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Blood Safety in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Literature Review

Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2023年第3期13卷 102-120页

作者： Alain k. k. Ilunga Cagod B. Inkale Tharcise kilara Issac Woto Gisele k. kabengele Berry I. Bongenya Baudouin B. T. Buassa Dieudonné T. Nyembue Benoit O. kabengele erick N. k.mangu Institute for Research in Heath Sciences Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Service of Molecular Biology Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Demo-cratic Republic of the Congo “Focus HIV/AIDS” Research Group Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Medicine Bel Campus Technological University Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Service of Biochemistry Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Service Department of Specialties University Clinics of Kinshasa Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Pulmonology Service Department of Internal Medicine University Clinics of Kinshasa Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Background: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) faces severe malaria, postpartum haemorrhage, malnutrition and sickle cell disease that require transfusion. The latter poses immunological, infectious, metabolic and hemodynamic risks to recipients. Objective: To present transfusion safety in the DRC through data from the literature. Methods: This review consists of listing the various articles and abstracts published online and presented in scientific conferences having as a subject of interest transfusion safety in the DRC. Results: The review is dominated by articles from eastern DRC and blood mobilization is around 0.5% of the general population. All screening tests are serological with a proven residual risk. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infections is documented at more than 80% and represents respectively 1.9%, 2.96%, 1.89% and 1.21%. The prevalence of other pathogens, the immunological and haemodynamic risk are very poorly documented (12.5% to 25%). The prevalence of Parvovirus B19 infection is 5.3% and that of bacterial contamination at 1.4%, that of malaria infestations between 0.3% and 28.3%, that of trypanosomiasis at 1.3%, that of babebiosis at 0.17% in blood donors. Allo-immunization represents 47.8%, adverse reactions 3.4%, iron deficiency 63.2, iron deficiency anemia 25.9% and anemia 36.5%. Pediatrics is the biggest user of this blood. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis infections is within the range of sub-Saharan African countries. The serological test is systematic and involves the residual risk, it is necessary to introduce the molecular tests. The prevalence of other pathogens (emerging viruses, bacteria and hemoparasites), the immunological and metabolic risk is poorly documented. The search for these pathogens, irregular antibodies and the determination of ferritin in blood donations is not systematic.

关键词： Prevalence Pathogens Transfusion Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Patient Frailty Can Increase the Risk of Acute kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery: Pilot Study

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2022年第10期12卷 245-255页

作者： Sergio Soto-Hopkins José Antonio Sanchez-Lopez erick Trujillo-Magallón Ron Leder Ana Gabriela Gallardo-Hernandez Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad en Cardiología Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Mexico City M&#233xico IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Mexico City M&#233xico Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Metabólicas Centro M&#233dico Nacional Siglo XXI Mexico City M&#233xico

Background: Acute kidney injury (AkI) is a severe common postoperative complication of cardiac surgery (CS). It increases the risk of mortality by up to 80%. Therefore, it is essential to have preoperative risk evaluation tools. Frailty is a marker of deterioration of physiologic systems and may be associated with AkI. Purpose: The study aimed to determine the utility of frailty as a predictor of AkI after CS. Method: We enrolled 91 patients undergoing CS with cardiopulmonary bypass to determine if they had frailty before surgery and were associated with postoperative AkI. The diagnosis of postoperative AkI was based on the serum creatinine criteria of the Acute kidney Injury Network classification up to 7 days following CS. Results: The incidence of postoperative AkI was 62% in the frail group and 21% in the non-frail group. Frailty was associated with a higher risk of AkI (relative risk [RR] = 3.00, 95% CI 1.56 - 5.77, p = 0.00). In regression models, there were associations between frailty and postoperative AkI. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that frailty could be a predictor for post-CS AkI. Therefore, frailty assessment should become an essential part of the preoperative evaluation to help the anesthesiologist to estimate the surgical risk and develop preoperative and transoperative strategies to preserve the renal function and improve the cardiac surgery outcome.

