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bronchodilator responsiveness assessed by forced oscillometry and multiple breath washout techniques in preschool children

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Pediatric Investigation 2018年第2期2卷 83-89页

作者： Nicholas L.Friedman Joseph M.McDonough Xuemei Zhang erik b.hysinger Kelly M.Adams Julian L.Allen Division of Pulmonary Medicine The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia PA USA Department of Pediatrics Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma WAUSA Division of Pulmonary Medicine The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia PA USA Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA Division of Pulmonary Medicine Northwell Health System Lake SuccessNY USA

Importance:The forced oscillation (FOT) and multiple breath washout (MbW) techniques are passive tests of lung function,and are reliable for preschool-age *** has not been comparison testing to determine which test could more accurately differentiate between healthy controls and poorly controlled asthmatics,or differentiate a response to bronchodilator ***:To determine whether the MbW and/or FOT could differentiate between healthy controls and poorly controlled asthmatics,and whether the two tests could detect a response to bronchodilator ***:Twenty-eight healthy controls and 23 poorly controlled asthmatics 3-6 years of age *** subjects were administered the MbW followed by the FOT.A bronchodilator was then administered and testing was *** Rank Sum tests were used to compare the difference between healthy controls and poorly controlled *** Signed Rank tests were used to compare the pre-and post-bronchodilator ***:Neither MbW nor FOT differentiated healthy controls from poorly controlled asthmatics (pre-bronchodilator data);both groups had similar baseline gas mixing and airway *** was no improvement in any MbW outcomes post-bronchodilator *** detected a significant and similar degree of improvement in the airway mechanics in both ***:Neither MbW nor FOT differentiated between poorly controlled asthmatics (when well) and healthy *** did not detect a significant bronchodilator response in either subject group,whereas FOT detected a similar degree of bronchodilator responsiveness in both *** discrepancy may reflect differential changes in airway mechanics and gas mixing properties in response to bronchodilators.

关键词： Forced oscillation technique Multiple breath washout Pediatric lung function measurement Pediatric asthma

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brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling:Conserved and diversified functions of core genes across multiple plant species

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Plant Communications 2024年第9期5卷 72-100页

作者： brian Zebosi erik Vollbrecht Norman b.best Department of Genetics Development and Cell BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Research UnitColumbiaMO 65201USA

brassinosteroids(bRs)are important regulators that control myriad aspects of plant growth and development,including biotic and abiotic stress responses,such that modulating bR homeostasis and signaling presents abundant opportunities for plant breeding and crop *** and other proteins involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of bRs are well understood from molecular genetics and phenotypic analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana;however,knowledge of the molecular functions of these genes in other plant species,especially cereal crop plants,is *** this manuscript,we comprehensively review functional studies of bR genes in Arabidopsis,maize,rice,Setaria,brachypodium,and soybean to identify conserved and diversified functions across plant species and to highlight cases for which additional research is in *** performed phylogenetic analysis of gene families involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of bRs and re-analyzed publicly available transcriptomic *** trees coupled with expression data provide a valuable guide to supplement future research on bRs in these important crop species,enabling researchers to identify gene-editing targets for bR-related functional studies.

关键词： brassinosteroids maize rice Setaria soybean brachypodium Arabidopsis

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Round robin using the depth of penetration test method on an armour grade alumina

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第6期15卷 829-836页

作者： erik P.Carton bernt b.Johnsen Dennis-bo Rahbek Hans broos Almar Snippe TNO P.O.Box 45NL-2280 AA Rijswijkthe Netherlands Norwegian Defence Research Establishment(FFI) P.O.Box 25NO-2027 KjellerNorway

The depth of penetration(DOP)method is a well-known ballistic test method for characterisation and ranking of ceramic armour *** ceramic tile is bonded to a backing material of semi-infinite thickness,and the penetration depth of the projectile gives a measure of the performance of the *** is,however,an inherent variability in the results from this test *** this work,the accuracy and the variability of the DOP method has been investigated in a round robin *** ballistic test centres took part in the exercise.A test protocol was developed,in which the threat type(projectile and impact conditions)and a procedure on how to prepare the targets were *** targets consisted of alumina tiles of two different thicknesses that were bonded to polycarbonate backing *** different 7.62 mm armour piercing projectiles were employed;one with a hard steel core and one with a tungsten carbide *** projectiles and the other materials all came from single material batches in order to avoid batch-to-batch variations in material *** materials were distributed between the ballistic test *** test results of the different ballistic test facilities were collected and *** was not a lot of variation between the average DOP values obtained at each laboratory,but the variation in penetration depth between shots was *** consequence of this variation may be less confidence in the test results,and a statistical method was used to evaluate the required number of tests that are sufficient to obtain an average result with high *** most cases,the required number of tests is much higher than what is practically *** work was conducted as part of the European Defence Agency-project CERAMbALL.

