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Microclimate in Hot Dry Damascus： The Influence of the Urban environment on Human Perception

作者： (荷)e.·许理和(erik Zurcher)

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Journal of earth Science and engineering 2013年第8期3卷 554-561页

作者： Moohammed Wasim Yahia erik Johansson Division of Housing Development & Management Lund University Lund SE-22100 Sweden

There is a broad recognition that microclimatic conditions contribute to the quality of life in cities. A favorable microclimate has a positive influence on both commercial and social activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the human being and the surrounding thermal environment in terms of thermal acceptability, physical quality of the place, emotional state and the usage of the urban space in hot dry Damascus, Syria. The study is based on questionnaire surveys during the summer and winter in six locations with different microclimates. It is shown that the urban design plays a significant role in improving the microclimate, especially during the summer. The study also illustrates that when people"s thermal perception is within the thermally acceptable range (i. e., slightly cool, comfortable and slightly warm) they experience the urban design as significantly more beautiful and more pleasant than during thermally unacceptable conditions. The results indicate that there is an interactive relationship between the urban design and humans" emotional state. Our findings suggest that a new perspective is needed for determining urban microclimate requirements and incorporating them into the urban design process to enhance the thermal environment in outdoor urban spaces in Damascus.

关键词：城市环境大马士革小气候人类城市设计知觉干热城市空间

COMPUTeRS ARe COMING OF AGe IN ORGANIC SYNTHeSIS

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分子科学学报 1983年第2期 95-116页

作者： Rolf Carlson Christer Albano Lars-Gunnar Hammarstràm erik Johansson àsa Nilsson Robert e.Carter Department of Chemistry Umeà University Organic Chemistry 2 Chemical Center University of Lund

The synthesis of complicated molecules is a fascinating and challenging fieldof research in organic *** ideal synthesis conld be described as shownin Figure ***,ideal syntheses are very *** Often the tatget

关键词：分子科学化学研究 COMPUTeRS ARe COMING OF AGe IN ORGANIC SYNTHeSIS

An ionizable supramolecular dendrimer nanosystem for effective siRNA delivery with a favorable safety profile

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Nano Research 2021年第7期14卷 2247-2254页

作者： Dinesh Dhumal Wenjun Lan Ling Ding Yifan Jiang Zhenbin Lyu erik Laurini Domenico Marson Aura Tintaru Nelson Dusetti Suzanne Giorgio Juan Lucio Iovanna Sabrina Pricl Ling Peng Aix-Marseille Université CNRSCentre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille(CINaM)UMR 7325Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le CancerMarseille 13288France Aix-Marseille Université INSERMCNRSInstitut Paoli-CalmettesCentre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille(CRCM)Marseille 13288France Aix-Marseille Université CNRSCentre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale(CRMBM)UMR 7339Marseille 13385France Aix-Marseille Université CNRSInstitut de Chimie Radicalaire(ICR)UMR 7273Marseille 13013France Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory Department of Engineering and ArchitecturesUniversity of TriesteTrieste 34127Italy Department of General Biophysics Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzLodz 90-136Poland

Gene therapy using small interfering RNA(siRNA)is emerging as a novel therapeutic approach to treat various ***,safe and efficient siRNA delivery still constitutes the major obstacle for clinical implementation of siRNA *** we report an ionizable supramolecular dendrimer vector,formed via self-assembly of a small amphiphilic dendrimer,as an effective siRNA delivery system with a favorable safety *** virtue of the ionizable tertiary amine terminals,the supramolecular dendrimer has a low positively charged surface potential and no notable cytotoxicity at physiological ***,this ionizable feature imparted sufficient surface charge to the supramolecular dendrimer to enable formation of a stable complex with siRNA via electrostatic *** resulting siRNA/dendrimer delivery system had a surface charge that was neither neutral,thus avoiding aggregation,nor too high,thus avoiding cytotoxicity,but was sufficient for favorable cellular uptake and endosomal release of the *** tested in different cancer cell lines and patient-derived cancer organoids,this dendrimer-mediated siRNA delivery system effectively silenced the oncogenes Myc and Akt2 with a potent antiproliferative effect,outperforming the gold standard vector,Lipofectamine ***,this ionizable supramolecular dendrimer represents a promising vector for siRNA *** concept of supramolecular dendrimer nanovectors via self-assembly is new,yet easy to implement in practice,offering a new perspective for supramolecular chemistry in biomedical applications.