关键词： Cardiac Surgery Heart-Lung Machine Acute kidney Injury Frailty Cardiopulmonary Bypass

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Mesophilic Process and kinetics Studies of Selected Biomolecules as Potential Enhancers of Biomethanization of Cow Dung in an Anaerobic Tubular Batch Reactor

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Energy and Power Engineering 2022年第3期14卷 147-155页

作者： Paul Njogu Francis Xavier Ochieng Benard Ogembo Stephen Ondimu Christopher kanali erick Ronoh Daniel Omondi Hiram Ndiritu Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology JKUAT Nairobi Kenya School of Biosystems and Environmental Engineering JKUAT Nairobi Kenya School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering JKUAT Nairobi Kenya

Mesophilic biogas production and substrate decomposition is one of the significant limiting steps in biogas generation. The rate of generation and quality often affect the viability of biogas systems. This study assessed the potential for biogas process catalysis using powdered Sorghum bicolor L., Zea mays, and Pennisetum glaucum. The kinetics and biogas generation processes were studied. Experiments were conducted in 1 m3 tubular batch reactors, where batches were dosed with various organic biomolecules. Results show that the use of P. glaucum L. and S. bicolor L. reduced the biogas retention times significantly. Biogas generation commenced after the first day for digesters fed with S. bicolor L. and P. glaucum L. while one with Z. mays and control occurred on day two. The rate of biomethanation and methane content were enhanced. S. bicolor L. led to the highest methane content. Findings reveal that locally available organic biomolecules improved biogas quality and quantity.

关键词： Mesophilic kinetics Biomolecules Biomethanation Reaction Rates Anaerobic

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Procedural complexity independent of P2Y12 reaction unit(PRU)values is associated with acute in situ thrombosis in Pipeline flow diversion of cerebral aneurysms

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第3期3卷 169-175页

作者： Bowen Jiang Matthew T Bender erick M Westbroek Jessica k Campos Li-Mei Lin Risheng Xu Rafael J Tamargo Judy Huang Geoffrey P Colby Alexander L Coon Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Neurosurgery University of CaliforniaIrvine School of MedicineOrangeCaliforniaUSA Department of Neurosurgery University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

background Acute in situ thrombosis is an ischaemic phenomenon during Pipeline embolisation device(PED)procedures with potentially high morbidity and *** is controversy regarding the role of platelet function testing with P2Y12 assay as a predictor of intraprocedural thromboembolic *** is limited knowledge on whether procedural complexity influences these *** Data were collected retrospectively on 742 consecutive PED cases at a single *** with intraprocedural acute thrombosis were compared with patients without these *** A cohort of 37 PED cases with acute in situ thrombosis(mean age 53.8 years,mean aneurysm size 8.4 mm)was matched with a cohort of 705 PED cases without intraprocedural thromboembolic events(mean age 56.4 years,mean aneurysm size 6.9 mm).All patients with in situ thrombosis received intra-arterial and/or intravenous *** two groups were evenly matched in patient demographics,previous treatment/subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)and aneurysm *** was no statistical difference in postprocedural P2Y12 reaction unit(PRU)values between the two groups,with a mean of 156 in the in situ thrombosis group vs 148 in the control group(p=0.5894).Presence of cervical carotid tortuosity,high cavernous internal carotid artery grade,need for multiple PED and vasospasm were not significantly different between the two *** in situ thrombosis group had statistically significant longer fluoroscopy time(60.4 vs 38.4 min,pke,intracerebral haemorrhage and length of *** Predictors of procedural complexity(higher radiation exposure,longer fluoroscopy time,adjunctive coiling and need for balloon angioplasty)are asso

关键词： P2Y12 matched balloon

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis control in Alta Verapaz (northern Guatemala): evaluating current efforts through stakeholders' experiences

