could also be reproduced by a two-dimensional depth-averaged flow and sediment transport model (CCHE2D). The paper presents numerical simulations using different turbulence closure schemes (k-ε and eddy viscosity models). In spite of the symmetric setup, these generally produced an asymmetric flow pattern that can easily switch sides depending on the assumptions made for the initial and boundary conditions. When using the laboratory experiment as a reference, the most reliable n

关键词： Shallow reservoir sedimentation and morphology Suspended sediment Reservoir geometry influence Numerical simulations Scaled physical modelling

An Odyssey in antiviral drug development—50 years at the Rega Institute:1964–2014

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2015年第6期5卷 520-543页

作者： erik De Clercq Rega Institute for Medical Research

*** it started I entered the Rega Institute for Medical Research in August 1964,as a medical student,to start working under the guidance of *** De Somer,then professor of microbiology at the Leuven School of *** I gra... 详细信息

关键词： erik De Clercq Antiviral drug Poly(I) poly(C) Polyacrylic acid Interferon Reverse transcriptase Suramin Valaciclovir Brivudin Stavudine Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF) Truvada~ Atripla~ Complera~/Eviplera~ Stribild~ FV-100 Mozobil~ Tenofovir alafenamide(TAF) Holy's legacy Sofosbuvir

Survivorship, attained diameter, height and volume of three Paulownia species after 9 years in the southern Appalachians, USA

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journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2181-2191页

作者： erik C.Berg Stanley j.Zarnoch W.Henry McNab University of Montana Bureau of Business and Economic ResearchMissoulaMT 59812USA USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station AshevilleNC 28806USA

Little is known of the tree and stand dynamics of varied species of planted Paulownia left unmanaged until harvest in the southeastern United *** sought to remedy this lack of information needed by land managers to make informed decisions by investigating diff erences in survivorship,attained diameter breast height(DBH),diameter at ground level,total height,tree volume and standlevel volume yields of planted ***,***,and *** in the cool-moist environment of the southern Appalachian *** 9 years,combined-species survivorship was only 27.3%.Low survivorship was likely related to several inclement weather *** was signifi cantly smaller in DBH and total *** combined-species stem(bole)volume models were developed as functions of(1)DBH squared,(2)the product DBH squared and total height,and(3)the product diameter ground line squared and total *** total volume production of unmanaged stands was greatest for *** and *** 4 years after planting;by the 9th year,total volume of *** was greater than the other two *** of our study provide managers information on productivity of three species of Paulownia that can be used for estimating plantation yields.

关键词： Diameter Tree height Stand structure Stem volume Paulownia