关键词： ballistics Depth of penetration Test method Armour Ceramic Statistics

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Inverse Ising techniques to infer underlying mechanisms from data

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Chinese Physics b 2020年第8期29卷 1-23页

作者： Hong-Li Zeng erik Aurell School of Science New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China Nordita Royal Institute of Technologyand Stockholm UniversitySE-10691 StockholmSweden KTH-Royal Institute of Technology AlbaNova University CenterSE-10691 StockholmSweden Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer ScienceJagiellonian University30-348 KrakowPoland

As a problem in data science the inverse Ising(or Potts)problem is to infer the parameters of a Gibbs-boltzmann distributions of an Ising(or Potts)model from samples drawn from that *** algorithmic and computational interest stems from the fact that this inference task cannot be carried out efficiently by the maximum likelihood criterion,since the normalizing constant of the distribution(the partition function)cannot be calculated exactly and *** practical interest on the other hand flows from several outstanding applications,of which the most well known has been predicting spatial contacts in protein structures from tables of homologous protein *** applications to date have been to data that has been produced by a dynamical process which,as far as it is known,cannot be expected to satisfy detailed *** is therefore no a priori reason to expect the distribution to be of the Gibbs-boltzmann type,and no a priori reason to expect that inverse Ising(or Potts)techniques should yield useful *** this review we discuss two types of problems where progress nevertheless can be *** find that depending on model parameters there are phases where,in fact,the distribution is close to Gibbs-boltzmann distribution,a non-equilibrium nature of the under-lying dynamics *** also discuss the relation between inferred Ising model parameters and parameters of the underlying dynamics.

关键词： inverse Ising problem kinetic Ising model statistical genetics fitness reconstruction

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An Odyssey in antiviral drug development—50 years at the Rega Institute:1964–2014

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2015年第6期5卷 520-543页

作者： erik De Clercq Rega Institute for Medical Research

*** it started I entered the Rega Institute for Medical Research in August 1964,as a medical student,to start working under the guidance of *** De Somer,then professor of microbiology at the Leuven School of *** I gra... 详细信息

关键词： erik De Clercq Antiviral drug Poly(I) poly(C) Polyacrylic acid Interferon Reverse transcriptase Suramin Valaciclovir brivudin Stavudine Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF) Truvada~ Atripla~ Complera~/Eviplera~ Stribild~ FV-100 Mozobil~ Tenofovir alafenamide(TAF) Holy's legacy Sofosbuvir

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Use of petrological and organic geochemical data in determining hydrocarbon generation potential of coals:miocene coals of Malatya basin(Eastern Anatolia-Turkey)

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第4期8卷 510-533页

作者： Nazan Yalcin erik Faruk Ay Department of Geological Engineering Cumhuriyet University58140 SivasTurkey Department of Anthropology Cumhuriyet University58140 SivasTurkey

With this study,the hydrocarbon generation potential of Miocene aged coals around Arguvan-Parçikan in the northern district of Malatya province was evaluated with the aid of petrological and organic geochemical *** to organic petrography,coal quality data,and low thermal maturity,the Arguvan-Parçikan coals are of high-ash,high-sulfur subbituminous b/C *** organic fraction of the coals is mostly comprised of humic group macerals,with small percentages derived from the inertinite and liptinite *** mineral matter of the coals is comprised mainly of calcite and clay *** total organic carbon(TOC,wt%)values of the shale and coal samples are between 2.61 wt%and 43.02 wt%,and the hydrogen index values are between 73 and 229 mg HC/g ***(T_(max),PI),huminite/vitrinite reflectance(R_(o),%),and biomarker ratios CPI,Pr/Ph ratio,Ts/(Ts+Tm)ratio,C_(32) homohopane ratio(22S/22S+22R)and C_(29)ββ/(ββ+ααsterane ratio)indicate that the organic matter of the studied coals is thermally *** all these data are taken together,Miocene aged coals around Arguvan are suitable for hydrocarbon generation,especially gas,in terms of organic matter type(Type III and Type II/III mixed),organic matter amount(>10 wt%TOC),however,low liptinitic macerals(bit the hyrocarbon generation.

关键词： Arguvan Malatya basin Eastern Anatolia Organic geochemistry Organic petrography Miocene coal

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The Younger Dryas Event and Holocene Climate Fluctuations Recorded in a Stalagmite from the Panlong Cave of Guilin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1998年第4期72卷 455-465页

作者： Stein-erik LAURITZEN Dapartment of Geology Bergen UniversigyNorway

: Comprehensive studies on a stalagmite from the Panlong cave, Guilin, have shown that the isotopic records and sedimentary characteristics can reflect the changes of both palaeotemperatures and palaeorainfall, that is to say, it is possible to get some information about the changes in climate of the area from the speleothem. The results suggest that: (1) the Younger Dryas event might have persisted in the area from 11 300 to 10 800 a b.P.; (2) from 9000 to 7000 a b.P., the climate got warmer and wetter, and the summer monsoon was gradually enhanced; (3) from 7000 to 4500 a b.P., the climate was warm and wet, and the summer monsoon prevailed; and (4) from 4500 a b.P. on, the summer monsoon was weakened and the modern climate pattern appeared, but there were several cold and dry periods, namely, from 4000 to 2500 a b.P., ca. 2400 a b.P. and b.P.