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第3期10卷 14-25页

作者： Renata Mendizabal-Cabrera Isabel Perez Victor Becerril Montekio Freddy Perez erick Duran Mei L.Trueba Center for Health Studies(CHS) Universidad del Valle de Guatemala(UVG)18 Avenida 11-95zona 15V.H.3Guatemala CityGuatemala Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica(INSP) CuernavacaMexico Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health Department Pan American Health OrganizationWashingtonDCUSA. Leishmaniasis Sub-Program National Ministry of Health of GuatemalaGuatemala CityGuatemala Department of Global Health and Infection(GHI) Brighton and Sussex Medical School(BSMS)University of SussexBrightonUK.

Background:Cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL),endemic in Guatemala,mostly affects poor people living in the northern region.A national control program that ineludes surveillanee,diagnose,and treatment offered free of cost by the Ministry of Health(MoH)has been in place since ***,the incidence is increasing and treatment rates are not optimal,suggesting that current efforts are not being *** study aimed to understand barriers and facilitators of CL control in Guatemala as experienced and perceived by key stakeholders in order to comprehend what works well and does not and suggest evidence-informed ***:The study was conducted in the Coban municipality,the most endemic of Guatemala,situated in the Department of Alta *** were collected during May and June 2019 via focus groups and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders,including local and national health personnel and residents of four communities of the endemic *** and content analysis of the collected data was conducted using ***:Three overarching issues hamper the effectiveness of current CL efforts:resource scarcity,treatment challenges,and knowledge-action *** economic resources from the MoH and community residents negatively impact incidence,detection of cases and treatment rates in that preventive action is insufficient and healthcare access is *** addition,local health workers often lack specialized CL training and access to the national CL control *** regards to the population living in the study area,misunderstanding of disease causation,shame associated with CL lesions,treatment pain fear,and long(often uncertain)waiting times for diagnose and treatment negatively affect people's willingness to seek help,treatment adherence,and their trust on the healthcare ***:Culturally sensitive CL preventive action must be *** the scarce economic resources available for CL control in the country,the

关键词： Cutaneous leishmaniasis Control effort Qualitative evaluation Stakeholders'experiences Alta Verapaz Guatemala

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Simultaneous Modelling of Gravity and Magnetic Data in a Measured Heat Flux Area to Characterize Geothermal Heat Sources: A Case for Eburru Geothermal Complex, kenya

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第5期9卷 40-54页

作者： erick Rayora Nyakundi Githiri J. Gitonga Maurice O. k’Orowe Department of Physics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Forward modelling of gravity and magnetic data was done simultaneously to show the correlation between gravity and magnetic anomalies on a measured heat flux region. The results were used to characterize the heat source structures in Eburru area. Modelling was done using Oasis montaj geosoft software which is an iteration process where the gravity and magnetic anomalies were calculated and compared to the observed residual anomaly until there was a fit. The start model was constructed based on depths from Euler deconvolution and models constrained using stratigraphy data from the existing wells in the study area. Forward modelling of gravity and magnetic data revealed intrusions within the Earth’s subsurface with depth to the top of the sources ranging from 739 m to 5811 m. The density of the sources ranges between 3.0 g/cm3 and

关键词： Forward Modelling Gravity Anomaly Magnetic Anomaly Heat Source Heat Flux Geothermal Gradient Eburru

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Cone Bearing Estimation Utilizing a Hybrid HMM and IFM Smoother Filter Formulation

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International Journal of Geosciences 2021年第11期12卷 1040-1054页

作者： erick Baziw Gerald Verbeek Baziw Consulting Engineers Vancouver BC Canada Baziw Consulting Engineers Tyler Texas USA