关键词： dendrimer self-assembly ionizable vector siRNA delivery gene silencing non-viral vector

Waste Tire Rubber-based Refrigerants for Solid-state Cooling Devices

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2020年第7期38卷 769-775,I0007页

作者： Nicolau Molina Born erik Oda Usuda Mariana da Silva Gigliotti Denílson JoséMarcolino de Aguiar William Imamura Lucas Soares Paixao Alexandre Magnus Gomes Carvalho Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(ICN2) 08860BellaterraBarcelonaSpain The Institute of Photonic Sciences(ICFO) 08193CastelldefelsBarcelonaSpain Universidade Federal de Sāo Paulo(UNIFeSP) 00972-270DiademaSPBrazil Instituto de Física"Gleb Wataghin" Universidade Estadual de Campinas(UNICAMP)13083-970CampinasSPBrazil Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná(UTFPR) 84017-220Ponta GrossaPRBrazil Faculdade de engenharia Mec(a)nica Universidade Estadual de Campinas(UNICAMP)13083-860CampinasSPBrazil Departamento de engenharia Mec(a)nica Universidade Estadual de Maringá(UEM)870-900MaringáPRBrazil

Management of discarded tires is a compelling environmental issue *** there are several approaches developed to recycle waste tire rubbers,their application in solid-state cooling is still *** the high barocaloric potential verified for elastomers,the use of waste tire rubber(WTR)as a refrigerant in solid-state cooling devices is very ***,we investigated the barocaloric effects in WTR and polymer blends made of vulcanized natural rubber(VNR)and WTR,to evaluate its feasibility for solid-state cooling *** adiabatic temperature changes and the isothermal entropy changes reach giant values,as well as the performance parameters,being comparable or even better than most barocaloric materials in ***,pure WTR and WTR-based samples also present a faster thermal exchange than VNR,consisting of an additional advantage of using these discarded ***,the present findings evidence the encouraging perspectives of employing waste rubbers in solid-state cooling based on barocaloric effects,contributing to both the recycling of polymers and the sustainable energy technology field.

关键词： Waste tire rubber Solid-state cooling Barocaloric effect Tire recycling Sustainable energy

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The Full Potential of Continuous System Simulation Modelling

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Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation 2017年第4期5卷 253-299页

作者： Leif Gustafsson Mikael Sternad erik Gustafsson Signals and Systems Department of Engineering and Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

Continuous System Simulation (CSS) is a powerful way to study the behaviour of differential-algebraic equation models. Differential-algebraic equation modelling goes back to Newton and works well for models of e.g. physical systems where stochasticity plays almost no role, and where only a single attribute of an object is studied over time. However, when results from a deterministic CSS model are compared with results from a Discrete event Simulation (DeS) model, they are often inconsistent. The reasons behind this CSS-DeS inconsistency are nowadays well understood. In this paper, we demonstrate that a CSS model can contain both continuous state variables (compartments) that change continuously over time and discrete state variables (also compartments) that model discrete entities and change by integer amounts. In both cases, the time-slicing method is used to advance time. Furthermore, stochasticity can and should play the same role in CSS as it does in DeS. This paper first explains how a well-defined conceptual model can be stepwise transformed in a consistent way into a CSS model. These transformation steps provide insights into how to construct a consistent CSS model. In short, this is about preserving uncertainties, attributes and dynamic properties. An additional benefit of this approach is that continuous and discrete sub-models can interact within the same model, without having to combine different types of simulation languages, types of time handling and incongruent concepts. To facilitate the use and understanding of stochastic CSS, this paper is also intended to serve as a guide to performing consistent CSS modelling and simulation. Furthermore, an open source tool for collecting and analyzing the outputs from a stochastic CSS model and analyzing and presenting the results in statistical form is also developed and made available to the reader.

关键词： Continuous Modelling CSS Discrete Modelling DeS Combined Simulation Compartment-Based Model Stochastic Modelling

Temperature-Dependent Newtonian Rheology in Advection-Convection Geodynamical Model for Plate Spreading in eastern Volcanic Zone, Iceland

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Journal of Geoscience and environment Protection 2015年第5期3卷 14-26页

作者： Md. Tariqul Islam erik Sturkell Department of earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

Geodynamic process as advection-convection of the Mid-Atlantic Ocean Ridge (MAR), that is exposed on land in Iceland is investigated. Advection is considered for the plate spreading velocity. Geodetic GPS data during 2000-2010 is used to estimate plate spreading velocity along a profile in the eastern Volcanic Zone (eVZ), Iceland striking N102。e, approximately parallel to the NUVeL-1A spreading direction between the eurasian and North American plates. To predict subsurface mass flow patterns, temperature-dependent Newtonian rheology is considered in the finite-element models (FeM). All models are considered 2-D with steady-state, incompressible rheology whose viscosity depends on the subsurface temperature distribution. The thickness of lithosphere along the profile in the eVZ is identified by 700。C isotherm and 1022 Pa s iso-viscosity, those reach 50 ± 3 km depth at distance of 100 km from rift axis. Geodetic observation and model prediction results show the ~90% of spreading is accommodated within ~45 km of the rift axis in each direction. Model predicts ~8.5 ***-1 subsidence at the surface of rift center when magmatic plumbing is inactive. The rift center (the highest magmatic influx is ~11 ***-1) in model shifts ~10 - 20 km west to generate observed style surface deformation. The spreading velocity, isotherm and depth of isotherm are the driving forces resulting in the surface deformation. These three parameters have more or less equal weight. However, as the center of deformation in the eVZ shifts and most of the subsidence takes place in the volcanic system that is currently the active which is the located of plate axis.