关键词： Younger Dryas Holocene climate stalagmite Guilin

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An approach of the internal friction-dependent temperature changes for conventional and pure biogenic lubricating greases

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 780-795页

作者： Leif AHME erik KUHN MiguelÁngel DELGADO Department of Mechanical Engineering and Production Management Hamburg University of Applied SciencesHamburg 20099Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Research in Product Technology and Chemical Processes(Pro2TecS)University of HuelvaHuelva 21071Spain

This work investigated the temperature changes inside the bulk of lubricating greases under controlled high-shear stress conditions(250-500 s-1).For this purpose,a newly developed temperature-measuring cell called Calidus was successfully *** temperature changes(ΔT)have been related to the greases'components(thickener,base oil-type,and composition)and the structural degradation of the lubricating ***,a theoretical approach was proposed for calculating the internal temperature change of lubricating greases during shear *** greases showed an internal temperature profile characterised by a sudden rise inΔT within the first 4 h from starting the test and subsequentΔT decay until it reaches the steady state ***,it was found that greases C1 and C5,formulated with lithium and calcium soap,respectively,with different soap content(16.1 wt%and 9.7 wt%,respectively),but the same base castor oil,showed the highest value of the maximumΔT,c.a.3.2 K,and the most drastic drop ofΔ*** greases showed both the highest specific densities and heat *** addition,they showed the lowest ratio of expended energies(Rtee),which means more structural degradation in the stressed *** the contrary,the grease C3,with 13 wt%of Li-soap but the lowest base oil's viscosity,showed the lowest maximumΔT and the temperature profile was characterised by a moderate variation ofΔT along the *** biogenic grease b3 developed a low-temperature change in the group of pure bio-genic greases close to grease C3.

关键词： shear-induced structural degradation rheology temperature measurements lubricating greases density lubricating greases specific heat capacities

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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute radiation syndrome: Innovative medical approaches in military medicine

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2014年第3期29卷 186-195页

作者： erik b.Eaton Jr. Timothy R.Varney United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense 3100 Ricketts Point Road Aberdeen Proving GroundMaryland 21010 US United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense 3100 Ricketts Point Road Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21010 US

After a radiological or nuclear event, acute radiation syndrome(ARS) will present complex medical challenges that could involve the treatment of hundreds to thousands of patients. Current medical doctrine is based on limited clinical data and remains inadequate. Efforts to develop medical innovations that address ARS complications are unlikely to be generated by the industry because of market uncertainties specific to this type of injury. A prospective strategy could be the integration of cellular therapy to meet the medical demands of ARS. The most clinically advanced cellular therapy to date is the administration of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). Results of currently published investigations describing MSC safety and efficacy in a variety of injury and disease models demonstrate the unique qualities of this reparative cell population in adapting to the specific requirements of the damaged tissue in which the cells integrate. This report puts forward a rationale for the further evaluation of MSC therapy to address the current unmet medical needs of ARS. We propose that the exploration of this novel therapy for the treatment of the multivariate complications of ARS could be of invaluable benefit to military medicine.

关键词： Acute radiation syndrome Mesenchymal stem cell Cell therapy Hematopoietic syndrome Gastrointestinal syndrome Radiation injury

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Controlling Membrane Phase Separation of Polymersomes for Programmed Drug Release

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2022年第9期40卷 1006-1015页

作者： Shuai Chen erik Jan Cornel Jian-Zhong Du Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Tenth People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200072China Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

Programmed release of small molecular drugs from polymersomes is of great importance in drug delivery.A significant challenge is to adjust the membrane permeability in a well-controlled ***,we propose a strategy for controlling membrane phase separation by photo-cross-linking of the membrane-forming blocks with different molecular *** synthesized three amphiphilic block copolymers with different membrane-forming blocks,which are poly(ethylene oxide)_(43)-b-poly((ε-caprolactone)_(45)-stat-((α-(cinnamoyloxymethyl)-1,2,3-triazol)caprolactone)_(25))(PEO_(43)-b-P(CL_(45)-stat-CTCL_(25))),PEO_(43)-b-P(CL_(108)-stat-CTCL_(16)),and PEO_(43)-b-PCTCL_(4)-b-PCL_(79).These polymers were self-assembled into polymersomes using either a solvent-switch or powder rehydration method,and the obtained polymersomes were characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron *** the phase separation patterns within the polymersome membranes were investigated by mesoscopic dynamics(MesoDyn)*** further confirm the change of the membrane permeability that resulted from the phase separation within the membrane,doxorubicin,as a small molecular drug,was loaded and released from the *** to the incompatibility between membrane-forming moieties(PCTCL and PCL),phase separation occurs and the release rate can be tuned by controlling the membrane phase pattern or by ***,besides the compacting effect by formation of chemical bonds in the membrane,the cross-linking process can act as a driving force to facilitate the rearrangement and re-orientation of the phase pattern,which also influences the drug release behavior by modulating the cross-membrane distribution of the amorphous PCTCL *** this way,the strategy of focusing on the membrane phase separation for the preparation of the polymersomes with finely tunable drug release rate can be envisioned and designed accordingly,which is of great signifi

关键词： Polymersome Drug delivery Phase separation Programmed drug release

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