Cone penetration testing (CPT) is a widely used geotechnical engineering in-situ test for mapping soil profiles and assessing soil properties. In CPT, a cone on the end of a series of rods is pushed into the ground at a constant rate and resistance to the cone tip is measured (qm). The qm values are utilized to characterize the soil profile. Unfortunately, the measured cone tip resistance is blurred and/or averaged which can result in the distortion of the soil profile characterization and the inability to identify thin layers. This paper outlines a novel and highly effective algorithm for obtaining cone bearing estimates qt from averaged or smoothed qm measurements. This qt optimal filter estimation technique is referred to as the qtHMM-IFM algorithm and it implements a hybrid hidden Markov model and iterative forward modelling technique. The mathematical details of the

关键词： Bayesian Recursive Estimation (BRE) Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) Geotechnical Site Characterization Hidden Markov Model (HMM) Iterative Forward Modelling (IFM) Smoothing

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Virological and Molecular Profile of People Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Starting Dolutegravir Based Antiretroviral Treatment in kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

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World Journal of AIDS 2023年第3期13卷 83-94页

作者： Berry I. Bongenya Charlotte L. Tshinguta Marie-Thérèse A. S. Sombo Guy M. M. Bumoko Benoit O. kabengele Gauthier k. Mesia erick N. k.mangu Faculty of Medicine Bel Campus Technological University Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo “Focus HIV/AIDS” Research Group Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Internal Medicine University Clinic Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Unit of Pharmacovigilance Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Molecular Biochemistry Service Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Context: Despite the new recommendations “Test and Treat”, the virological and molecular parameters remain important information for Antiretroviral Treatment and adequate for monitoring of patients infected with HIV/AIDS. Objective: the Objective of this study is to present the virological and molecular profile of People Living with HIV starting Antiretroviral Therapy in kinshasa in the era of the Dolutegravir. Methods: This was a transversal study to determine virological and molecular profile of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) starting an ARV Treatment. The patient’s inclusion period was from October 04, 2021 to February 15, 2022. A sample of 5 ml of blood was taken in a tube with EDTA anticoagulant for Molecular Biology analyzes (Viral Load and Sequencing) in all HIV patients, after reading and signing informed consent. The population was made up of adult patients over the age of 18, infected with HIV and starting ART. Results: 119 patients (56.3% of women) were included in this study, thus a sex-ratio of 1.29. The average age of patients included was 39.87 ± 12.36 years. The most represented age group is that of 36 to 45 with 37 patients (31.9%) followed by that from 26 to 35 years with 24 patients (20.7%). Out of 119 patients, 21 patients had an undetectable Viral Load (VL). The median value of VL was 4.16 log10 RNA copies/ml. 114 samples were successfully amplified. Subtype A was dominant with 23 cases (20.2%);followed by the subtype C and CRF02_AG each with 14.0%, and D (10.5 %). k65R (1.8%), T69P/N (4.4%), k70R (7.9%) and M184V (7.0%) mutations were listed as existing mutations for Nucleotide Transcriptase Inhibitors. Conclusion: 38 patients (31.93%) started the TARV with a positive virological prognosis. The subtype A remains dominant in kinshasa with 23 cases (20.2%);followed by the subtype C and CRF02_AG each with 14.0%. For Inhibitors of Transcriptase Reverse Nucleotide;k65R, T69P/N, k70E/R and M184V mutations were found in patients’ naive of ARV Treatmen

关键词： Virological Profile Molecular Profile PLHIV Start of ART kinshasa

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Long-Term Postoperative Perfusion Status in Giant Retinal Tears: A Preliminary Case Report

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2022年第2期12卷 180-200页

作者： Miguel A. Quiroz-Reyes erick A. Quiroz-Gonzalez Miguel A. Quiroz-Gonzalez Margarita Montano Ahmad R. Alsaber Virgilio Lima-Gomez Retina Specialists Unit Oftalmologia Integral ABC Medical and Surgical Assistance Institution (Non-Profit Organization) Postgraduate Division National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico CityMexico Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK Juarez Hospital Public Assistance Institution (Non-Profit Organization) Mexico City Mexico