关键词： Mid-Atlantic Ocean Ridge Advection-Convection Plate Spreading Geodynamic Modeling Newtonian Rheology

exploring the hydrophobic channel of NNIBP leads to the discovery of novel piperidinesubstituted thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第5期10卷 878-894,952页

作者： Dongwei Kang Da Feng Tiziana Ginex Jinmi Zou Fenju Wei Tong Zhao Boshi Huang Yanying Sun Samuel Desta erik DeClercq Christophe Pannecouque Peng Zhan Xinyong Liu Department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong UniversityJinan 250012China Rega Institute for Medical Research Laboratory of Virology and ChemotherapyK.U.LeuvenLeuven B-3000Belgium Department of Nutrition Food Science and GastronomyFaculty of PharmacyCampus TorriberaInstitute of Biomedicine and Institute of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryUniversity of BarcelonaSanta Coloma de Gramenet 08921Spain

In this report,a series of novel piperidine-substituted thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed to explore the hydrophobic channel of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors binding pocket(NNIBP)by incorporating an aromatic moiety to the left wing of the lead K-5 *** newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV potency in MT-4 cells and inhibitory activity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase(RT).Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited broad-spectrum activity toward wild-type and a wide range of HIV-1 strains carrying single non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTI)-resistant ***,compound 26 exhibited the most potent activity against wild-type and a panel of single mutations(L1001,K103 N,Y181 C,Y188 L and e138 K)with an eC50 ranging from 6.02 to 23.9 nmol/L,which were comparable to those of etravirine(eTR).Moreover,the RT inhibition activity,preliminary structure-activity relationship and molecular docking were also ***,26 exhibited favorable pharmacokinetics(PK)profiles and with a bioavailability of 33.8%.Taken together,the results could provide valuable insights for further optimization and compound 26 holds great promise as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

关键词： HIV-1 NNRTIs NNIBP Thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine Hydrophobic channel

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常规风与飓风的极值风速预测模型评述

自然灾害学报 2008年第5期17卷 158-163页

作者：陈朝晖 erik VanMarcke 孙毅李正良重庆大学土木工程学院重庆400045 普林斯顿大学土木与环境工程学院美国新泽西08540

结构在服役期内设计荷载的取值是否可靠,极大地影响着结构的安全性及经济效益。由于柔性大的结构如高耸、大跨结构和桥梁等对极值风速作用非常敏感,目前世界范围内因风灾造成的结构破坏和损失趋益严重,因此结构尤其是沿海地区结构的设... 详细信息

结构在服役期内设计荷载的取值是否可靠,极大地影响着结构的安全性及经济效益。由于柔性大的结构如高耸、大跨结构和桥梁等对极值风速作用非常敏感,目前世界范围内因风灾造成的结构破坏和损失趋益严重,因此结构尤其是沿海地区结构的设计风荷载取值就非常重要。着重评述了近20年来欧美在常规风、飓风等极值风速统计预测模型方面的研究进展。

关键词：极值风速飓风跨阈法

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Can the“10-year fishing ban”rescue biodiversity of the Yangtze River?

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The Innovation 2022年第3期3卷 9-10页

作者： Haijun Wang Puze Wang Chi Xu Yanfeng Sun Lei Shi Long Zhou erik Jeppesen Jun Chen Ping Xie Institute for ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunming 650504China School of Life Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210033China Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversitySilkeborg 8600Denmark Sino-Danish Centre for education and Research Beijing 100039China Department of Biological Sciences Middle East Technical UniversityAnkara 06800Turkey Donghu experimental Station of Lake ecosystems State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and BiotechnologyInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China

Rivers and their lakes are among the world’smost important ecosystems supporting high biodiversity and providing various services through connections with vast *** exploitation with sustainability remains one of the world’s greatest challenges tomaintain and/or recover the health of river ecosystems and hence their biodiversity and ecosystem services.1 As one of the major national initiatives toward building“ecological civilization”and an extensive protection of the Yangtze River in China,a“10-year fishing ban”plan(TYFB)was launched from January 2021.

关键词： Yangtze landscape maintain