Background: Information on the long-term perfusion status of patients after successful surgery for giant retinal tear (GRT) macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is limited. Purpose: To examine long-term structural, functional, and perfusion outcomes in normal control eyes and eyes treated for different degrees of GRT-associated extensions of RRD. Methods: One emmetropic normal eye (control), one healthy highly myopic eye (control myopic), and three eyes surgically treated for GRT (surgical), were included in the study for a long-term comparison of study outcomes. The surgical eyes were classified based on the degree of GRT-associated RRD extension as follows: one eye with GRT-associated RRD extension ˚one eye with GRT-associated RRD extension between 180˚- 270˚and one eye with GRT-associated RRD extension > 270˚. Structural, functional, and perfusion outcomes were compared with those of the control eyes. Results: All three eyes were phakic and the condition was monocular. The mean age of the patients was 48.67 ± 8.50 years (range, 39 - 55 years). All three eyes had GRT macula-off RRD. The mean preoperative time for GRT surgery was 1.2 weeks. The mean pre- and postoperative best corrected visual acuities (BCVA) were 1.87 logMAR and 0.46 logMAR, respectively. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 19.67 ± 5.69 months. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy resulted in multiple surgeries in one eye (31.5%). Long-term postoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed abnormal retinal thickness, ellipsoid zone disruption, and external limiting membrane line discontinuities in one eye. OCT angiography yielded abnormal perfusion indices in the surgically treated eyes. Conclusions: Our data showed multiple structural alterations in spectral-domain OCT biomarkers. One eye that developed secondary epiretinal membrane (ERM) proliferation showed a significantly improved BCVA after proliferation and internal limiting membrane were removed. P

关键词： Choriocapillaris Subfoveal Plexus Deep Vascular Plexus Giant Retinal Tears Macular Perfusion Indices Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

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Peroxymonosulfate decomposition by homogeneous and heterogeneous Co: kinetics and application for the degradation of acetaminophen

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第7期32卷 30-40页

作者： Oscar M.Rodríguez-Narvaez Ruwini D.Rajapaksha Mahinda I.Ranasinghe Xuelian Bai Juan Manuel Peralta-Hernández erick R.Bandala Departamento de Química DCNEUniversidad de GuanajuatoGuanajuato C.P.3C6040Mexico Department of Chemistry New Mexico Institute of Mining and TechnologySocorroNM 87801USA Division of Hydrologic Sciences Desert Research InstituteLas VegasNV 89119-7363USA

Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)decomposition,hydroxyl radical(·OH)generation,and acetaminophen(ACT)degradation by the Co/PMS system using homogeneous(dissolved cobalt)and heterogeneous(suspended Co3O4)cobalt were *** the homogeneous process,>99%PMS decomposition was observed and 10 mmol/L of·OH generation was produced using 5 mmol/L of PMS and different dissolved cobalt concentrations after 30 min.A dissolved cobalt concentration of 0.2 mmol/L was used to achieve>99%ACT degradation using the homogeneous *** the heterogeneous process,60%PMS decomposition and negligible·OH generation were observed for 5 mmol/L of the initial PMS concentration using 0.1 and 0.2 g/L of *** of ACT greater than 80%was achieved for all experimental runs using 5 mmol/L of the initial PMS concentration independently of the initial Co3O4 load *** the heterogeneous process,the best experimental conditions for ACT degradation were found to be 3 mmol/L of PMS and 0.2 g/L of Co3O4,for which>99%ACT degradation was achieved after 10 *** negligible·OH was produced by the Co3O4/PMS process,a second-order kinetic model was proposed for sulfur-based free radical production to allow fair comparison between homogeneous and heterogeneous *** the kinetic data and the reaction by-products identified,a mechanistic pathway for ACT degradation is suggested.

关键词： Co3O4 PMS decomposition Fenton-like reaction Acetaminophen ·OH production

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